1
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Wang W, Li F, Gan S, Fan J, Jiang Q, Zhang T. Establishment and optimization of a high-throughput UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of cycloicaritin and its valine carbamate prodrug in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1234:124017. [PMID: 38244428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed to assay the concentration for the quantification of cycloicaritin and its carbamate prodrug (3-O-L-valyl carbamate prodrug of cycloicaritin) in the plasma of Sprague-Dawley rats. Analytes were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) after liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether. Acetonitrile and water containing 0.1 % formic acid were the mobile phases of the method. Using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode, the method was performed with a total run time of 2.60 min. The response of the experiments was linear over the concentration ranges from 1 to 250 ng/mL for cycloicaritin and 1-250 ng/mL for prodrug. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within the recommended limits of the FDA. The matrix effect that we observed met the criteria. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics of cycloicaritin and its carbamate prodrug in Sprague-Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fengxiao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuo Gan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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2
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Lin H, Dong W, Zhao C, Wang X. Synthesis of 3- and 5-β-anhydroicaritine norcantharidin conjugates. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37950667 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2269466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular hybridisation to develop conjugates of natural antitumor drugs is one of the research hotspots in recent drug development. In this study, β-anhydroicaritine with anticancer activity was conjugated to norcantharidine selectively to develop new antitumor lead candidates. In the condition of EDCI/DMAP/DCM, the C-3 and C-5 hydroxyl groups of β-anhydroicaritine was coupled with norcantharidin monoacid ester respectively, and the inhibitory activity of the synthesised conjugates against HepG2, MCF-7 and L-02 cells were tested by CCK-8 method. Most of these conjugates showed a better activity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines compared to parent compound icaritin, but weaker than another parent compound norcantharidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Xin Pu New District, China
| | - Weiwei Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Xin Pu New District, China
| | - Changkuo Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Xin Pu New District, China
| | - Xianheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Xin Pu New District, China
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3
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Zhao Z, Cui H, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhao C. Glyco-conjugation in 3-β-anhydroicaritine. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37154675 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2208718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A convenient method has been developed for the glycol-conjugation in 3-position of β-anhydroicaritine in a reasonable yield. The structure of the 3-glycosylated β-anhydroicaritine derivatives was confirmed to be correct by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectrum. These compounds are less soluble than icaritin, but more soluble than icariside II in CCl4. The screening results showed that compounds 12h, 12i and 12j had higher cytotoxicity to HepG2 and MCF-7 at a concentration of 50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hanqi Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xianheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Changkuo Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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4
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Liu F, Wei B, Cheng L, Zhao Y, Liu X, Yuan Q, Liang H. Co-Immobilizing Two Glycosidases Based on Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates to Enhance Enzymatic Properties for Achieving High Titer Icaritin Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11631-11642. [PMID: 36044714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Icaritin is a rare and high-value isopentane flavonoid compound with remarkable activities. Increasing yields while reducing cost has been a great challenge in icaritin production. Herein, we first reported a high titer icaritin biosynthesis strategy from epimedin C through co-immobilizing α-l-rhamnosidase (Rha1) and β-glucosidase (Glu4) using cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). The created CLEAs exhibited excellent performances in terms of catalytic activity, thermal stability, pH stability, and reusability. Notably, Rha1-CLEAs (Ki: 1 M) and Glu4-CLEAs (Ki: 0.1 M) were more tolerant to sugars (glucose or rhamnose) than free enzymes (0.1 M for Rha1 and 0.007 M for Glu4) by immobilization, achieving the highest icaritin productivity under the highest substrate concentration ever reported. Finally, about 34.24 g/L icaritin could be obtained from 100 g/L epimedin C within 8 h, indicating the great potential for industrialization. This study also provides a promising strategy for the low-cost production of other high-value aglycone compounds by solving poor stability and sugar inhibition of glycosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Leiyu Cheng
- Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd., Xinchang County 312500, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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5
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Xie J, Zhao J, Zhang N, Xu H, Yang J, Ye J, Jiang J. Efficient Production of Isoquercitin, Icariin and Icariside II by A Novel Thermostable α-l-Rhamnosidase PodoRha from Paenibacillus odorifer with High α-1, 6- / α-1, 2- Glycoside Specificity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 158:110039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Han F, Kim JH, Lee IS. Microbial transformation of icariin and its derivatives. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4103-4113. [PMID: 34507516 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1975702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transformation is an important tool to perform selective conversion of compounds to derivatives which are difficult to produce synthetically. In order to obtain icariside II and icaritin, the active components in Herba Epimedii in vivo, biotransformation studies using microbes as biocatalysts were carried out. Icariside II (2) and icaritin (3) were produced through biotransformation of icariin (1) using the fungi Hormoconis resinae and Mortierella ramanniana var. angulispora in 98% and 92% yields, respectively. In the subsequent transformation studies, 2 was deglycosylated to form 3 by Gliocladium deliquescens, whereas 3 was further converted to a novel compound icaritin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4) and previously known icaritin-3,7-O-β-d-diglucopyranoside (5) by Mucor hiemalis. Biological evaluation of these compounds using MTT assay exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines A549, A375P, and MCF-7, with icariin being the most active, indicating that glycosylation plays a role in the cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubo Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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7
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Li H, Li Y, Ao H, Fu J, Guo Y, Han M, Yan X, Chen X, Wang X. A comparative study on the in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of icaritin and hydrous icaritin nanorods. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1176-1187. [PMID: 32762483 PMCID: PMC7470086 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1801892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Icaritin (ICT) and hydrous icaritin (HICT) are two similar flavonoids compounds isolated from Epimedium Genus. This is the first comparative study on their in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects. Nanorods (NRs) were prepared for ICT and HICT by anti-solvent precipitation method using D-alpha tocopherol acid polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as a stabilizer. The prepared ICT-NRs and HICT-NRs had similar diameter (155.5 nm and 201.7 nm), high drug loading content (43.30 ± 0.22% and 41.08 ± 0.19%), excellent stability and a similar sustaining drug release manner. Nanorods improved the in vitro toxicity against 4 different cancer cells in contrast to free ICT or free HICT; however, no significant difference was observed in this regard between ICT-NRs and HICT NRs. In the in vivo study on the anticancer efficacy on MCF-7 and PLC/PRE/5 tumor-bearing mice model, HICR-NRs displayed certain advantage over ICT NRs with higher tumor inhibition rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yijing Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Ao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingxin Fu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yifei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Meihua Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xueying Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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8
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Cui H, Wang X, Zhao C, Pu Y, Wang Y. Selective alkylation of β-anhydroicaritine and their biological evaluation on anticancer. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:2032-2036. [PMID: 33172306 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1844686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and selective alkylation of icaritin has been developed. The methodology involved initial formation of β-anhydroicaritine (3) under acidic conditions followed by selective methylation at the C-3 position and then alkylation at C-5 position. Several alkylated β-anhydroicaritine derivatives were synthesised using this methodology. These newly synthesised derivatives, especially the compounds 5b, 5c and 5j, significantly suppressed cell proliferation when tested against cancer cell lines in vitro. Compound 5j (R = Bn) exhibited a competitive inhibition against MCF7 in vivo compared to tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Xianheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Changkuo Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Yue Pu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Yuhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi, China
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9
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Xie J, Xu H, Jiang J, Zhang N, Yang J, Zhao J, Wei M. Characterization of a novel thermostable glucose-tolerant GH1 β-glucosidase from the hyperthermophile Ignisphaera aggregans and its application in the efficient production of baohuoside I from icariin and total epimedium flavonoids. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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11
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Tsunekawa R, Katayama K, Hanaya K, Higashibayashi S, Sugimoto Y, Sugai T. Synthesis of 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone and Related Compounds and Elucidation of Their Reversal Effects on BCRP/ABCG2-Mediated Anticancer Drug Resistance. Chembiochem 2019; 20:210-220. [PMID: 30187992 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
3',4',7-Trimethoxyflavone (TMF) has been reported to show a potent reversal effect on drug resistance mediated by breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)/ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). In this study, we designed and synthesized five derivatives with either a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom at C-5 and several kinds of capping moiety at the C-7 hydroxy group, on the same 3',4'-dimethoxy-substituted flavone skeleton. We subsequently evaluated the efficacies of these compounds against BCRP-expressing human leukaemia K562/BCRP cells. Reversal of drug resistance was expressed as the concentration of compound causing a twofold reduction in drug sensitivity (RI50 ). Of the synthesized compounds, the reversal effect of 5-hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone (HTMF, RI50 7.2 nm) towards 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) was stronger than that of TMF (RI50 18 nm). Fluoro-substituted 5-fluoro-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone (FTMF, RI50 25 nm) and monoglycosylated 7-(β-glucosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyflavone (GOHDMF, 91 nm) also exhibited reversal effects, whereas the di- and triglycoside derivatives did not. TMF, HTMF and FTMF at 0.01-10 μm upregulated the K562/BCRP cellular accumulation of Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining dye. In addition, western blotting revealed that treatment of K562/BCRP cells with 0.1 μm TMF, HTMF or FTMT suppressed the expression of BCRP. HTMF showed the strongest inhibition of BCRP-mediated efflux and suppression of BCRP expression of the three effective synthesized flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Tsunekawa
- Division of Organic and Biocatalytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kengo Hanaya
- Division of Organic and Biocatalytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shuhei Higashibayashi
- Division of Organic and Biocatalytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Division of Organic and Biocatalytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
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12
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Li S, Xu J, Yao Z, Hu L, Qin Z, Gao H, Krausz KW, Gonzalez FJ, Yao X. The roles of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs/ABCCs) in the excretion of cycloicaritin-3-O-glucoronide in UGT1A1-overexpressing HeLa cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:45-56. [PMID: 30237061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cycloicaritin is a bioactive natural phenolic compound from Epimedium species. However, the glucuronidation and excretion which would influence oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of cycloicaritin still remain unknown. Here we aimed to establish UGT1A1 stably transfected HeLa cells, and to determine the contributions of BCRP and MRPs transporters to excretion of cycloicaritin-3-O-glucuronide. First, β-estradiol was used to validate the expression of active UGT1A1 protein in engineered HeLa1A1 cells. Furthermore, Ko143 (5 and 20 μM) led to a significant decrease (42.4%-63.8%, p < 0.01) in CICT-3-G excretion and obvious accumulation (19.7%-54.2%, p < 0.05) of intracellular CICT-3-G, while MK571 (5 and 20 μM) caused a significant reduction (46.8%-64.8%, p < 0.05) in the excretion and obvious elevation (50.7%-85.2%, p < 0.01) of intracellular level of CICT-3-G. Furthermore, BCRP knocked-down brought marked reduction in excretion rates of CICT-3-G (26.0%-42.2%, p < 0.01), whereas MRP1 and MRP4-mediated silencing led to significant decrease in the excretion of CICT-3-G (23.8%-35.4%, p < 0.05 for MRP1 and 11.9%-16.0%, p < 0.05 for MRP4). By contrast, neither CICT-3-G excretion nor CICT-3-G accumulation altered in MRP3 knocked-down cells as compared to scramble cells. Taken together, BCRP, MRP1 and MRP4 were identified as the most important contributors for CICT-3-G excretion. Meanwhile, the UGT1A1 modified HeLa cells were a simple and practical tool to study UGT1A1-mediated glucuronidation and to characterize BCRP and MRPs-mediated glucuronide transport at a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Liufang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Zifei Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
| | - Hao Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
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13
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Zhang Q, Feng Y, Kennedy D. Multidrug-resistant cancer cells and cancer stem cells hijack cellular systems to circumvent systemic therapies, can natural products reverse this? Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:777-801. [PMID: 27622244 PMCID: PMC11107623 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most effective and broadly used approaches for cancer management and many modern regimes can eliminate the bulk of the cancer cells. However, recurrence and metastasis still remain a major obstacle leading to the failure of systemic cancer treatments. Therefore, to improve the long-term eradication of cancer, the cellular and molecular pathways that provide targets which play crucial roles in drug resistance should be identified and characterised. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and the existence of tumor-initiating cells, also referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are two major contributors to the failure of chemotherapy. MDR describes cancer cells that become resistant to structurally and functionally unrelated anti-cancer agents. CSCs are a small population of cells within cancer cells with the capacity of self-renewal, tumor metastasis, and cell differentiation. CSCs are also believed to be associated with chemoresistance. Thus, MDR and CSCs are the greatest challenges for cancer chemotherapy. A significant effort has been made to identify agents that specifically target MDR cells and CSCs. Consequently, some agents derived from nature have been developed with a view that they may overcome MDR and/or target CSCs. In this review, natural products-targeting MDR cancer cells and CSCs are summarized and clustered by their targets in different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Natural Sciences, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- School of Natural Sciences, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia
| | - Derek Kennedy
- School of Natural Sciences, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia.
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14
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Tan HL, Chan KG, Pusparajah P, Saokaew S, Duangjai A, Lee LH, Goh BH. Anti-Cancer Properties of the Naturally Occurring Aphrodisiacs: Icariin and Its Derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:191. [PMID: 27445824 PMCID: PMC4925704 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epimedium (family Berberidaceae), commonly known as Horny Goat Weed or Yin Yang Huo, is commonly used as a tonic, aphrodisiac, anti-rheumatic and anti-cancer agent in traditional herbal formulations in Asian countries such as China, Japan, and Korea. The major bioactive compounds present within this plant include icariin, icaritin and icariside II. Although it is best known for its aphrodisiac properties, scientific and pharmacological studies suggest it possesses broad therapeutic capabilities, especially for enhancing reproductive function and osteoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and immunoprotective effects. In recent years, there has been great interest in scientific investigation of the purported anti-cancer properties of icariin and its derivatives. Data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggests these compounds demonstrate anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cells which occurs through various mechanisms such as apoptosis, cell cycle modulation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastasis and immunomodulation. Of note, they are efficient at targeting cancer stem cells and drug-resistant cancer cells. These are highly desirable properties to be emulated in the development of novel anti-cancer drugs in combatting the emergence of drug resistance and overcoming the limited efficacy of current standard treatment. This review aims to summarize the anti-cancer mechanisms of icariin and its derivatives with reference to the published literature. The currently utilized applications of icariin and its derivatives in cancer treatment are explored with reference to existing patents. Based on the data compiled, icariin and its derivatives are shown to be compounds with tremendous potential for the development of new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia; Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia; Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand; Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Acharaporn Duangjai
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand; Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia; Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia; Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
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Synthesis and cancer cell growth inhibitory activity of icaritin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 100:139-50. [PMID: 26079090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of icaritin derivatives bearing carboxylic acid or carboxylic ester groups are synthesized, and their in vitro cytotoxic activity against three cancer cell lines, MCF-7, MDA-MB-435s, and A549, are evaluated by MTT assay. Several derivatives including 2h, 2j, 5b and 5d show higher cytotoxic activity than the parent compound icaritin against these cancer cell lines. Compounds 5b and 5d are even more cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells than the clinic drug tamoxifen. Moreover, compound 5b is found to be non-toxic to normal cells (Vero) and both 5b and 5d exhibit good selectivity towards estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells over estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB-435s breast cancer cells. The structure activity relationship analysis has revealed that mono-substitution at either C-3 or C-7 hydroxyl group of icaritin could improve the cytotoxicity of icaritin, and the C-3 hydroxyl group may be a preferable site for chemical modification. In addition, the length, the flexibility and the additional branching substituent group of the substitution chain(s) at both C-3 and C-7 hydroxyl groups can all affect the anti-cancer activity of these derivatives.
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16
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Baohuoside I production through enzyme hydrolysis and parameter optimization by using response surface and subset selection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Wink M, Ashour ML, El-Readi MZ. Secondary Metabolites from Plants Inhibiting ABC Transporters and Reversing Resistance of Cancer Cells and Microbes to Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Agents. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:130. [PMID: 22536197 PMCID: PMC3332394 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal, bacterial, and cancer cells can develop resistance against antifungal, antibacterial, or anticancer agents. Mechanisms of resistance are complex and often multifactorial. Mechanisms include: (1) Activation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-gp, which pump out lipophilic compounds that have entered a cell, (2) Activation of cytochrome p450 oxidases which can oxidize lipophilic agents to make them more hydrophilic and accessible for conjugation reaction with glucuronic acid, sulfate, or amino acids, and (3) Activation of glutathione transferase, which can conjugate xenobiotics. This review summarizes the evidence that secondary metabolites (SM) of plants, such as alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids can interfere with ABC transporters in cancer cells, parasites, bacteria, and fungi. Among the active natural products several lipophilic terpenoids [monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes (including saponins), steroids (including cardiac glycosides), and tetraterpenes] but also some alkaloids (isoquinoline, protoberberine, quinoline, indole, monoterpene indole, and steroidal alkaloids) function probably as competitive inhibitors of P-gp, multiple resistance-associated protein 1, and Breast cancer resistance protein in cancer cells, or efflux pumps in bacteria (NorA) and fungi. More polar phenolics (phenolic acids, flavonoids, catechins, chalcones, xanthones, stilbenes, anthocyanins, tannins, anthraquinones, and naphthoquinones) directly inhibit proteins forming several hydrogen and ionic bonds and thus disturbing the 3D structure of the transporters. The natural products may be interesting in medicine or agriculture as they can enhance the activity of active chemotherapeutics or pesticides or even reverse multidrug resistance, at least partially, of adapted and resistant cells. If these SM are applied in combination with a cytotoxic or antimicrobial agent, they may reverse resistance in a synergistic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Jin X, Zhang Z, Sun E, Li S, Jia X. Statistically designed enzymatic hydrolysis of an icariin/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex optimized for production of icaritin. Acta Pharm Sin B 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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Chen SR, Xu XZ, Wang YH, Chen JW, Xu SW, Gu LQ, Liu PQ. Icariin Derivative Inhibits Inflammation through Suppression of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor-.KAPPA.B Pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1307-13. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Rui Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Xiang-Zhen Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Yu-Hua Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Jian-Wen Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Suo-Wen Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Lian-Quan Gu
- Laboratory of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Pei-Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University
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