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Ma J, Tan Y, Tang Y, Cui X, Xu J, Li Y, Wang X. Base‐Promoted Cascade C–N and C–C Formation: An Approach to Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidinones from Ynones and 2‐Methylpyrimidin‐4‐ols. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Ma
- Hainan Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Yinfeng Tan
- Hainan Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Yao Tang
- Hainan Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Xue Cui
- Hainan Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Junyu Xu
- Hainan Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Youbin Li
- Hainan Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Hainan Medical University school of pharmacy Xueyuan Road 571199 Haikou CHINA
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2
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Lőrinczi B, Szatmári I. KYNA Derivatives with Modified Skeleton; Hydroxyquinolines with Potential Neuroprotective Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11935. [PMID: 34769362 PMCID: PMC8584415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous neuroprotective agent of increasing importance. Several derivatives have already been synthesized, bearing an abundance of functional groups attached to the main skeleton in different positions. Several of these compounds have already been tested in biological evaluations, with several of them targeting the same receptors and biological effects as KYNA. However, these modified compounds build upon the unmodified KYNA skeleton leaving a possible route for the synthesis of new, potentially neuroprotective derivatives with heteroatom-containing ring systems. The aim of this review is to summarize the syntheses of KYNA derivatives with altered skeletons and to pinpoint an appealing transformation for future medicinal lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Lőrinczi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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3
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Dick A, Cocklin S. Bioisosteric Replacement as a Tool in Anti-HIV Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13030036. [PMID: 32121077 PMCID: PMC7151723 DOI: 10.3390/ph13030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioisosteric replacement is a powerful tool for modulating the drug-like properties, toxicity, and chemical space of experimental therapeutics. In this review, we focus on selected cases where bioisosteric replacement and scaffold hopping have been used in the development of new anti-HIV-1 therapeutics. Moreover, we cover field-based, computational methodologies for bioisosteric replacement, using studies from our group as an example. It is our hope that this review will serve to highlight the utility and potential of bioisosteric replacement in the continuing search for new and improved anti-HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Cocklin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +215-762-7234 or +215-762-4979
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4
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Pavithra T, Devi ES, Nagarajan S, Sridharan V, Maheswari CU. Metal and Solvent-Free Synthesis of 2H-Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-ones Catalyzed by Elemental Sulfur. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Pavithra
- Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical and Biotechnology; SASTRA Deemed University; 613401 Thanjavur India
| | - E. Sankari Devi
- Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical and Biotechnology; SASTRA Deemed University; 613401 Thanjavur India
| | - Subbiah Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology-Warangal; 506004 Warangal India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences; Central University of Jammu; Rahya-Suchani (Bagla) -181143, J&K District-Samba Jammu India
| | - C. Uma Maheswari
- Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical and Biotechnology; SASTRA Deemed University; 613401 Thanjavur India
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Inturi SB, Kalita B, Ahamed AJ. Highly efficient one-pot synthesis of fused pyrimidones from 2-heteroaryl amines and Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates viaintermolecular cyclocondensation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1479761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Babu Inturi
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Bangalore, India
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Biswajit Kalita
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - A. Jafar Ahamed
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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6
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Sadeghzadeh SM, Zhiani R. Synthesis of pyridopyrimidinones by N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) supported on KCC-1 in aqueous solution. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Alsharif Z, Ali MA, Alkhattabi H, Jones D, Delancey E, Ravikumar PC, Alam MA. Hexafluoroisopropanol mediated benign synthesis of 2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-ones by using a domino protocol. NEW J CHEM 2017; 41:14862-14870. [PMID: 29430169 DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03376a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Domino strategy has been used for the synthesis of 2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-ones. Four sequential reactions: aza-Michael addition, water elimination, intramolecular acyl substitution, and [1,3]-H shift were observed in this domino protocol. Hexafluoroisopropanol is used as a promotor and recyclable solvent in this cascade process. Availability of inexpensive 2-aminopyridines and wide variety of Michael acceptors such as commercially available acrylates and unactivated Baylis-Hillman adducts makes this methodology a huge reservoir of novel fused N-heterocycles as bioactive and potential therapeutic agents. The reaction mechanism has been proposed and rationalized by density functional theory calculation. Products are obtained up to 95% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakeyah Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467
| | - Mohamad Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Hessa Alkhattabi
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467
| | - Derika Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467
| | - Evan Delancey
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467
| | - P C Ravikumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)† Bhubaneswar, Jatni Campus, Dt: Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Mohammad A Alam
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467
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8
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A Synopsis of the Properties and Applications of Heteroaromatic Rings in Medicinal Chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Sketching the historical development of pyrimidones as the inhibitors of the HIV integrase. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 97:649-63. [PMID: 25084622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic substances perform a very unique role in drug design and discovery. This article provides the primary objectives of the analysis within pyrimidine centered new heterocyclic elements chronologically from their finding focusing on one of the essential enzyme of HIV virus particle that is integrase upon suppressing its strand transfer function. The class of compounds reviewed here includes bicyclic pyrimidines, dihydroxypyrimidines, pyrimidine-2,4-dinones, N-methylpyrimidones, pyranopyrimidine, pyridine-quinoline conjugates, pyrimidine-2-carboxamides, N-3 hydroxylated pyrimidine-2,4-diones as well as their various substituted analogues. Such initiatives released an effective drug Raltegravir as a first FDA approved anti-HIV integrase inhibitor as well as several of its derivatives along with other pyrimidones is under clinical or preclinical growth. Some of the provided scaffolds indicated dual anti-HIV efficacies against HIV reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes at both cites as 3'-processing and strand transfer, while several scaffolds exhibited potency against Raltegravir resistant HIV mutant strains determining themselves a potent class of compounds having appealing upcoming implementations. Connections of the new compounds' molecular structure and HIV viral target has been overviewed to be able to accomplish further growth of promising anti-HIV agents in future drug discovery process.
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Meanwell NA. The Influence of Bioisosteres in Drug Design: Tactical Applications to Address Developability Problems. TACTICS IN CONTEMPORARY DRUG DESIGN 2014; 9. [PMCID: PMC7416817 DOI: 10.1007/7355_2013_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of bioisosteres in drug discovery is a well-established design concept that has demonstrated utility as an approach to solving a range of problems that affect candidate optimization, progression, and durability. In this chapter, the application of isosteric substitution is explored in a fashion that focuses on the development of practical solutions to problems that are encountered in typical optimization campaigns. The role of bioisosteres to affect intrinsic potency and selectivity, influence conformation, solve problems associated with drug developability, including P-glycoprotein recognition, modulating basicity, solubility, and lipophilicity, and to address issues associated with metabolism and toxicity is used as the underlying theme to capture a spectrum of creative applications of structural emulation in the design of drug candidates.
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11
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Xuan S, Wu Y, Chen X, Liu J, Yan A. Prediction of bioactivity of HIV-1 integrase ST inhibitors by multilinear regression analysis and support vector machine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1648-55. [PMID: 23395655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, four computational quantitative structure-activity relationship models were built to predict the biological activity of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer (ST) inhibitors. 551 Inhibitors whose bioactivities were detected by radiolabeling method were collected. The molecules were represented with 20 selected MOE descriptors. All inhibitors were divided into a training set and a test set with two methods: (1) by a Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM); (2) by a random selection. For every training set and test set, a multilinear regression (MLR) analysis and a support vector machine (SVM) were used to establish models, respectively. For the test set divided by SOM, the correlation coefficients (rs) were over 0.91, and for the test set split randomly, the rs were over 0.86.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyi Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, PO Box 53, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 BeiSanHuan East Road, Beijing 100029, PR China
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12
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Viral enzymes containing magnesium: Metal binding as a successful strategy in drug design. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Pendri A, Meanwell NA, Peese KM, Walker MA. New first and second generation inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus-1 integrase. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1173-89. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.586631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Cattori V, Weibel B, Lutz H. Inhibition of Feline leukemia virus replication by the integrase inhibitor Raltegravir. Vet Microbiol 2011; 152:165-8. [PMID: 21570781 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic gammaretrovirus Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) has been the leading cause of death among domestic cats until the introduction of efficient diagnostics and vaccines in the late 1980s. So far, no efficient treatment for viremic animals is available. Hence, use of the FeLV model to evaluate antiretroviral therapies applied to HIV is a timely task. The efficacy of the integrase inhibitor Raltegravir, which is widely used for the treatment of HIV in humans, has been assessed in vitro for the FeLV-A/Glasgow-1 strain. EC(50) values for FeLV-A inhibition in feline cell lines are in the range of that observed for HIV and xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related gammaretrovirus. Therefore, Raltegravir may be a potential therapeutical agent for felids with progressive FeLV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Cattori
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH - 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Meanwell NA. Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2529-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1013693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1876] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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16
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Le G, Vandegraaff N, Rhodes DI, Jones ED, Coates JAV, Thienthong N, Winfield LJ, Lu L, Li X, Yu C, Feng X, Deadman JJ. Design of a series of bicyclic HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Part 2: azoles: effective metal chelators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5909-12. [PMID: 20727753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a diverse set of azoles and their utilizations as an amide isostere in the design of HIV integrase inhibitors is described. The Letter identified thiazole, oxazole, and imidazole as the most promising heterocycles. Initial SAR studies indicated that these novel series of integrase inhibitors are amenable to lead optimization. Several compounds with low nanomolar inhibitory potency are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Le
- Avexa Ltd, 576 Swan Street, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
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