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He Y, Zhou J, Gao H, Liu C, Zhan P, Liu X. Broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: Host-targeting antivirals against emerging and re-emerging viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116069. [PMID: 38160620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most prevalent diseases that pose a significant threat to human health. Targeting viral proteins or host factors represents two primary strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. In contrast to virus-targeting antivirals (VTAs), host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) offer advantages in terms of overcoming drug resistance and effectively combating a wide range of viruses, including newly emerging ones. Therefore, targeting host factors emerges as an extremely promising strategy with the potential to address critical challenges faced by VTAs. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the discovery and development of HTAs, leading to the approval of maraviroc, a chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist used for the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals, with several other potential treatments in various stages of development for different viral infections. This review systematically summarizes advancements made in medicinal chemistry regarding various host targets and classifies them into four distinct catagories based on their involvement in the viral life cycle: virus attachment and entry, biosynthesis, nuclear import and export, and viral release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Huizhan Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
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2
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Hu JS, He YP, Zhou FG, Wu PP, Chen LY, Ni C, Zhang ZK, Xiao XJ, An LK, He XX, Zhang CX. New Indole Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from Soft Coral-Associated Epiphytic Fungus Aspergillus versicolor CGF 9-1-2. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300301. [PMID: 37097072 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Two new indole diketopiperazine alkaloids (IDAs), (+)19-epi-sclerotiamide (1) and (-)19-epi-sclerotiamide (2), along with 13 known analogs (3-15), were isolated from a soft coral-associated epiphytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor CGF 9-1-2. The structures of two new compounds were established based on the combination of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, optical rotation measurements and quantum chemical 13 C-NMR, the absolute configurations were determined by experimental and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The results of molecular docking showed that all the compounds had a good binding with TDP1, TDP2, TOP1, TOP2, Ache, NLRP3, EGFR, EGFR L858R, EGFR T790M and EGFR T790/L858. Biological evaluation of compounds 3, 6, 8, 11 showed that 3 exerted a strong inhibitory effect on TDP2 with a rate of 81.72 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- The First Compulsory Isolated Detoxification Center of Shenzhen, Municipal Bureau of Justice, Shenzhen, 518024, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Pei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Guo Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ping-Ping Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Le-Yi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Ji Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Kun An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Xin He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Cui-Xian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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3
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Wei X, Feng C, Wang SY, Zhang DM, Li XH, Zhang CX. New Indole Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from Soft Coral-Associated Epiphytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. EGF 15-0-3. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000106. [PMID: 32212241 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three new indole diketopiperazine alkaloids, 11-methylneoechinulin E and variecolorin M, and (+)-variecolorin G, along with 12 known analogs, were isolated from a soft coral-associated epiphytic fungus Aspergillus sp. EGF 15-0-3. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously established by extensive spectroscopic analyses including HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and optical rotation measurements. The absolute configurations of (+)- and (-)-variecolorin G were determined by experimental and quantum-chemical ECD investigations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Variecolorin G is a pair of enantiomeric mixtures with a ratio of 1 : 2. Moreover, (+)-neoechinulin A is firstly reported as a natural product. The cytotoxic activities of all the isolated compounds against NCI-H1975 gefitinib resistance (NCI-H1975/GR) cell lines were preliminarily evaluated by MTT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chan Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Cui-Xian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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4
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Huang YM, Alharbi NS, Sun B, Shantharam CS, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. Synthetic routes and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of anti-HIV agents: A key review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111566. [PMID: 31401538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increase of AIDS, an epidemic infection in constant development has an essential and still requires potent antiretroviral chemotherapeutic agents for reducing the integer of deaths caused by HIV. Thus, there is an urgent need for new anti-HIV drug candidates with increased strength, new targets, superior pharmacokinetic properties, and compact side effects. From this viewpoint, we first review present strategies of anti-HIV drug innovation and the synthesis of heterocyclic or natural compound as anti-HIV agents for facilitating the development of more influential and successful anti-HIV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Njud S Alharbi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Deportment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - C S Shantharam
- Department of Chemistry, Pooja Bhagavath Memorial Mahajana Education Centre, Mysuru, 570016, Karnataka, India
| | - K P Rakesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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5
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Peng P, Chen H, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Li J, Luo RH, Wang J, Chen L, Yang LM, Jiang H, Xie X, Wu B, Zheng YT, Liu H. Structure-Based Design of 1-Heteroaryl-1,3-propanediamine Derivatives as a Novel Series of CC-Chemokine Receptor 5 Antagonists. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9621-9636. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Peng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liu-Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Xie
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beili Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Pan YW, Guo CW, Tu HY, Tsai CW, Cheng WC. Solid-phase synthesis of diverse spiroisoxazolinodiketopiperazines. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2013; 15:425-34. [PMID: 23889462 DOI: 10.1021/co4000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A convenient, efficient protocol to prepare diverse spiroisoxazolino-diketopiperazines via a parallel solid-supported synthesis was developed. The key steps are (1) a coupling reaction of an amino acid; (2) tosylation with concomitant β-elimination to form an α, β-unsaturated ester; (3) a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with an oxime to form isoxazoline rings; and (4) cyclic cleavage to release the product from the resin. All reaction steps and workup procedures were modified to allow the use of automated or semiautomated equipment. A 100-member demonstration library with two diversity sites was prepared in good purity and acceptable overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Pan
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Guo
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yao Tu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Tsai
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Cheng
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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7
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Borthwick AD. 2,5-Diketopiperazines: synthesis, reactions, medicinal chemistry, and bioactive natural products. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3641-716. [PMID: 22575049 DOI: 10.1021/cr200398y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Metz M, Bourque E, Labrecque J, Danthi SJ, Langille J, Harwig C, Yang W, Darkes MC, Lau G, Santucci Z, Bridger GJ, Schols D, Fricker SP, Skerlj RT. Prospective CCR5 small molecule antagonist compound design using a combined mutagenesis/modeling approach. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16477-85. [PMID: 21942640 DOI: 10.1021/ja2043722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The viral resistance of marketed antiviral drugs including the emergence of new viral resistance of the only marketed CCR5 entry inhibitor, maraviroc, makes it necessary to develop new CCR5 allosteric inhibitors. A mutagenesis/modeling approach was used (a) to remove the potential hERG liability in an otherwise very promising series of compounds and (b) to design a new class of compounds with an unique mutant fingerprint profile depending on residues in the N-terminus and the extracellular loop 2. On the basis of residues, which were identified by mutagenesis as key interaction sites, binding modes of compounds were derived and utilized for compound design in a prospective manner. The compounds were then synthesized, and in vitro evaluation not only showed that they had good antiviral potency but also fulfilled the requirement of low hERG inhibition, a criterion necessary because a potential approved drug would be administered chronically. This work utilized an interdisciplinary approach including medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, and computational chemistry merging the structural requirements for potency with the requirements of an acceptable in vitro profile for allosteric CCR5 inhibitors. The obtained mutant fingerprint profiles of CCR5 inhibitors were used to translate the CCR5 allosteric binding site into a general pharmacophore, which can be used for discovering new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Metz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Genzyme Corporation, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
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9
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HIV microbicides: state-of-the-art and new perspectives on the development of entry inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:1141-59. [PMID: 21426161 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of HIV at the beginning of the 1980s, numerous efforts have been devoted to the search of an efficient vaccine. There are at least 25 drugs available for HIV treatment, but no cure is available. The observation that therapy for HIV disease is life long and that these drugs are associated with a number of side effects underlines the need for approaches aimed at preventing rather than treating infection. Additionally, the economic burden of treatment for the HIV infection occupies an increasing share of healthcare expenditure, making current practices likely to become difficult to sustain in the long run. Unfortunately, no effective vaccine for this disease is foreseeable in the near future. Microbicides could be an alternate way to build preventative approaches to HIV infection. Strategies based on preventing the virus from reaching its target cells seem to have some room for development and application. In this review we explore the state-of-the-art of available microbicides, focusing on HIV entry inhibitors. In addition, we discuss new compounds that show anti-HIV activity, which could be effective candidates.
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10
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Nishizawa R, Nishiyama T, Hisaichi K, Minamoto C, Murota M, Takaoka Y, Nakai H, Tada H, Sagawa K, Shibayama S, Fukushima D, Maeda K, Mitsuya H. Discovery of 4-[4-({(3R)-1-butyl-3-[(R)-cyclohexyl(hydroxy)methyl]-2,5-dioxo-1,4,9-triazaspiro[5.5]undec-9-yl}methyl)phenoxy]benzoic acid hydrochloride: a highly potent orally available CCR5 selective antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4028-42. [PMID: 21658961 PMCID: PMC7604827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Based on the original spirodiketopiperazine design framework, further optimization of an orally available CCR5 antagonist was undertaken. Structural hybridization of the hydroxylated analog 4 derived from one of the oxidative metabolites and the new orally available non-hydroxylated benzoic acid analog 5 resulted in another potent orally available CCR5 antagonist 6a as a clinical candidate. Full details of a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study and ADME properties are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Nishizawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka, Japan.
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11
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Labrecque J, Metz M, Lau G, Darkes MC, Wong RSY, Bogucki D, Carpenter B, Chen G, Li T, Nan S, Schols D, Bridger GJ, Fricker SP, Skerlj RT. HIV-1 entry inhibition by small-molecule CCR5 antagonists: a combined molecular modeling and mutant study using a high-throughput assay. Virology 2011; 413:231-43. [PMID: 21388649 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on the attrition rate of CCR5 small molecule antagonists in the clinic the discovery and development of next generation antagonists with an improved pharmacology and safety profile is necessary. Herein, we describe a combined molecular modeling, CCR5-mediated cell fusion, and receptor site-directed mutagenesis approach to study the molecular interactions of six structurally diverse compounds (aplaviroc, maraviroc, vicriviroc, TAK-779, SCH-C and a benzyloxycarbonyl-aminopiperidin-1-yl-butane derivative) with CCR5, a coreceptor for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 strains. This is the first study using an antifusogenic assay, a model of the interaction of the gp120 envelope protein with CCR5. This assay avoids the use of radioactivity and HIV infection assays, and can be used in a high throughput mode. The assay was validated by comparison with other established CCR5 assays. Given the hydrophobic nature of the binding pocket several binding models are suggested which could prove useful in the rational drug design of new lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Labrecque
- Department of Biology, AnorMED Inc. now Genzyme Corporation, 500 Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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12
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Nishizawa R, Nishiyama T, Hisaichi K, Minamoto C, Matsunaga N, Takaoka Y, Nakai H, Jenkinson S, Kazmierski WM, Tada H, Sagawa K, Shibayama S, Fukushima D, Maeda K, Mitsuya H. Spirodiketopiperazine-based CCR5 antagonist: discovery of an antiretroviral drug candidate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1141-5. [PMID: 21256008 PMCID: PMC7597670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Following the discovery that hydroxylated derivative 3 (Fig. 1) was one of the oxidative metabolites of the original lead 1, it was found that hydroxylated compound 4 possesses higher in vitro anti-HIV potency than the corresponding non-hydroxylated compound 2. Structural hybridation of 4 with the orally available analog 5 resulted in another orally-available spirodiketopiperazine CCR5 antagonist 6a that possesses more favorable pharmaceutical profile for use as a drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Nishizawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8585, Japan.
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13
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Nishizawa R, Nishiyama T, Hisaichi K, Hirai K, Habashita H, Takaoka Y, Tada H, Sagawa K, Shibayama S, Maeda K, Mitsuya H, Nakai H, Fukushima D, Toda M. Discovery of orally available spirodiketopiperazine-based CCR5 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5208-23. [PMID: 20542438 PMCID: PMC7566811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using the previously reported novel spirodiketopiperazine scaffold, the design and synthesis of orally available CCR5 antagonists was undertaken. Compounds possessing a carboxylic acid function in the appropriate position showed improved oral exposure (AUC) relative to the initial chemical leads without reduction in the antagonist activity. The optimized compound 40 was found to show potent anti-HIV activity. Full details of structure-activity relationship (SAR) study are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Nishizawa
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8585, Japan.
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