1
|
MCH-R1 Antagonist GPS18169, a Pseudopeptide, Is a Peripheral Anti-Obesity Agent in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051291. [PMID: 33673598 PMCID: PMC7957705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a 19 amino acid long peptide found in the brain of animals, including fishes, batrachians, and mammals. MCH is implicated in appetite and/or energy homeostasis. Antagonists at its receptor (MCH-R1) could be major tools (or ultimately drugs) to understand the mechanism of MCH action and to fight the obesity syndrome that is a worldwide societal health problem. Ever since the deorphanisation of the MCH receptor, we cloned, expressed, and characterized the receptor MCH-R1 and started a vast medicinal chemistry program aiming at the discovery of such usable compounds. In the present final work, we describe GPS18169, a pseudopeptide antagonist at the MCH-R1 receptor with an affinity in the nanomolar range and a Ki for its antagonistic effect in the 20 picomolar range. Its metabolic stability is rather ameliorated compared to its initial parent compound, the antagonist S38151. We tested it in an in vivo experiment using high diet mice. GPS18169 was found to be active in limiting the accumulation of adipose tissues and, correlatively, we observed a normalization of the insulin level in the treated animals, while no change in food or water consumption was observed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Garrido A, Lepailleur A, Mignani SM, Dallemagne P, Rochais C. hERG toxicity assessment: Useful guidelines for drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 195:112290. [PMID: 32283295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All along the drug development process, one of the most frequent adverse side effects, leading to the failure of drugs, is the cardiac arrhythmias. Such failure is mostly related to the capacity of the drug to inhibit the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) cardiac potassium channel. The early identification of hERG inhibition properties of biological active compounds has focused most of attention over the years. In order to prevent the cardiac side effects, a great number of in silico, in vitro and in vivo assays have been performed. The main goal of these studies is to understand the reasons of these effects, and then to give information or instructions to scientists involved in drug development to avoid the cardiac side effects. To evaluate anticipated cardiovascular effects, early evaluation of hERG toxicity has been strongly recommended for instance by the regulatory agencies such as U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA). Thus, following an initial screening of a collection of compounds to find hits, a great number of pharmacomodulation studies on the novel identified chemical series need to be performed including activity evaluation towards hERG. We provide in this concise review clear guidelines, based on described examples, illustrating successful optimization process to avoid hERG interactions as cases studies and to spur scientists to develop safe drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Garrido
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Caen, France
| | - Alban Lepailleur
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Caen, France
| | - Serge M Mignani
- UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Patrick Dallemagne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Caen, France
| | - Christophe Rochais
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Caen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cavalluzzi MM, Imbrici P, Gualdani R, Stefanachi A, Mangiatordi GF, Lentini G, Nicolotti O. Human ether-à-go-go-related potassium channel: exploring SAR to improve drug design. Drug Discov Today 2019; 25:344-366. [PMID: 31756511 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
hERG is best known as a primary anti-target, the inhibition of which is responsible for serious side effects. A renewed interest in hERG as a desired target, especially in oncology, was sparked because of its role in cellular proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we survey the most recent advances regarding hERG by focusing on SAR in the attempt to elucidate, at a molecular level, off-target and on-target actions of potential hERG binders, which are highly promiscuous and largely varying in structure. Understanding the rationale behind hERG interactions and the molecular determinants of hERG activity is a real challenge and comprehension of this is of the utmost importance to prioritize compounds in early stages of drug discovery and to minimize cardiotoxicity attrition in preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Cavalluzzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Imbrici
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Gualdani
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Lentini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lyakhovich MS, Murashkina AV, Averin AD, Abel AS, Maloshitskaya OA, Savelyev EN, Orlinson BS, Beletskaya IP. Arylation of Adamantanamines: X. Palladium- and Copper-Catalyzed Heteroarylation of Adamantane-Containing Amines with Bromopyridines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019060010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Averin AD, Panchenko SP, Abel AS, Maloshitskaya OA, Butov GM, Savelyev EN, Orlinson BS, Novakov IA, Beletskaya IP. Arylation of adamantanamines: IX. Copper(I)-catalyzed arylation of adamantane-containing amines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017120028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Didziapetris R, Lanevskij K. Compilation and physicochemical classification analysis of a diverse hERG inhibition database. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2016; 30:1175-1188. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-016-9986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
7
|
Johansson A, Löfberg C, Antonsson M, von Unge S, Hayes MA, Judkins R, Ploj K, Benthem L, Lindén D, Brodin P, Wennerberg M, Fredenwall M, Li L, Persson J, Bergman R, Pettersen A, Gennemark P, Hogner A. Discovery of (3-(4-(2-Oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-ylmethyl)phenoxy)azetidin-1-yl)(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methanone (AZD1979), a Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 (MCHr1) Antagonist with Favorable Physicochemical Properties. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2497-511. [PMID: 26741166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHr1) antagonists were the starting point for a drug discovery program that culminated in the discovery of 103 (AZD1979). The lead optimization program was conducted with a focus on reducing lipophilicity and understanding the physicochemical properties governing CNS exposure and undesired off-target pharmacology such as hERG interactions. An integrated approach was taken where the key assay was ex vivo receptor occupancy in mice. The candidate compound 103 displayed appropriate lipophilicity for a CNS indication and showed excellent permeability with no efflux. Preclinical GLP toxicology and safety pharmacology studies were without major findings and 103 was taken into clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Johansson
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christian Löfberg
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Antonsson
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sverker von Unge
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Martin A Hayes
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Robert Judkins
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Karolina Ploj
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lambertus Benthem
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindén
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Peter Brodin
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marie Wennerberg
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marléne Fredenwall
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lanna Li
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Joachim Persson
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rolf Bergman
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Pettersen
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Peter Gennemark
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anders Hogner
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed and ‡Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Optimization of tetrahydronaphthalene inhibitors of Raf with selectivity over hERG. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1156-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Högberg T, Frimurer TM, Sasmal PK. Melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) antagonists—Still a viable approach for obesity treatment? Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6039-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
10
|
Hessler G, Matter H, Schmidt F, Giegerich C, Wang LH, Güssregen S, Baringhaus KH. Identification and Application of Antitarget Activity Hotspots to Guide Compound Optimization. Mol Inform 2011; 30:996-1008. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
11
|
Clapham JC. Central control of thermogenesis. Neuropharmacology 2011; 63:111-23. [PMID: 22063719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In mammals and birds, conservation of body heat at around 37 °C is vital to life. Thermogenesis is the production of this heat which can be obligatory, as in basal metabolic rate, or it can be facultative such as the response to cold. A complex regulatory system has evolved which senses environmental or core temperature and integrates this information in hypothalamic regions such as the preoptic area and dorsomedial hypothalamus. These areas then send the appropriate signals to generate and conserve heat (or dissipate it). In this review, the importance of the sympathetic nervous system is discussed in relation to its role in basal metabolic rate and adaptive thermogenesis with a particular emphasis to human obesity. The efferent sympathetic pathway does not uniformly act on all tissues; different tissues can receive different levels of sympathetic drive at the same time. This is an important concept in the discussion of the pharmacotherapy of obesity. Despite decades of work the medicine chest contains only one pill for the long term treatment of obesity, orlistat, a lipase inhibitor that prevents the absorption of lipid from the gut and is itself not systemically absorbed. The central controlling system for thermogenesis has many potential intervention points. Several drugs, previously marketed, awaiting approval or in the earlier stages of development may have a thermogenic effect via activation of the sympathetic nervous system at some point in the thermoregulatory circuit and are discussed in this review. If the balance is weighted to the "wrong" side there is the burden of increased cardiovascular risk while a shift to the "right" side, if possible, will afford a thermogenic benefit that is conducive to weight loss maintenance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Central Control Food Intake'
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Clapham
- AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Berglund S, Egner BJ, Gradén H, Gradén J, Morgan DG, Inghardt T, Giordanetto F. Optimization of 2-piperidin-4-yl-acetamides as melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCH-R1) antagonists: Designing out hERG inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4268-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|