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Roham PH, Save SN, Sharma S. Human islet amyloid polypeptide: A therapeutic target for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:556-569. [PMID: 36105173 PMCID: PMC9463490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other metabolic disorders are often silent and go unnoticed in patients because of the lack of suitable prognostic and diagnostic markers. The current therapeutic regimens available for managing T2DM do not reverse diabetes; instead, they delay the progression of diabetes. Their efficacy (in principle) may be significantly improved if implemented at earlier stages. The misfolding and aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) or amylin has been associated with a gradual decrease in pancreatic β-cell function and mass in patients with T2DM. Hence, hIAPP has been recognized as a therapeutic target for managing T2DM. This review summarizes hIAPP's role in mediating dysfunction and apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory cytokine secretion, autophagy blockade, etc. Furthermore, it explores the possibility of using intermediates of the hIAPP aggregation pathway as potential drug targets for T2DM management. Finally, the effects of common antidiabetic molecules and repurposed drugs; other hIAPP mimetics and peptides; small organic molecules and natural compounds; nanoparticles, nanobodies, and quantum dots; metals and metal complexes; and chaperones that have demonstrated potential to inhibit and/or reverse hIAPP aggregation and can, therefore, be further developed for managing T2DM have been discussed. Misfolded species of hIAPP form toxic oligomers in pancreatic β-cells. hIAPP amyloids has been detected in the pancreas of about 90% subjects with T2DM. Inhibitors of hIAPP aggregation can help manage T2DM.
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2
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Tang Y, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Gong X, Chang Y, Ren B, Zheng J. Introduction and Fundamentals of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Inhibitors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8286-8308. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Tang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - Yanxian Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - Yonglan Liu
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - Xiong Gong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
| | - Yung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Baiping Ren
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
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3
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Kaur A, Goyal B. Deciphering the Inhibitory Mechanism of hIAPP‐Derived Fragment Peptide Against hIAPP Aggregation in Type 2 Diabetes**. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apneet Kaur
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Patiala- 147004 Punjab India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Patiala- 147004 Punjab India
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Saini RK, Goyal D, Goyal B. Targeting Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation and Toxicity in Type 2 Diabetes: An Overview of Peptide-Based Inhibitors. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2719-2738. [PMID: 33124419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and a progressive loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass, which leads to insufficient secretion of insulin and hyperglycemia. Emerging evidence suggests that toxic oligomers and fibrils of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) contribute to the death of β-cells and lead to T2D pathogenesis. These observations have opened new avenues for the development of islet amyloid therapies for the treatment of T2D. The peptide-based inhibitors are of great value as therapeutic agents against hIAPP aggregation in T2D owing to their biocompatibility, feasibility of synthesis and modification, high specificity, low toxicity, proteolytic stability (modified peptides), and weak immunogenicity as well as the large size of involved interfaces during self-aggregation of hIAPP. An understanding of what has been done and achieved will provide key insights into T2D pathology and assist in the discovery of more potent drug candidates for the treatment of T2D. In this article, we review various peptide-based inhibitors of hIAPP aggregation, including those derived from the hIAPP sequence and those not based on the sequence, consisting of both natural as well as unnatural amino acids and their derivatives. The present review will be beneficial in advancing the field of peptide medicine for the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneet Kaur Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab India
| | - Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab India
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5
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Bolarinwa O, Li C, Khadka N, Li Q, Wang Y, Pan J, Cai J. γ-AApeptides-based Small Molecule Ligands That Disaggregate Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide. Sci Rep 2020; 10:95. [PMID: 31919432 PMCID: PMC6952368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal folding and aggregation of functional proteins into amyloid is a typical feature of many age-related diseases, including Type II diabetes. Growing evidence has revealed that the prevention of aggregate formation in culprit proteins could retard the progression of amyloid diseases. Human Amylin, also known as human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), is the major factor for categorizing Type II diabetes as an amyloid disease. Specifically, hIAPP has a great aggregation potential, which always results in a lethal situation for the pancreas. Many peptide inhibitors have been constructed from the various segments of the full-length hIAPP peptide; however, only a few have their origin from the screening of combinatorial peptidomimetic library. In this study, based on HW-155, which was previously discovered from a one-bead-one compound (OBOC) library to inhibit Aβ40 aggregation, we investigated eight (8) analogues and evaluated their amyloid-prevention capabilities for inhibiting fibrillization of hIAPP. Characterization studies revealed that all analogues of HW-155, as well as HW-155, were effective inhibitors of the fibril formation by hIAPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olapeju Bolarinwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States
| | - Chunpu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Nawal Khadka
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Pan
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States.
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States.
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6
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Xuan Q, He J, Li M, Chai R, Wang C, Wang Y, Wang P. Monomer-targeting affinity peptide inhibitors of amyloid with no self-fibrillation and low cytotoxicity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1633-1636. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08671d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A monomer-targeting strategy based on solution-phase biopanning to obtain peptide inhibitors increases the suppression efficiency and reduces the cytotoxicity of amylin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qize Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Biomedical Nanotechnology Center
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology
- School of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Jiaxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Biomedical Nanotechnology Center
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology
- School of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Ruoshi Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Biomedical Nanotechnology Center
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology
- School of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology
- Peking Union Medical College
| | - Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Biomedical Nanotechnology Center
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology
- School of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering
- University of Minnesota
- St Paul
- USA
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7
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Mao Y, Yu L, Mao M, Ma C, Qu L. Design and study of lipopeptide inhibitors on preventing aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide residues 11-20. J Pept Sci 2017; 24. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yexuan Mao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Mengfan Mao
- College of Chemistry; Chongqing Normal University; Chongqing 400047 China
| | - Chuanguo Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat & Corn Further Processing; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
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8
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New peptide inhibitors modulate the self-assembly of islet amyloid polypeptide residues 11–20 in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 804:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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9
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Zhou S, Wang Q, Ren M, Zhang A, Liu H, Yao X. Molecular dynamics simulation on the inhibition mechanism of peptide-based inhibitor of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) to islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP22-28) oligomers. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:31-39. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health; Macau University of Science and Technology; Taipa Macau China
| | - Mengdan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Ai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health; Macau University of Science and Technology; Taipa Macau China
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10
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Andreasen M, Lorenzen N, Otzen D. Interactions between misfolded protein oligomers and membranes: A central topic in neurodegenerative diseases? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1897-907. [PMID: 25666871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid material has been associated with many different diseases. Although these diseases are very diverse the amyloid material share many common features such as cross-β-sheet structure of the backbone of the proteins deposited. Another common feature of the aggregation process for a wide variety of proteins is the presence of prefibrillar oligomers. These oligomers are linked to the cytotoxicity occurring during the aggregation of proteins. These prefibrillar oligomers interact extensively with lipid membranes and in some cases leads to destabilization of lipid membranes. This interaction is however highly dependent on the nature of both the oligomer and the lipids. Anionic lipids are often required for interaction with the lipid membrane while increased exposure of hydrophobic patches from highly dynamic protein oligomers are structural determinants of cytotoxicity of the oligomers. To explore the oligomer lipid interaction in detail the interaction between oligomers of α-synuclein and the 4th fasciclin-1 domain of TGFBIp with lipid membranes will be examined here. For both proteins the dynamic species are the ones causing membrane destabilization and the membrane interaction is primarily seen when the lipid membranes contain anionic lipids. Hence the dynamic nature of oligomers with exposed hydrophobic patches alongside the presence of anionic lipids could be essential for the cytotoxicity observed for prefibrillar oligomers in general. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andreasen
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Lorenzen
- Department of Protein Biophysics and Formulation, Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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11
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Md. Abdur Rauf S, Arvidsson PI, Albericio F, Govender T, Maguire GEM, Kruger HG, Honarparvar B. The effect of N-methylation of amino acids (Ac-X-OMe) on solubility and conformation: a DFT study. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9993-10006. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01565k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
N-Methylation of amino acid derivatives (Ac-X-OMe, X = Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Phe, Met, Cys, Ser, Asp and His) leads to an increase in aqueous solubility, lipophilicity and lowering of the cis/trans amide conformational energy barrier (EA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Md. Abdur Rauf
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Per I. Arvidsson
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Glenn E. M. Maguire
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Bahareh Honarparvar
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
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12
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Abstract
Amylin is a peptide that aggregates into species that are toxic to pancreatic beta cells, leading to type II diabetes. This study has for the first time quantified amylin association and dissociation kinetics (association constant (ka ) = 28.7 ± 5.1 L mol-1 s-1 and dissociation constant (kd ) = 2.8 ± 0.6 ×10-4 s-1) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Thus far, techniques used for the sizing of amylin aggregates do not cater for the real-time monitoring of unconstrained amylin in solution. In this regard we evaluated recently innovated nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). In addition, both SPR and NTA were used to study the effect of previously synthesized amylin derivatives on amylin aggregation and to evaluate their potential as a cell-free system for screening potential inhibitors of amylin-mediated cytotoxicity. Results obtained from NTA highlighted a predominance of 100-300 nm amylin aggregates and correlation to previously published cytotoxicity results suggests the toxic species of amylin to be 200-300 nm in size. The results seem to indicate that NTA has potential as a new technique to monitor the aggregation potential of amyloid peptides in solution and also to screen potential inhibitors of amylin-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pillay
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Patrick Govender
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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13
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Pillay K, Govender P. A direct fluorescence-based technique for cellular localization of amylin. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 60:384-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pillay
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa
| | - Patrick Govender
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa
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14
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Mascini M, Montesano C, Sergi M, Perez G, De Cicco M, Curini R, Compagnone D. Peptides trapping cocaine: docking simulation and experimental screening by solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in plasma samples. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 772:40-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Amylin uncovered: a review on the polypeptide responsible for type II diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:826706. [PMID: 23607096 PMCID: PMC3626316 DOI: 10.1155/2013/826706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amylin is primarily responsible for classifying type II diabetes as an amyloid (protein misfolding) disease as it has great potential to aggregate into toxic nanoparticles, thereby resulting in loss of pancreatic β-cells. Although type II diabetes is on the increase each year, possibly due to bad eating habits of modern society, research on the culprit for this disease is still in its early days. In addition, unlike the culprit for Alzheimer's disease, amyloid β-peptide, amylin has failed to receive attention worthy of being featured in an abundance of review articles. Thus, the aim of this paper is to shine the spotlight on amylin in an attempt to put it onto the top of researchers' to-do list since the secondary complications of type II diabetes have far-reaching and severe consequences on public health both in developing and fully developed countries alike. This paper will cover characteristics of the amylin aggregates, mechanisms of toxicity, and a particular focus on inhibitors of toxicity and techniques used to assess these inhibitors.
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Cheng B, Gong H, Li X, Sun Y, Chen H, Zhang X, Wu Q, Zheng L, Huang K. Salvianolic acid B inhibits the amyloid formation of human islet amyloid polypeptide and protects pancreatic beta-cells against cytotoxicity. Proteins 2012. [PMID: 23180621 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The misfolding of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is regarded as one of the causative factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), one of the most commonly used of traditional Chinese medicines, is often used in Compound Recipes for treating diabetes, however with unclear mechanisms. Since salvianolic acid B (SalB) is the most abundant bioactive ingredient of salvia miltiorrhiza water-extract. In this study, we tested whether SalB has any effect on the amyloidogenicity of hIAPP. Our results clearly suggest that SalB can significantly inhibit the formation of hIAPP amyloid and disaggregate hIAPP fibrils. Furthermore, photo-crosslinking based oligomerization studies suggest SalB significantly suppresses the toxic oligomerization of hIAPP monomers. Cytotoxicity protection effects on pancreatic INS-1 cells by SalB were also observed using MTT-based assays, potentially due to the inhibition on the membrane disruption effects and attenuated mitochondria impairment induced by hIAPP. These results provide evidence that SalB may further be studied on the possible pharmacological treatment for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Cheng
- Department of Bio-pharmaceutics, Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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17
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Cheng B, Gong H, Li X, Sun Y, Zhang X, Chen H, Liu X, Zheng L, Huang K. Silibinin inhibits the toxic aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:495-9. [PMID: 22366091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), misfolded human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) forms amyloid deposits in pancreatic islets. These amyloid deposits contribute to the dysfunction of β-cells and the loss of β-cell mass in T2DM patients. Inhibition of hIAPP fibrillization has been regarded as a potential therapeutic approach for T2DM. Silibinin, a major active flavonoid extracted from herb milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been used for centuries to treat diabetes in Asia and Europe with unclear mechanisms. In this study, we tested whether silibinin has any effect on the amyloidogenicity of hIAPP. Our results provide first evidence that silibinin inhibits hIAPP fibrillization via suppressing the toxic oligomerization of hIAPP and enhances the viability of pancreatic β-cells, therefore silibinin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Cheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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18
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Application of photochemical cross-linking to the study of oligomerization of amyloidogenic proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 849:11-21. [PMID: 22528080 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-551-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of amyloidogenic proteins into toxic oligomers and fibrils is an important pathogenic feature of over 30 amyloid-related diseases. Understanding the structures and mechanisms involved in the assembly process is necessary for rational approaches geared at inhibiting formation of these toxic species. Here, we review the application of photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP) to two disease-related amyloidogenic proteins (1) islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), whose toxic oligomers are thought to cause the demise of pancreatic β-cells in type-2 diabetes mellitus and (2) α-synuclein, which aggregates into toxic oligomers and precipitates in Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease. PICUP is an effective method allowing chemical "freezing" of dynamically changing oligomers and subsequent study of the oligomer size distribution that existed before cross-linking. The method has provided insights into the factors controlling early oligomerization, which could not be obtained by other means. We discuss sample preparation, experimental details, optimization of parameters, and troubleshooting.
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19
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De Marco R, Di Gioia ML, Liguori A, Perri F, Siciliano C, Spinella M. N-Alkylation of N-arylsulfonyl-α-amino acid methyl esters by trialkyloxonium tetrafluoroborates. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Wang L, Middleton CT, Singh S, Reddy AS, Woys AM, Strasfeld DB, Marek P, Raleigh DP, de Pablo JJ, Zanni MT, Skinner JL. 2DIR spectroscopy of human amylin fibrils reflects stable β-sheet structure. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16062-71. [PMID: 21916515 PMCID: PMC3196637 DOI: 10.1021/ja204035k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of human amylin to form amyloid contributes to islet β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Studies of amyloid formation have been hindered by the low structural resolution or relatively modest time resolution of standard methods. Two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy, with its sensitivity to protein secondary structures and its intrinsic fast time resolution, is capable of capturing structural changes during the aggregation process. Moreover, isotope labeling enables the measurement of residue-specific information. The diagonal line widths of 2DIR spectra contain information about dynamics and structural heterogeneity of the system. We illustrate the power of a combined atomistic molecular dynamics simulation and theoretical and experimental 2DIR approach by analyzing the variation in diagonal line widths of individual amide I modes in a series of labeled samples of amylin amyloid fibrils. The theoretical and experimental 2DIR line widths suggest a "W" pattern, as a function of residue number. We show that large line widths result from substantial structural disorder and that this pattern is indicative of the stable secondary structure of the two β-sheet regions. This work provides a protocol for bridging MD simulation and 2DIR experiments for future aggregation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.
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21
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Bini A, Mascini M, Mascini M, Turner APF. Selection of thrombin-binding aptamers by using computational approach for aptasensor application. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4411-6. [PMID: 21636260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of introducing a computationally assisted method to study aptamer-protein interaction was evaluated with the aim of streamlining the screening and selection of new aptamers. Starting from information on the 15-mer (5'-GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG-3') thrombin binding aptamer (TBA), a library of mutated DNA sequences (994 elements) was generated and screened using shapegauss a shape-based scoring function from openeye software to generate computationally derived binding scores. The TBA and three other mutated oligonucleotides, selected on the basis of their binding score (best, medium, worst), were incorporated into surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors. By reducing the ionic strength (binding buffer, 50 mM TrisHCl pH 7.4, 140 mM NaCl, 1mM MgCl₂, diluted 1:50) in order to match the simulated condition, the analytical performances of the four oligonucleotide sequences were compared using signal amplitude, sensitivity (slope), linearity (R²) and reproducibility (CVav %). The experimental results were in agreement with the simulation findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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22
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Abstract
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Sekirov
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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In vitro ADMET and physicochemical investigations of poly-N-methylated peptides designed to inhibit Aβ aggregation. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5896-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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