First identification of xanthone sulfonamides as potent acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors

Targeting Sterol O-Acyltransferase/Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT): A Perspective on Small-Molecule Inhibitors and Their Therapeutic Potential

Sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) is a membrane-bound enzyme that aids the esterification of cholesterol and fatty acids to cholesterol esters. SOAT has been studied extensively as a potential drug target, since its inhibition can serve as an alternative to statin therapy. Two SOAT isozymes that have discrete functions in the human body, namely, SOAT1 and SOAT2, have been characterized. Over three decades of research has focused on candidate SOAT1 inhibitors with unsatisfactory results in clinical trials. Recent research has focused on targeting SOAT2 selectively. In this perspective, we summarize the literature covering various SOAT inhibitory agents and discuss the design, structural requirements, and mode of action of SOAT inhibitors.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some 2-pyridone nucleosides containing a sulfonamide moiety

Glycosylation of 2-pyridonesulfonamide 1a,b with glycosyl/galactosyl bromide gave the corresponding glycosides 2a,b, 3a,b, 6a,b, and 7a,b, respectively. Deacetylation of the resulting glycosides gave the corresponding glycosides 4a,b, 5a,b, 8a,b, and 9a,b, respectively, in good yields. Furthermore, reaction of 2-pyridonesulfonamide 1b with lactosyl bromide gave a mixture the corresponding N, O-lactosides 10 and 11, which were deacetylated to give the corresponding glycosides 12 and 13, respectively. The structures of the new synthesized compounds were characterized by using IR, 1H, 13C NMR spectra, and microanalysis. Selected members of these compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity.

Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of xanthone sulfonamides as ACAT inhibitors

Three series of xanthone sulfonamides were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) were evaluated. Results showed that most of the title compounds exhibited strong inhibitory activity against ACAT, of which compounds 1c, 1e, 1f, 2d, 2e, and 3d were proved to be more active than the positive control Sandoz 58-035. Computational docking experiments indicated that the interaction between inhibitors and ACAT contained the H-bond interaction, the hydrophobic interaction, and the narrow hydrophobic cleft.

Intermolecular C-O Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Arynes: Synthesis of o-Hydroxyaryl Ketones, Xanthones, 4-Chromanones, and Flavones

An efficient and simple route to biologically and pharmaceutically important o-hydroxyaryl ketones, xanthones, 4-chromanones, and flavones has been developed utilizing readily available carboxylic acids and commercially available o-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates.

Synthesis of a novel series of 2-alkylthio substituted naphthoquinones as potent acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors

We report a new series of naphthoquinone derivatives as potent ACAT inhibitors, which were obtained through structural variations of previously disclosed lead 1. Several analogs represented by 3i-l, 4k-m, 6a-n, 7a, and 7i demonstrated potent human macrophage ACAT inhibitory activity by a cell-based reporter assay with human HepG2 cell lines. In particular, compounds 4l and 6j emerged as highly potent inhibitors, exhibiting significantly high inhibitory potencies with IC50 values of 0.44 μM and 0.6 μM, respectively. Moreover, compound 4l significantly reduced the accumulation of cellular cholesterol in HepG2 cell lines.

A Facile Synthesis of Norathyriol

In this paper, norathyriol has been synthesised from 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene by a three-step sequence of transformations involving a Friedel–Crafts acylation with cyclisation and demethylation. The procedure was facile and should be easily scaled-up. The overall yields reached approximately 70%.