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Cuyler M, Twilley D, Thipe VC, Mandiwana V, Kalombo ML, Ray SS, Rikhotso-Mbungela RS, Janse van Vuuren A, Coetsee W, Katti KV, Lall N. Antihistamine and Wound Healing Potential of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Bulbine frutescens (L.) Willd. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2024; 17:59-76. [PMID: 38504832 PMCID: PMC10949377 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s445116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is an inflammatory skin condition with synthetic treatments that induce adverse effects and are ineffective. One of the proposed causes for the development of the condition is the outside-in hypothesis, which states that eczema is caused by a disruption in the skin barrier. These disruptions include developing dry cracked skin, which promotes the production of histamine. Bulbine frutescens (BF) is traditionally used to treat wounds and eczema; however, limited research has been conducted to scientifically validate this. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used to repair damaged skin; however, no research has been conducted on AuNPs synthesized using BF. Purpose The study aimed to determine whether BF alleviated skin damage through wound healing, reducing the production of histamine and investigate whether AuNPs synthesized using BF would enhance biological activity. Methods Four extracts and four synthesized AuNPs were prepared using BF and their antiproliferative and wound healing properties against human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) were evaluated. Thereafter, the selected samples antiproliferative activity and antihistamine activity against phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated granulocytes were evaluated. Results Of the eight samples, the freeze-dried leaf juice (BFE; p < 0.01) extract and its AuNPs (BFEAuNPs; p < 0.05) displayed significant wound closure at 100 µg/mL and were further evaluated. The selected samples displayed a fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of >200 µg/mL against PMA stimulated granulocytes. Compared to the untreated (media with PMA) control (0.30 ± 0.02 ng/mL), BFEAuNPs significantly inhibited histamine production at a concentration of 100 (p < 0.01) and 50 µg/mL (p < 0.001). Conclusion BFE and BFEAuNPs stimulated wound closure, while BFEAuNPs significantly inhibited histamine production. Further investigation into BFEAuNPs in vivo wound healing activity and whether it can target histamine-associated receptors on mast cells as a potential mechanism of action should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marizé Cuyler
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0002, South Africa
| | - Danielle Twilley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0002, South Africa
| | - Velaphi C Thipe
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Vusani Mandiwana
- Chemical Cluster Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Michel L Kalombo
- Chemical Cluster Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Suprakas S Ray
- DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | | | - Arno Janse van Vuuren
- Centre for High Transmission Electron Microscopy, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Will Coetsee
- Botanica Natural Products Pty (Ltd), Canterbury Farm MR 254, Alldays, Limpopo, 0909, South Africa
| | - Kattesh V Katti
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0002, South Africa
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
- Bio-Tech Research and Development Institute, University of the West Indies 770, Kingston, Jamaica
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Vasudha Mallam, Kumar MR, Vijayakumar B. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Phenothiazine-Sulfonamide Based Isoxazole Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial Agents. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022030219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Development of Phenothiazine Hybrids with Potential Medicinal Interest: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010276. [PMID: 35011508 PMCID: PMC8746661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular hybridization approach has been used to develop compounds with improved efficacy by combining two or more pharmacophores of bioactive scaffolds. In this context, hybridization of various relevant pharmacophores with phenothiazine derivatives has resulted in pertinent compounds with diverse biological activities, interacting with specific or multiple targets. In fact, the development of new drugs or drug candidates based on phenothiazine system has been a promising approach due to the diverse activities associated with this tricyclic system, traditionally present in compounds with antipsychotic, antihistaminic and antimuscarinic effects. Actually, the pharmacological actions of phenothiazine hybrids include promising antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, analgesic and multi-drug resistance reversal properties. The present review summarizes the progress in the development of phenothiazine hybrids and their biological activity.
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4
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N-Alkylation of 2-methoxy-10H-phenothiazine revisited. A facile entry to diversely N-substituted phenothiazine-coumarin hybrid dyes. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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5
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Guguloth V, Thirukovela NS, Paidakula S, Vadde R. One-Pot Regioselective Synthesis of Some Novel Isoxazole-Phenothiazine Hybrids and Their Antibacterial Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220030214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Chen Q, Xie R, Jia H, Sun J, Lu G, Jiang H, Zhang M. Access to Phenothiazine Derivatives via Iodide-Mediated Oxidative Three-Component Annulation Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5629-5637. [PMID: 32203658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new iodide-mediated three-component annulation reaction of secondary anilines, cyclohexanones, and elemental sulfur is demonstrated, which allows access to various phenothiazines with the merits of formation of multiple chemical bonds in one single operation, high step and atom efficiency, readily available feedstocks and catalyst system, and good substrate and functional group compatibility. The developed chemistry capable of constructing novel phenothiazines with structural diversity offers a significant basis for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xie
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Jia
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Jialu Sun
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Guangpeng Lu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
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7
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Sivaramakarthikeyan R, Karuppasamy A, Iniyaval S, Padmavathy K, Lim WM, Mai CW, Ramalingan C. Phenothiazine and amide-ornamented novel nitrogen heterocyclic hybrids: synthesis, biological and molecular docking studies. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05489h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of phenothiazine and amide-ornamented nitrogen heterocycles (25–34) has been accomplished utilizing a multi-step synthetic protocol and the structures have been established based on physical and spectral techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramar Sivaramakarthikeyan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University)
- Krishnankoil
- India
| | - Ayyanar Karuppasamy
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University)
- Krishnankoil
- India
| | - Shunmugam Iniyaval
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University)
- Krishnankoil
- India
| | - Krishnaraj Padmavathy
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University)
- Krishnankoil
- India
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- School of Pharmacy
- International Medical University
- Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- School of Pharmacy
- International Medical University
- Malaysia
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research
- Institute for Research
| | - Chennan Ramalingan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University)
- Krishnankoil
- India
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8
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Kumar A, Pasam VR, Thakur RK, Singh M, Singh K, Shukla M, Yadav A, Dogra S, Sona C, Umrao D, Jaiswal S, Ahmad H, Rashid M, Singh SK, Wahajuddin M, Dwivedi AK, Siddiqi MI, Lal J, Tripathi RP, Yadav PN. Novel Tetrahydroquinazolinamines as Selective Histamine 3 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Obesity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4638-4655. [PMID: 30998358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The histamine 3 receptor (H3R) is a presynaptic receptor, which modulates several neurotransmitters including histamine and various essential physiological processes, such as feeding, arousal, cognition, and pain. The H3R is considered as a drug target for the treatment of several central nervous system disorders. We have synthesized and identified a novel series of 4-aryl-6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolinamines that act as selective H3R antagonists. Among all the synthesized compounds, in vitro and docking studies suggested that the 4-methoxy-phenyl-substituted tetrahydroquinazolinamine compound 4c has potent and selective H3R antagonist activity (IC50 < 0.04 μM). Compound 4c did not exhibit any activity on the hERG ion channel and pan-assay interference compounds liability. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that 4c crosses the blood brain barrier, and in vivo studies demonstrated that 4c induces anorexia and weight loss in obese, but not in lean mice. These data reveal the therapeutic potential of 4c as an anti-obesity candidate drug via antagonizing the H3R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chandan Sona
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110001 , India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rama Pati Tripathi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110001 , India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli , New Transit Campus, Bijnor Road , Sarojani Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow , 226002 Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Prem N Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110001 , India
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9
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Środa-Pomianek K, Michalak K, Palko-Łabuz A, Uryga A, Świątek P, Majkowski M, Wesołowska O. The Combined Use of Phenothiazines and Statins Strongly Affects Doxorubicin-Resistance, Apoptosis, and Cox-2 Activity in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040955. [PMID: 30813251 PMCID: PMC6412564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since none of the multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators tested so far found their way into clinic, a novel approach to overcome the MDR of cancer cells has been proposed. The combined use of two MDR modulators of dissimilar mechanisms of action was suggested to benefit from the synergy between them. The effect of three phenothiazine derivatives that were used as single agents and in combination with simvastatin on cell growth, apoptosis induction, activity, and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in doxorubicin-resistant colon cancer cells (LoVo/Dx) was investigated. Treatment of LoVo/Dx cells by phenothiazine derivatives combined with simvastatin resulted in an increase of doxorubicin cytotoxicity and its intracellular accumulation as compared to the treatment with phenothiazine derivatives that were used as single agents. Similarly, LoVo/Dx cells treated with two-component mixture of modulators showed the reduced expression of ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) transporter and COX-2 enzyme, both on mRNA and protein level. Reduced expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bax were also detected. Additionally, COX-2 activity was diminished, and caspase-3 activity was increased to a higher extent by phenothiazine derivative:simvastatin mixtures than by phenothiazine derivatives themselves. Therefore, the introduction of simvastatin strengthened the anti-MDR, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic properties of phenothiazines in LoVo/Dx cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Środa-Pomianek
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Michalak
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Palko-Łabuz
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Uryga
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Majkowski
- Confocal Microscopy Laboratory, Polish Center for Technology Development, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Olga Wesołowska
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
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10
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Sivaramakarthikeyan R, Iniyaval S, Padmavathy K, Liew HS, Looi CK, Mai CW, Ramalingan C. Phenothiazine and amide-ornamented dihydropyridines viaa molecular hybridization approach: design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03394g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel phenothiazinyldihydropyridine dicarboxamides7a–7jwas synthesized by adopting a multi-step synthetic strategy and characterized through physical and spectral techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramar Sivaramakarthikeyan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, (Deemed to be University)
- India
| | - Shunmugam Iniyaval
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, (Deemed to be University)
- India
| | - Krishnaraj Padmavathy
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, (Deemed to be University)
- India
| | - Hui-Shan Liew
- School of Postgraduate Studies
- International Medical University
- Malaysia
| | - Chin-King Looi
- School of Postgraduate Studies
- International Medical University
- Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- International Medical University
- Malaysia
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research
| | - Chennan Ramalingan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, (Deemed to be University)
- India
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11
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Padmavathy K, Krishnan KG, Kumar CU, Sutha P, Sivaramakarthikeyan R, Ramalingan C. Synthesis, Antioxidant Evaluation, Density Functional Theory Study of Dihydropyrimidine Festooned Phenothiazines. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaraj Padmavathy
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Advanced Sciences (SAS)Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University) Krishnankoil – 626 126 Tamilnadu India
| | - Kannan Gokula Krishnan
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Advanced Sciences (SAS)Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University) Krishnankoil – 626 126 Tamilnadu India
| | - Chandran Udhaya Kumar
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Advanced Sciences (SAS)Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University) Krishnankoil – 626 126 Tamilnadu India
| | - Peramasivan Sutha
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Advanced Sciences (SAS)Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University) Krishnankoil – 626 126 Tamilnadu India
| | - Ramar Sivaramakarthikeyan
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Advanced Sciences (SAS)Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University) Krishnankoil – 626 126 Tamilnadu India
| | - Chennan Ramalingan
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Advanced Sciences (SAS)Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University) Krishnankoil – 626 126 Tamilnadu India
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12
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Karuppasamy A, Udhaya kumar C, Velayutham Pillai MP, Ramalingan C. Synthesis, spectral, structural and DFT studies of novel dialkylfluorene decorated phenothiazine-3-carbaldehyde. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Dang P, Zheng Z, Liang Y. Copper-Catalyzed C(sp3)–S Bond and C(sp2)–S Bond Cross-Coupling of 2-(2-Iodobenzoyl) Substituted or 2-(2-Iodobenzyl) Substituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines with Potassium Sulfide: Synthesis of Isoquinoline-Fused 1,3-Benzothiazine Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2263-2268. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Dang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zhilei Zheng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yun Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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14
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Stalindurai K, Gokula Krishnan K, Nagarajan ER, Ramalingan C. Experimental and theoretical studies on new 7-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-10-alkyl-10H-phenothiazine-3-carbaldehydes. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Karuppasamy A, Gokula Krishnan K, Pillai Velayutham Pillai M, Ramalingan C. Synthesis, molecular structure and vibrational analysis of D-D-A based carbazole decorated phenothiazine-3-carbaldehyde: Experimental (FT-IR, UV and NMR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Liu W, Min H, Zhu X, Deng G, Liang Y. Copper-catalyzed highly selective synthesis of 2-benzyl- and 2-benzylidene-substituted benzo[b]thiazinones from 2-iodophenylcinnamamides and potassium sulfide. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9804-9808. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02585h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DBU as a switch could control the selectivity of the formation of 2-benzyl-substituted benzo[b]thiazinones and 2-benzylidenebenzo[b]thiazinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hunan Normal University
| | - Hao Min
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hunan Normal University
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hunan Normal University
| | - Guobo Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hunan Normal University
| | - Yun Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hunan Normal University
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17
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Lin YM, Lu GP, Wang RK, Yi WB. Radical Route to 1,4-Benzothiazine Derivatives from 2-Aminobenzenethiols and Ketones under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2016; 18:6424-6427. [PMID: 27978628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-free radical access to 1,4-benzothiazine derivatives from o-aminobenzenethiols is disclosed. This procedure is available for various ketones including α,β-unsaturated, cyclic, linear, and fluoroalkyl ketones to generate a number of 1,4-benzothiazines, which exist in numerous bioactive and natural molecules, rendering this protocol attractive to both synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Lin
- Chemical Engineering College, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Guo-Ping Lu
- Chemical Engineering College, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Rong-Kang Wang
- Chemical Engineering College, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wen-Bin Yi
- Chemical Engineering College, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
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18
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2-Acetylphenothiazines as synthon in heterocyclic synthesis. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Banik R, Roy S, Kirillov AM, Bauza A, Frontera A, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Salas JM, Maniukiewicz W, Das SK, Das S. Two mixed-ligand cadmium(ii) compounds bearing 5-nitrosopyrimidine and N-donor aromatic blocks: self-assembly generation, structural and topological features, DFT studies, and Hirshfeld surface analysis. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00989a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Chen J, Li G, Xie Y, Liao Y, Xiao F, Deng GJ. Four-Component Approach to N-Substituted Phenothiazines under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2015; 17:5870-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guozheng Li
- Key
Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yanjun Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yunfeng Liao
- Key
Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Fuhong Xiao
- Key
Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key
Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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Kumar MA, Minh An TN, Lee IJ, Park S, Lee KD. Synthesis and Bioactivity of Novel Phenothiazine-Based Thiazole Derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.978324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mungara Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780 714, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Nguyen Minh An
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780 714, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- The Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - In Ja Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780 714, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonheum Park
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780 714, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kap Duk Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780 714, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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22
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Liao Y, Jiang P, Chen S, Xiao F, Deng GJ. Synthesis of phenothiazines from cyclohexanones and 2-aminobenzenethiols under transition-metal-free conditions. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43989e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Zou Y, Zhang Q, Showkot Hossain A, Li SL, Wu JY, Ke WZ, Jin BK, Yang JX, Zhang SY, Tian YP. Synthesis, crystal structures, electrochemistry and nonlinear optical properties of a novel (D–A–D) biferrocenyl derivative: 2-Amino-4,6-diferrocenylpyrimidine. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pluta K, Morak-Młodawska B, Jeleń M. Recent progress in biological activities of synthesized phenothiazines. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3179-89. [PMID: 21620536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent medicinal chemistry investigations in vitro and in vivo in search for new phenothiazines of promising biological activities. New phenothiazine derivatives (over 50 main structures) contain dialkylaminoalkyl, cycloaminoalkyl and aminoalkyl substituents and their acyl and sulfonyl derivatives, and other substituents with varied the monocyclic (pyrazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, tetrazole) and bicyclic (quinolizine, pyrazolopyrimidine, thiazolopyridine, azabicyclononane and spiro[chromanpyrimidine] heterocycles linked directly or via the alkyl chain with the thiazine nitrogen atom or with the benzene ring. The modifications of the tricyclic ring system with the bicyclic homoaromatic ring (naphthalene) and monocyclic and bicyclic azine rings (pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine and quinoline) led to compounds of significant biological activities. Recently obtained phenothiazines exhibit promising antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antifilarial, trypanocidal, anticonvulsant, analgesic, immunosuppressive and multidrug resistance reversal properties. These activities were the results of the actions of phenothiazines on biological systems via the interaction of the pharmacophoric substituent (in some cases of strict length), via the interaction of the multicyclic ring system (π-π interaction, intercalation in DNA) and via the lipophilic character allowing the penetration through the biological membranes. The activities were examined by using various biological systems such as cell lines, bacteria, viruses, parasites, laboratory mice, rats and rabbits, and monolayer and bilayer membranes. Some mechanisms of the actions are discussed. This review shows current tendency in the phenothiazine synthesis (without synthetic routes) and reveals the phenothiazine core to be very potent pharmacophoric moiety which can be a rich source of new compounds having desirable biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Pluta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Kubota K, Kurebayashi H, Miyachi H, Tobe M, Onishi M, Isobe Y. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of tricyclic carboxylic acids as novel anti-histamines. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3005-21. [PMID: 21470866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of tricyclic carboxylic acids having 6-amino-pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione with piperazino or homopiperazino moiety linked by propylene, were synthesized and evaluated for their affinity toward human histamine H(1) receptor and Caco-2 cell permeability. Selected compounds were further evaluated for their oral anti-histaminic activity in mice, bioavailability in rats, and their anti-inflammatory activity in mice OVA-induced biphasic cutaneous reaction model. Among the compounds tested, dibenzoxazepine carboxylic acid 13b showed both histamine H(1) receptor antagonistic activity and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. In addition, 13b exhibited low affinity toward α(1) receptor and low occupancy of H(1) receptor in the brain. It is therefore, believed that 13b is a potential candidate for development as 3rd generation anti-histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Kubota
- Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma. Co., Ltd, 3-1-98 Kasagade-naka Konohana-ku Osaka-city, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
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Beaton G, Moree WJ. The expanding role of H1antihistamines: a patent survey of selective and dual activity compounds 2005 – 2010. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1197-218. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.510516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ma D, Geng Q, Zhang H, Jiang Y. Assembly of substituted phenothiazines by a sequentially controlled CuI/ L-proline-catalyzed cascade C-S and C-N bond formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1291-4. [PMID: 20058286 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Ma D, Geng Q, Zhang H, Jiang Y. Assembly of Substituted Phenothiazines by a Sequentially Controlled CuI/ L-Proline-Catalyzed Cascade CS and CN Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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