1
|
Singla RK, Dhir V, Madaan R, Kumar D, Singh Bola S, Bansal M, Kumar S, Dubey AK, Singla S, Shen B. The Genus Alternanthera: Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:769111. [PMID: 35479320 PMCID: PMC9036189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.769111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) comprises 139 species including 14 species used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments such as hypertension, pain, inflammation, diabetes, cancer, microbial and mental disorders. Aim of the review: To search research gaps through critical assessment of pharmacological activities not performed to validate traditional claims of various species of Alternanthera. This review will aid natural product researchers in identifying Alternanthera species with therapeutic potential for future investigation. Materials and methods: Scattered raw data on ethnopharmacological, morphological, phytochemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical studies of various species of the genus Alternanthera have been compiled utilizing search engines like SciFinder, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Open J-Gate for 100 years up to April 2021. Results: Few species of Alternanthera genus have been exhaustively investigated phytochemically, and about 129 chemical constituents related to different classes such as flavonoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds have been isolated from 9 species. Anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, CNS depressive, antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulator effects have been explored in the twelve species of the genus. A toxicity study has been conducted on 3 species and a clinical study on 2 species. Conclusions: The available literature on pharmacological studies of Alternanthera species reveals that few species have been selected based on ethnobotanical surveys for scientific validation of their traditional claims. But most of these studies have been conducted on uncharacterized and non-standardized crude extracts. A roadmap of research needs to be developed for the isolation of new bioactive compounds from Alternanthera species, which can emerge out as clinically potential medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Dhir
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India
- *Correspondence: Bairong Shen, ; Reecha Madaan,
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Civil Hospital, Rampura Phul, India
| | - Simranjit Singh Bola
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Monika Bansal
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | | | - Shailja Singla
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Bairong Shen, ; Reecha Madaan,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Quercetin Hybrids—Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Radical Scavenging Potential. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New quercetin-based derivatives are synthesized in an easily accessible one-pot manner. The method is based on the reaction of quercetin with in situ formed electrophilic N-alkoxycarbonylazolium ions. The position of the newly formed C-C bond and structure were spectrally characterized by 1D, 2D 1H, 13C-NMR, IR, and MS analysis. Thus, in all cases, good regioselectivity in the C-8 position for the obtained products was demonstrated. The obtained compounds were evaluated for their DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity and compared to natural compounds—quercetin and rutin.
Collapse
|
3
|
Palmieri A, Bassetti B, Ballini R, Ciceri D, Allegrini P. A Practical and Efficient Conversion of Luteolin into Luteoloside. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1531-2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA new practical and efficient preparation of the flavonoid luteoloside is reported in an excellent overall yield of 40% via a four-step synthetic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palmieri
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Sciences and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino
| | - Benedetta Bassetti
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Sciences and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino
| | - Roberto Ballini
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Sciences and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Puksasook T, Kimura S, Tadtong S, Jiaranaikulwanitch J, Pratuangdejkul J, Kitphati W, Suwanborirux K, Saito N, Nukoolkarn V. Semisynthesis and biological evaluation of prenylated resveratrol derivatives as multi-targeted agents for Alzheimer's disease. J Nat Med 2017; 71:665-682. [PMID: 28600778 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of prenylated resveratrol derivatives were designed, semisynthesized and biologically evaluated for inhibition of β-secretase (BACE1) and amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation as well as free radical scavenging and neuroprotective and neuritogenic activities, as potential novel multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results showed that compound 4b exhibited good anti-Aβ aggregation (IC50 = 4.78 µM) and antioxidant activity (IC50 = 41.22 µM) and moderate anti-BACE1 inhibitory activity (23.70% at 50 µM), and could be a lead compound. Moreover, this compound showed no neurotoxicity along with a greater ability to inhibit oxidative stress on P19-derived neuronal cells (50.59% cell viability at 1 nM). The neuritogenic activity presented more branching numbers (9.33) and longer neurites (109.74 µm) than the control, and was comparable to the quercetin positive control. Taken together, these results suggest compound 4b had the greatest multifunctional activities and might be a very promising lead compound for the further development of drugs for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanchanok Puksasook
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Sarin Tadtong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand
| | - Jutamas Jiaranaikulwanitch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Pratuangdejkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Worawan Kitphati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Khanit Suwanborirux
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Bioactive Natural Products from Marine Organisms and Endophytic Fungi (BNPME), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Naoki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Veena Nukoolkarn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee YH, Kim HJ, Yoo H, Jung SY, Kwon BJ, Kim NJ, Jin C, Lee YS. Synthesis of (2-amino)ethyl derivatives of quercetin 3-O-methyl ether and their antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4970-4979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
6
|
Kim HJ, Kim SH, Lee YH, Kim DW, Mo K, Kim HJ, Park SH, Jin C, Kim NJ, Lee YS. Synthesis of 4-(2-Amino)ethoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxychalcones and Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects on Human Tumor Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Ja Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Future Convergence Research Division; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Future Convergence Research Division; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Young Hun Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Kilwoong Mo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Park
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Changbae Jin
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Future Convergence Research Division; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bellavite P, Marzotto M, Olioso D, Moratti E, Conforti A. High-dilution effects revisited. 2. Pharmacodynamic mechanisms. HOMEOPATHY 2014; 103:22-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
Food-derived flavonoid quercetin, widely distributed in onions, apples, and tea, is able to inhibit growth of various cancer cells indicating that this compound can be considered as a good candidate for anticancer therapy. Although the exact mechanism of this action is not thoroughly understood, behaving as antioxidant and/or prooxidant as well as modulating different intracellular signalling cascades may all play a certain role. Such inhibitory activity of quercetin has been shown to depend first of all on cell lines and cancer types; however, no comprehensive site-specific analysis of this effect has been published. In this review article, cytotoxicity constants of quercetin measured in various human malignant cell lines of different origin were compiled from literature and a clear cancer selective action was demonstrated. The most sensitive malignant sites for quercetin revealed to be cancers of blood, brain, lung, uterine, and salivary gland as well as melanoma whereas cytotoxic activity was higher in more aggressive cells compared to the slowly growing cells showing that the most harmful cells for the organism are probably targeted. More research is needed to overcome the issues of poor water solubility and relatively low bioavailability of quercetin as the major obstacles limiting its clinical use.
Collapse
|
9
|
Natural products inspired synthesis of neuroprotective agents against H2O2-induced cell death. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1232-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Li C, Kim JH, Kim YW. α-Thioglycoligase-based synthesis of O-aryl α-glycosides as chromogenic substrates for α-glycosidases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
11
|
Keddy PGW, Dunlop K, Warford J, Samson ML, Jones QRD, Rupasinghe HPV, Robertson GS. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of the flavonoid-enriched fraction AF4 in a mouse model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51324. [PMID: 23251498 PMCID: PMC3520852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a flavonoid-enriched fraction isolated from the peel of Northern Spy apples (AF4) in a mouse of model of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage. Oral administration of AF4 (50 mg/kg, once daily for 3 days) prior to 50 min of HI completely prevented motor performance deficits assessed 14 days later that were associated with marked reductions in neuronal cell loss in the dorsal hippocampus and striatum. Pre-treatment with AF4 (5, 10, 25 or 50 mg/kg, p.o.; once daily for 3 days) produced a dose-dependent reduction in HI-induced hippocampal and striatal neuron cell loss, with 25 mg/kg being the lowest dose that achieved maximal neuroprotection. Comparison of the effects of 1, 3 or 7 doses of AF4 (25 mg/kg; p.o.) prior to HI revealed that at least 3 doses of AF4 were required before HI to reduce neuronal cell loss in both the dorsal hippocampus and striatum. Quantitative RT-PCR measurements revealed that the neuroprotective effects of AF4 (25 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily for 3 days) in the dorsal hippocampus were associated with a suppression of HI-induced increases in the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. AF4 pre-treatment enhanced mRNA levels for pro-survival proteins such as X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and erythropoietin following HI in the dorsal hippocampus and striatum, respectively. Primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons incubated with AF4 (1 µg/ml), but not the same concentrations of either quercetin or quercetin-3-O-glucose or its metabolites, were resistant to cell death induced by oxygen glucose deprivation. These findings suggest that the inhibition of HI-induced brain injury produced by AF4 likely involves a transcriptional mechanism resulting from the co-operative actions of various phenolics in this fraction which not only reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators but also enhance pro-survival gene signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. W. Keddy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kate Dunlop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jordan Warford
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michel L. Samson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Quinton R. D. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - George S. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim SH, Kim HJ, Jin CB, Lee YS. Synthesis of 7-O-(2-Amino)ethyl Flavones and Their Antioxidant Activities. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.5.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Li J, Mottamal M, Li H, Liu K, Zhu F, Cho YY, Sosa CP, Zhou K, Bowden GT, Bode AM, Dong Z. Quercetin-3-methyl ether suppresses proliferation of mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cells by targeting ERKs. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:459-65. [PMID: 22139441 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoprevention has been acknowledged as an important and practical strategy for the management of skin cancer. Quercetin-3-methyl ether, a naturally occurring compound present in various plants, has potent anticancer-promoting activity. We identified this compound by in silico virtual screening of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database using extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) as the target protein. Here, we showed that quercetin-3-methyl ether inhibited proliferation of mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner by inducing cell cycle G(2)-M phase accumulation. It also suppressed 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced neoplastic cell transformation in a dose-dependent manner. Its inhibitory effect was greater than quercetin. The activation of activator protein-1 was dose-dependently suppressed by quercetin-3-methyl ether treatment. Western blot and kinase assay data revealed that quercetin-3-methyl ether inhibited ERKs kinase activity and attenuated phosphorylation of ERKs. Pull-down assays revealed that quercetin-3-methyl ether directly binds with ERKs. Furthermore, a loss-of-function ERK2 mutation inhibited the effectiveness of the quercetin-3-methyl ether. Overall, these results indicated that quercetin-3-methyl ether exerts potent chemopreventive activity by targeting ERKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jixia Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Synthesis of cinnamoyl ketoamides as hybrid structures of antioxidants and calpain inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2850-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
15
|
Liu Q, Li W, Guo T, Li D, Fan Z, Yan S. Efficient Synthesis of a Bisglycosyl Kaempferol fromFagonia taeckholmiana. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
16
|
Kim SH, Lee YH, Jung SY, Kim HJ, Jin C, Lee YS. Synthesis of chromone carboxamide derivatives with antioxidative and calpain inhibitory properties. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1721-8. [PMID: 21397369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The overactivation of μ-calpain can cause serious cell damage in several diseases. Furthermore, cell death in a number of neurodegenerative disorders is linked to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, antioxidants and μ-calpain inhibitors could have the therapeutic potentials to treat cell death related diseases. New chromone carboxamide derivatives 3 were synthesized to provide alternative μ-calpain inhibitors to compound 2, a conformationally constrained structural variant of MDL 28,170. Compounds 3h and 3l exhibited the most potent μ-calpain inhibitory activities (IC50=0.09-0.10 μM), and were comparable to 2 in this respect (IC50=0.07 μM). Compound 3i showed both potent μ-calpain inhibitory activity (IC50=0.28 μM) and antioxidant activities in DPPH scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu L, Ma H, Yang N, Tang Y, Guo J, Tao W, Duan J. A series of natural flavonoids as thrombin inhibitors: structure-activity relationships. Thromb Res 2010; 126:e365-78. [PMID: 20828797 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of natural flavonoids has been evaluated as potential inhibitors of thrombin using the optimized method of thrombin time. Myricetin and quercetin have shown to be the best thrombin inhibitors tested. In order to investigate the thrombin recognition of the most active and selective compounds, a molecular modeling study has been performed using available Protein Data Bank (PDB) structures as receptor models for docking experiments. Structure-activity relationships of flavonoids (SARs) on thrombin would facilitate the design of chemical compounds with higher potency to serve as potential thrombin inhibitors, and provide information for the exploitation and utilization of flavonoids as thrombin inhibitors for thrombotic disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for TCM Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu L, Duan JA, Tang YP, Ma HY, Su SL, Guo JM, Hua YQ. The protective effects of the active fraction of Shaofu Zhuyu decoction on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury in vascular smooth muscle cells. Molecules 2010; 15:5066-78. [PMID: 20714285 PMCID: PMC6257770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15085066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the protective effects of the active fraction (SF-7) from Shaofu Zhuyu decoction (SFZYD) were tested on a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) oxidative injury model. This active fraction (SF-7) shows potent antioxidant properties. The cell viability and oxidative damage markers of VSMCs were determined after exposure to H2O2 for 16 hours. It was observed that SF-7 significantly increased cell survival and reduced apoptosis of H2O2-injured VSMCs. Moreover, SF-7 could markedly increase intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in H2O2-injured VSMCs, and suppress the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Thus, SF-7 exhibits protective effects against H2O2-injury on VSMCs, which may be associated with its antioxidant properties. It is suggested that SF may be useful in the treatment of blood stasis syndrome in which oxidative injury is mainly implicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Ao Duan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-25-85811916; Fax: +86-25-85811916
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Montaña MP, Massad WA, Criado S, Biasutti A, García NA. Stability of Flavonoids in the Presence of Riboflavin-photogenerated Reactive Oxygen Species: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study on Quercetin, Morin and Rutin. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:827-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|