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He Y, Zhou J, Gao H, Liu C, Zhan P, Liu X. Broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: Host-targeting antivirals against emerging and re-emerging viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116069. [PMID: 38160620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most prevalent diseases that pose a significant threat to human health. Targeting viral proteins or host factors represents two primary strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. In contrast to virus-targeting antivirals (VTAs), host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) offer advantages in terms of overcoming drug resistance and effectively combating a wide range of viruses, including newly emerging ones. Therefore, targeting host factors emerges as an extremely promising strategy with the potential to address critical challenges faced by VTAs. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the discovery and development of HTAs, leading to the approval of maraviroc, a chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist used for the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals, with several other potential treatments in various stages of development for different viral infections. This review systematically summarizes advancements made in medicinal chemistry regarding various host targets and classifies them into four distinct catagories based on their involvement in the viral life cycle: virus attachment and entry, biosynthesis, nuclear import and export, and viral release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Huizhan Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
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2
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Shokoohian M, Hazeri N, Maghsoodlou M, Lashkari M. Multi-component Reaction Synthesis of 1,6-diamino-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles Using Ultrasonication and Dmap as Catalyst. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2019. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2019.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Griggs SD, Tape DT, Clarke PA. Strategies for the synthesis of spiropiperidines - a review of the last 10 years. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6620-6633. [PMID: 29993083 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Spiropiperidines have gained in popularity in drug discovery programmes as medicinal chemists explore new areas of three-dimensional chemical space. This review focuses on the methodology used for the construction of 2-, 3- and 4-spiropiperidines, covering the literature from the last 10 years. It classifies the synthesis of each of the types of spiropiperidine by synthetic strategy: the formation of the spiro-ring on a preformed piperidine ring, and the formation of the piperidine ring on a preformed carbo- or heterocyclic ring. While 3- and 4-spiropiperidines are predominantly synthesised for drug discovery projects, 2-spiropiperidines are synthesised en route to natural products. The lack of 2-spiropiperidines in drug discovery is presumably due to limited general procedures for their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Griggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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4
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Peng P, Chen H, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Li J, Luo RH, Wang J, Chen L, Yang LM, Jiang H, Xie X, Wu B, Zheng YT, Liu H. Structure-Based Design of 1-Heteroaryl-1,3-propanediamine Derivatives as a Novel Series of CC-Chemokine Receptor 5 Antagonists. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9621-9636. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Peng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liu-Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Xie
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beili Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Buqué A, Bloy N, Aranda F, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Fucikova J, Galon J, Spisek R, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch-Small molecules targeting the immunological tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1149674. [PMID: 27471617 PMCID: PMC4938376 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1149674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressing malignancies establish robust immunosuppressive networks that operate both systemically and locally. In particular, as tumors escape immunosurveillance, they recruit increasing amounts of myeloid and lymphoid cells that exert pronounced immunosuppressive effects. These cells not only prevent the natural recognition of growing neoplasms by the immune system, but also inhibit anticancer immune responses elicited by chemo-, radio- and immuno therapeutic interventions. Throughout the past decade, multiple strategies have been devised to counteract the accumulation or activation of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cells for therapeutic purposes. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical advances on the use of small molecules that target the immunological tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. These agents include inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase 1 (IDO1), prostaglandin E2, and specific cytokine receptors, as well as modulators of intratumoral purinergic signaling and arginine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, U970, Paris, France
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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Acetic acid-promoted eco-friendly one-pot pseudo six-component synthesis of bis-spiro-substituted piperidines. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Skerlj R, Bridger G, Zhou Y, Bourque E, McEachern E, Metz M, Harwig C, Li TS, Yang W, Bogucki D, Zhu Y, Langille J, Veale D, Ba T, Bey M, Baird I, Kaller A, Krumpak M, Leitch D, Satori M, Vocadlo K, Guay D, Nan S, Yee H, Crawford J, Chen G, Wilson T, Carpenter B, Gauthier D, Macfarland R, Mosi R, Bodart V, Wong R, Fricker S, Schols D. Design of substituted imidazolidinylpiperidinylbenzoic acids as chemokine receptor 5 antagonists: potent inhibitors of R5 HIV-1 replication. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8049-65. [PMID: 24090135 DOI: 10.1021/jm401101p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The redesign of the previously reported thiophene-3-yl-methyl urea series, as a result of potential cardiotoxicity, was successfully accomplished, resulting in the identification of a novel potent series of CCR5 antagonists containing the imidazolidinylpiperidinyl scaffold. The main redesign criteria were to reduce the number of rotatable bonds and to maintain an acceptable lipophilicity to mitigate hERG inhibition. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) that was developed was used to identify compounds with the best pharmacological profile to inhibit HIV-1. As a result, five advanced compounds, 6d, 6e, 6i, 6h, and 6k, were further evaluated for receptor selectivity, antiviral activity against CCR5 using (R5) HIV-1 clinical isolates, and in vitro and in vivo safety. On the basis of these results, 6d and 6h were selected for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Skerlj
- LGCR Unit, Sanofi , 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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8
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Lee CW, Lira R, Dutra J, Ogilvie K, O’Neill BT, Brodney M, Helal C, Young J, Lachapelle E, Sakya S, Murray JC. Stereoselective Synthesis of Spiropiperidines as BACE-1 Aspartyl Protease Inhibitors via Late Stage N-Arylation of a 1,8-Diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one Pharmacophore. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2661-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400016m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wah Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Ricardo Lira
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Jason Dutra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Kevin Ogilvie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Brian T. O’Neill
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Michael Brodney
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Christopher Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Joseph Young
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Erik Lachapelle
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Subas Sakya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - John C. Murray
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
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9
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Misner DL, Frantz C, Guo L, Gralinski MR, Senese PB, Ly J, Albassam M, Kolaja KL. Investigation of mechanism of drug-induced cardiac injury and torsades de pointes in cynomolgus monkeys. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2771-86. [PMID: 22029876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Drug candidates must be thoroughly investigated for their potential cardiac side effects. During the course of routine toxicological assessment, the compound RO5657, a CCR5 antagonist, was discovered to have the rare liability of inducing torsades de pointes (polymorphic ventricular arrhythmia) in normal, healthy animals. Studies were conducted to determine the molecular mechanism of this arrhythmia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Toxicological effects of repeat dosing were assessed in naïve monkeys. Cardiovascular effects were determined in conscious telemetry-implanted monkeys (repeat dosing) and anaesthetized instrumented dogs (single doses). Mechanistic studies were performed in guinea-pig isolated hearts and in cells recombinantly expressing human cardiac channels. KEY RESULTS In cynomolgus monkeys, RO5657 caused a low incidence of myocardial degeneration and a greater incidence of ECG abnormalities including prolonged QT/QTc intervals, QRS complex widening and supraventricular tachycardia. In telemetry-implanted monkeys, RO5657 induced arrhythmias, including torsades de pointes and in one instance, degeneration to fatal ventricular fibrillation. RO5657 also depressed both heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), with no histological evidence of myocardial degeneration. In the anaesthetized dog and guinea-pig isolated heart studies, RO5657 induced similar cardiovascular effects. RO5657 also inhibited Kv11.1 and sodium channel currents. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The molecular mechanism of RO5657 is hypothesized to be due to inhibition of cardiac sodium and Kv11.1 potassium channels. These results indicate that RO5657 is arrhythymogenic due to decreased haemodynamic function (HR/BP), decreased conduction and inhibition of multiple cardiac channels, which precede and are probably the causative factors in the observed myocardial degeneration.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- David J St Jean
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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11
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Metz M, Bourque E, Labrecque J, Danthi SJ, Langille J, Harwig C, Yang W, Darkes MC, Lau G, Santucci Z, Bridger GJ, Schols D, Fricker SP, Skerlj RT. Prospective CCR5 small molecule antagonist compound design using a combined mutagenesis/modeling approach. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16477-85. [PMID: 21942640 DOI: 10.1021/ja2043722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The viral resistance of marketed antiviral drugs including the emergence of new viral resistance of the only marketed CCR5 entry inhibitor, maraviroc, makes it necessary to develop new CCR5 allosteric inhibitors. A mutagenesis/modeling approach was used (a) to remove the potential hERG liability in an otherwise very promising series of compounds and (b) to design a new class of compounds with an unique mutant fingerprint profile depending on residues in the N-terminus and the extracellular loop 2. On the basis of residues, which were identified by mutagenesis as key interaction sites, binding modes of compounds were derived and utilized for compound design in a prospective manner. The compounds were then synthesized, and in vitro evaluation not only showed that they had good antiviral potency but also fulfilled the requirement of low hERG inhibition, a criterion necessary because a potential approved drug would be administered chronically. This work utilized an interdisciplinary approach including medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, and computational chemistry merging the structural requirements for potency with the requirements of an acceptable in vitro profile for allosteric CCR5 inhibitors. The obtained mutant fingerprint profiles of CCR5 inhibitors were used to translate the CCR5 allosteric binding site into a general pharmacophore, which can be used for discovering new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Metz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Genzyme Corporation, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
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12
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HIV microbicides: state-of-the-art and new perspectives on the development of entry inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:1141-59. [PMID: 21426161 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of HIV at the beginning of the 1980s, numerous efforts have been devoted to the search of an efficient vaccine. There are at least 25 drugs available for HIV treatment, but no cure is available. The observation that therapy for HIV disease is life long and that these drugs are associated with a number of side effects underlines the need for approaches aimed at preventing rather than treating infection. Additionally, the economic burden of treatment for the HIV infection occupies an increasing share of healthcare expenditure, making current practices likely to become difficult to sustain in the long run. Unfortunately, no effective vaccine for this disease is foreseeable in the near future. Microbicides could be an alternate way to build preventative approaches to HIV infection. Strategies based on preventing the virus from reaching its target cells seem to have some room for development and application. In this review we explore the state-of-the-art of available microbicides, focusing on HIV entry inhibitors. In addition, we discuss new compounds that show anti-HIV activity, which could be effective candidates.
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13
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Guo L, Abrams RMC, Babiarz JE, Cohen JD, Kameoka S, Sanders MJ, Chiao E, Kolaja KL. Estimating the risk of drug-induced proarrhythmia using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Sci 2011; 123:281-9. [PMID: 21693436 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved in vitro systems for predicting drug-induced toxicity are needed in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries to decrease late-stage drug attrition. One unmet need is an early screen for cardiotoxicity, which accounts for about one third of safety-based withdrawn pharmaceuticals. Herein, the first published report of a high-throughput functional assay employing a monolayer of beating human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) is described, detailing a model that accurately detects drug-induced cardiac abnormalities. Using 96-well plates with interdigitated electrode arrays that assess impedance, the rhythmic, synchronous contractions of the iPSC-CMs were detected. Treatment of the iPSC-CMs with 28 different compounds with known cardiac effects resulted in compound-specific changes in the beat rate and/or the amplitude of the impedance measurement. Changes in impedance for the compounds tested were comparable with the results from a related technology, electric field potential assessment obtained from microelectrode arrays. Using the results from the set of compounds, an index of drug-induced arrhythmias was calculated, enabling the determination of a drug's proarrhythmic potential. This system of interrogating human cardiac function in vitro opens new opportunities for predicting cardiac toxicity and studying cardiac biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Early and Investigative Safety, Nonclinical Safety, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA
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14
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N-Boc 4-nitropiperidine: preparation and conversion into a spiropiperidine analogue of the eastern part of maraviroc. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Yang H, Rotstein DM. Novel CCR5 antagonists for the treatment of HIV infection: a review of compounds patented in 2006 - 2008. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:325-54. [PMID: 20180619 DOI: 10.1517/13543770903575674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The HIV/AIDS epidemic and the resultant therapeutic efforts have continued to evolve over the last several years. The continued challenges in vaccine development, the growing longevity of the patient population and the emergence of resistant strains to current highly active antiretroviral therapy necessitate the development of new, effective therapeutics which target novel mechanism of actions. CCR5, a member of the GPCR superfamily, plays a key role as a co-receptor during the HIV viral entry process. The utility of CCR5 antagonists in the clinical setting has been validated, culminating in the launch of maraviroc (Selzentry by Pfizer (New York, NY, USA) in 2007. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review covers patent applications for small-molecule CCR5 selective antagonists published between 2006 and 2008 and related literature, with a focus on the treatment of HIV infection. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain information on patent literature from 2006 to 2008 on CCR5 antagonists for the treatment of HIV infection. TAKE HOME MESSAGE A variety of new chemotypes have emerged over this period. These efforts support the potential to develop the next generation of CCR5 antagonists for the treatment of HIV with improved potency, tolerability and convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbiao Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Palo Alto LLC, 3431 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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16
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Rotstein DM, Gabriel SD, Manser N, Filonova L, Padilla F, Sankuratri S, Ji C, deRosier A, Dioszegi M, Heilek G, Jekle A, Weller P, Berry P. Synthesis, SAR and evaluation of [1,4']-bipiperidinyl-4-yl-imidazolidin-2-one derivatives as novel CCR5 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3219-22. [PMID: 20457517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Elaboration of our previously disclosed spiropiperidine template led to the development of a series of novel CCR5 antagonists. Results of SAR exploration and preliminary lead characterization are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Rotstein
- Roche Palo Alto LLC, 3431 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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17
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Novel hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole CCR5 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3116-9. [PMID: 20417098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Starting with a high-throughput screening lead, a novel series of CCR5 antagonists was developed utilizing an information-based approach. Improvement of pharmacokinetic properties for the series was pursued by SAR exploration of the lead template. The synthesis, SAR and biological profiles of the series are described.
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Lemoine RC, Petersen AC, Setti L, Chen L, Wanner J, Jekle A, Heilek G, deRosier A, Ji C, Rotstein DM. Evaluation of a 4-aminopiperidine replacement in several series of CCR5 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1830-3. [PMID: 20176481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bicyclic 5-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes were shown to be effective replacements for the conformationally restricted 4-aminopiperidine ring found in several series of CCR5 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy C Lemoine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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