1
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Marchesi E, Perrone D, Navacchia ML. Molecular Hybridization as a Strategy for Developing Artemisinin-Derived Anticancer Candidates. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2185. [PMID: 37765156 PMCID: PMC10536797 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin is a natural compound extracted from Artemisia species belonging to the Asteraceae family. Currently, artemisinin and its derivatives are considered among the most significant small-molecule antimalarial drugs. Artemisinin and its derivatives have also been shown to possess selective anticancer properties, however, there are several limitations and gaps in knowledge that retard their repurposing as effective anticancer agents. Hybridization resulting from a covalent combination of artemisinin with one or more active pharmacophores has emerged as a promising approach to overcome several issues. The variety of hybridization partners allows improvement in artemisinin activity by tuning the ability of conjugated artemisinin to interact with various molecule targets involved in multiple biological pathways. This review highlights the current scenario of artemisinin-derived hybrids with potential anticancer activity. The synthetic approaches to achieve the corresponding hybrids and the structure-activity relationships are discussed to facilitate further rational design of more effective candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Marchesi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Daniela Perrone
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Navacchia
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy
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2
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Bajwa N, Naryal S, Mahal S, Amol Singh P, Baldi A. Quality-by-design strategy for the development of arteether loaded solid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Çapcı A, Herrmann L, Sampath Kumar HM, Fröhlich T, Tsogoeva SB. Artemisinin-derived dimers from a chemical perspective. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2927-2970. [PMID: 34114227 DOI: 10.1002/med.21814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made with the rather recently developed dimer approach, which has already found applications in the development of new effective artemisinin-derived antimalarial, anticancer, and antiviral agents. One observation common to these potential applications is the significant (i.e., much more than double) improvement in activity of artemisinin based dimers, which are not toxic to normal cells and have fewer or less harmful side effects, with respect to monomers against parasites, cancer cells and viruses. Due to the high potential of the dimerization concept, many new artemisinin-derived dimer compounds and their biological activities have been recently reported. In this review an overview of the synthesis of dimer drug candidates based on the clinically used drug artemisinin and its semisynthetic derivatives is given. Besides the highlighting of biological activities of the selected dimers, the main focus is set on different synthetic approaches toward the dimers containing a broad variety of symmetric and nonsymmetric linking moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Çapcı
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Herrmann
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Halmuthur M Sampath Kumar
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tony Fröhlich
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Patel OPS, Beteck RM, Legoabe LJ. Exploration of artemisinin derivatives and synthetic peroxides in antimalarial drug discovery research. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113193. [PMID: 33508479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by protozoal parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. It caused an estimated 405,000 deaths and 228 million malaria cases globally in 2018 as per the World Malaria Report released by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019. Artemisinin (ART), a "Nobel medicine" and its derivatives have proven potential application in antimalarial drug discovery programs. In this review, antimalarial activity of the most active artemisinin derivatives modified at C-10/C-11/C-16/C-6 positions and synthetic peroxides (endoperoxides, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes) are systematically summarized. The developmental trend of ART derivatives, and cyclic peroxides along with their antimalarial activity and how the activity is affected by structural variations on different sites of the compounds are discussed. This compilation would be very useful towards scaffold hopping aimed at avoiding the unnecessary complexity in cyclic peroxides, and ultimately act as a handy resource for the development of potential chemotherapeutics against Plasmodium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P S Patel
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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5
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Huang G, Murillo Solano C, Melendez J, Shaw J, Collins J, Banks R, Arshadi AK, Boonhok R, Min H, Miao J, Chakrabarti D, Yuan Y. Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Antimalarial Efficacy of 6-Chloro-2-arylvinylquinolines. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11756-11785. [PMID: 32959656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop new efficacious antimalarials to address the emerging drug-resistant clinical cases. Our previous phenotypic screening identified styrylquinoline UCF501 as a promising antimalarial compound. To optimize UCF501, we herein report a detailed structure-activity relationship study of 2-arylvinylquinolines, leading to the discovery of potent, low nanomolar antiplasmodial compounds against a Plasmodium falciparum CQ-resistant Dd2 strain, with excellent selectivity profiles (resistance index < 1 and selectivity index > 200). Several metabolically stable 2-arylvinylquinolines are identified as fast-acting agents that kill asexual blood-stage parasites at the trophozoite phase, and the most promising compound 24 also demonstrates transmission blocking potential. Additionally, the monophosphate salt of 24 exhibits excellent in vivo antimalarial efficacy in the murine model without noticeable toxicity. Thus, the 2-arylvinylquinolines represent a promising class of antimalarial drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Claribel Murillo Solano
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Joel Melendez
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Justin Shaw
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Jennifer Collins
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Robert Banks
- Research Program Services, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Arash Keshavarzi Arshadi
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Rachasak Boonhok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Hui Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Debopam Chakrabarti
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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6
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Sampath Kumar HM, Herrmann L, Tsogoeva SB. Structural hybridization as a facile approach to new drug candidates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127514. [PMID: 32860980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structural hybridization of preclinically and clinically validated pharmacologically active molecules has emerged as a promising tool to develop new generations of safe and highly efficient drug candidates against various diseases including microbial infections, virus infections and cancer. Strategies of drug-drug combinations have been adopted to generate hybrid conjugates of many clinically used drugs, designed to address inherent problems associated with these drugs. Thus, the design of hybrids was aimed to achieve higher efficacy through possible multi-target interactions, selective delivery of the drug to the site of action with the aim to improve bioavailability, alleviate toxicity and circumvent drug resistances. In this review article, we summarize the progress made in recent years in the rapidly growing field of drug discovery, focusing on the rationality of the hybrid design with particular emphasis on the linker architecture, which plays a crucial role in the overall success of a hybrid drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halmuthur M Sampath Kumar
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Lars Herrmann
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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7
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Computer-aided synthesis of dapsone-phytochemical conjugates against dapsone-resistant Mycobacterium leprae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6839. [PMID: 32322091 PMCID: PMC7176699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy continues to be the belligerent public health hazard for the causation of high disability and eventual morbidity cases with stable prevalence rates, even with treatment by the on-going multidrug therapy (MDT). Today, dapsone (DDS) resistance has led to fear of leprosy in more unfortunate people of certain developing countries. Herein, DDS was chemically conjugated with five phytochemicals independently as dapsone-phytochemical conjugates (DPCs) based on azo-coupling reaction. Possible biological activities were verified with computational chemistry and quantum mechanics by molecular dynamics simulation program before chemical synthesis and spectral characterizations viz., proton-HNMR, FTIR, UV and LC-MS. The in vivo antileprosy activity was monitored using the 'mouse-foot-pad propagation method', with WHO recommended concentration 0.01% mg/kg each DPC for 12 weeks, and the host-toxicity testing of the active DPC4 was seen in cultured-human-lymphocytes in vitro. One-log bacilli cells in DDS-resistant infected mice footpads decreased by the DPC4, and no bacilli were found in the DDS-sensitive mice hind pads. Additionally, the in vitro host toxicity study also confirmed that the DCP4 up to 5,000 mg/L level was safety for oral administration, since a minor number of dead cells were found in red color under a fluorescent microscope. Several advanced bioinformatics tools could help locate the potential chemical entity, thereby reducing the time and resources required for in vitro and in vitro tests. DPC4 could be used in place of DDS in MDT, evidenced from in vivo antileprosy activity and in vitro host toxicity study.
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8
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Yang P, Lu M, Li K, Xie Y. Artemisinin‐derived dimers and their antimalarial activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody‐based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of Medicine Huaihua China
| | - MeiLong Lu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody‐based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of Medicine Huaihua China
| | - Ke Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody‐based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of Medicine Huaihua China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
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9
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Feng LS, Xu Z, Chang L, Li C, Yan XF, Gao C, Ding C, Zhao F, Shi F, Wu X. Hybrid molecules with potential in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activity against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:931-971. [PMID: 31692025 DOI: 10.1002/med.21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a tropical disease, leading to around half a million deaths annually. Antimalarials such as quinolines are crucial to fight against malaria, but malaria control is extremely challenged by the limited pipeline of effective pharmaceuticals against drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum which are resistant toward almost all currently accessible antimalarials. To tackle the growing resistance, new antimalarial drugs are needed urgently. Hybrid molecules which contain two or more pharmacophores have the potential to overcome the drug resistance, and hybridization of quinoline privileged antimalarial building block with other antimalarial pharmacophores may provide novel molecules with enhanced in vitro and in vivo activity against drug-resistant (including multidrug-resistant) P falciparum. In recent years, numerous of quinoline hybrids were developed, and their activities against a panel of drug-resistant P falciparum strains were screened. Some of quinoline hybrids were found to possess promising in vitro and in vivo potency. This review emphasized quinoline hybrid molecules with potential in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activity against drug-resistant P falciparum, covering articles published between 2010 and 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi Xu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Le Chang
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Li
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Feng Shi
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
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10
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Marella A, Verma G, Shaquiquzzaman M, Khan MF, Akhtar W, Alam MM. Malaria Hybrids: A Chronological Evolution. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1144-1177. [PMID: 30887923 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190315100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Malaria, an upsetting malaise caused by a diverse class of Plasmodium species affects about 40% of the world's population. The distress associated with it has reached colossal scales owing to the development of resistance to most of the clinically available agents. Hence, the search for newer molecules for malaria treatment and cure is an incessant process. After the era of a single molecule for malaria treatment ended, there was an advent of combination therapy. However, lately there had been reports of the development of resistance to many of these agents as well. Subsequently, at present most of the peer groups working on malaria treatment aim to develop novel molecules, which may act on more than one biological processes of the parasite life cycle, and these scaffolds have been aptly termed as Hybrid Molecules or Double Drugs. These molecules may hold the key to hitherto unknown ways of showing a detrimental effect on the parasite. This review enlists a few of the recent advances made in malaria treatment by these hybrid molecules in a sequential manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garima Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Md Shaquiquzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Md Faraz Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Md Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
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Pavić K, Rubinić B, Rajić Z, Fontinha D, Prudêncio M, Uzelac L, Kralj M, Held J, Zorc B. Primaquine homodimers as potential antiplasmodial and anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126614. [PMID: 31431364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Primaquine homodimers, e.g. symmetric PQ-diamides of dicarboxylic acids containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms, were evaluated against Plasmodium berghei hepatic stages and P. falciparum blood stages, as well as against three cancer cell lines. Novel PQ-homodimers exerted much higher activity against hepatic stages, but less pronounced activity against blood stages in comparison to the parent drug. The submicromolar activity of succinic, fumaric and maleic derivatives against P. berghei was determined (IC50 values: 726.2, 198.1 and 358.4 nM, respectively). Our results indicated that the length and type of spacer between two PQ moieties highly modified the antiproliferative activities of PQ-homodimers. The general antiproliferative activity of the adipic and mesaconic derivatives against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT116, H 460) was observed (GI50 = 1.78-13.7 and 2.36-4.31 µM, respectively), but adipic derivative was less toxic to human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293). High selectivity of fumaric and suberic derivatives against breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 was detected. These two compounds have shown no antiproliferative activity against other tumor cells and HEK 293.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pavić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Rubinić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lidija Uzelac
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jana Held
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Branka Zorc
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Dadhania H, Raval D, Dadhania A. A Highly Efficient and Solvent-Free Approach for the Synthesis of Quinolines and Fused Polycyclic Quinolines Catalyzed by Magnetite Nanoparticle-Supported Acidic Ionic Liquid. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1595057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Dadhania
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India
| | - Dipak Raval
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India
| | - Abhishek Dadhania
- Department of Chemical Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, India
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13
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Hu YQ, Gao C, Zhang S, Xu L, Xu Z, Feng LS, Wu X, Zhao F. Quinoline hybrids and their antiplasmodial and antimalarial activities. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:22-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Fröhlich T, Ndreshkjana B, Muenzner JK, Reiter C, Hofmeister E, Mederer S, Fatfat M, El-Baba C, Gali-Muhtasib H, Schneider-Stock R, Tsogoeva SB. Synthesis of Novel Hybrids of Thymoquinone and Artemisinin with High Activity and Selectivity Against Colon Cancer. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:226-234. [PMID: 27973725 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer causes 0.5 million deaths each year. To combat this type of cancer the development of new specific drug candidates is urgently needed. In the present work seven novel thymoquinone-artemisinin hybrids with different linkers were synthesized and tested for their in vitro anticancer activity against a panel of various tumor cell lines. The thymoquinone-artesunic acid hybrid 7 a, in which both subunits are connected via an ester bond, was found to be the most active compound and selectively decreased the viability of colorectal cancer cells with an IC50 value of 2.4 μm (HCT116) and 2.8 μm (HT29). Remarkably, hybrid 7 a was up to 20-fold more active than its parent compounds (thymoquinone and artesunic acid), while not affecting nonmalignant colon epithelial HCEC cells (IC50 >100 μm). Moreover, the activity of hybrid 7 a was superior to that of various 1:1 mixtures of thymoquinone and artesunic acid. Furthermore, hybrid 7 a was even more potent against both colon cancer cell lines than the clinically used drug 5-fluorouracil. These results are another excellent proof of the hybridization concept and confirm that the type and length of the linker play a crucial role for the biological activity of a hybrid drug. Besides an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated levels of the DNA-damage marker γ-H2AX were observed. Both effects seem to be involved in the molecular mechanism of action for hybrid 7 a in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Fröhlich
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benardina Ndreshkjana
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julienne K Muenzner
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Reiter
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hofmeister
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Mederer
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maamoun Fatfat
- Department of Biology, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Science, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chirine El-Baba
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Science, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Synthesis of a series of novel dihydroartemisinin monomers and dimers containing chalcone as a linker and their anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:232-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Fröhlich T, Çapcı Karagöz A, Reiter C, Tsogoeva SB. Artemisinin-Derived Dimers: Potent Antimalarial and Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7360-88. [PMID: 27010926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of new efficient therapeutics for the treatment of malaria and cancer is an important endeavor. Over the past 15 years, much attention has been paid to the synthesis of dimeric structures, which combine two units of artemisinin, as lead compounds of interest. A wide variety of atemisinin-derived dimers containing different linkers demonstrate improved properties compared to their parent compounds (e.g., circumventing multidrug resistance), making the dimerization concept highly compelling for development of efficient antimalarial and anticancer drugs. The present Perspective highlights recent developments on different types of artemisinin-derived dimers and their structural and functional features. Particular emphasis is put on the respective in vitro and in vivo studies, exploring the role of the length and nature of linkers on the activities of the dimers, and considering the future prospects of the dimerization concept for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aysun Çapcı Karagöz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Reiter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Liu G, Song S, Liu X, Zhang A, Miao Z, Ding C. Novel dihydroisoxazoline-alkyl carbon chain hybrid artemisinin analogues (artemalogs): synthesis and antitumor activities. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new series of dihydroisoxazoline-alkyl carbon chain hybrid artemisinin analogues (artemalogs) were designed and synthesized though a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, leading to novel analogues with dramatically improved antiproliferative effects against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
| | - Zehong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Chunyong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
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18
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Liu G, Song S, Shu S, Miao Z, Zhang A, Ding C. Novel spirobicyclic artemisinin analogues (artemalogues): Synthesis and antitumor activities. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Buragohain P, Surineni N, Barua NC, Bhuyan PD, Boruah P, Borah JC, Laisharm S, Moirangthem DS. Synthesis of a novel series of fluoroarene derivatives of artemisinin as potent antifungal and anticancer agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3338-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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New efficient artemisinin derived agents against human leukemia cells, human cytomegalovirus and Plasmodium falciparum: 2nd generation 1,2,4-trioxane-ferrocene hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:164-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Raj R, Land KM, Kumar V. 4-Aminoquinoline-hybridization en route towards the development of rationally designed antimalarial agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16361g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in 4-aminoquinoline-hybridization, as an attractive strategy for averting and delaying the drug resistance along with improvement in efficacy of new antimalarials, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Raj
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Kirkwood M. Land
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of the Pacific
- Stockton
- USA
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
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22
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Vandekerckhove S, D'hooghe M. Quinoline-based antimalarial hybrid compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:5098-119. [PMID: 25593097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Quinoline-containing compounds, such as quinine and chloroquine, have a long-standing history as potent antimalarial agents. However, the increasing resistance of the Plasmodium parasite against these drugs and the lack of licensed malaria vaccines have forced chemists to develop synthetic strategies toward novel biologically active molecules. A strategy that has attracted considerable attention in current medicinal chemistry is based on the conjugation of two biologically active molecules into one hybrid compound. Since quinolines are considered to be privileged antimalarial building blocks, the synthesis of quinoline-containing antimalarial hybrids has been elaborated extensively in recent years. This review provides a literature overview of antimalarial hybrid molecules containing a quinoline core, covering publications between 2009 and 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Vandekerckhove
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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23
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Żesławska E, Oleksyn B, Fabre A, Benoit-Vical F. Influence of Amodiaquine on the Antimalarial Activity of Ellagic Acid: Crystallographic and Biological Studies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:669-75. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Żesławska
- Department of Chemistry; Pedagogical University; ul. Podchorążych 2 30-084 Kraków Poland
| | - Barbara Oleksyn
- Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; ul. Ingardena 3 30-060 Kraków Poland
| | - Aude Fabre
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC); CNRS; 205 route de Narbonne BP 44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex France
- UPS; INPT; Université de Toulouse III; F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire; 31059 Toulouse France
| | - Françoise Benoit-Vical
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC); CNRS; 205 route de Narbonne BP 44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex France
- UPS; INPT; Université de Toulouse III; F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire; 31059 Toulouse France
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24
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25
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Buragohain P, Saikia B, Surineni N, Barua NC, Saxena AK, Suri N. Synthesis of a novel series of artemisinin dimers with potent anticancer activity involving Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:237-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Pertino MW, Theoduloz C, Bastías M, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. Dimeric labdane diterpenes: synthesis and antiproliferative effects. Molecules 2013; 18:5936-53. [PMID: 23698047 PMCID: PMC6270601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several diterpenes with the labdane skeleton show biological activity, including antiproliferative effects. Most of the research work on bioactive labdanes has been carried out on naturally occurring diterpenes and semisynthetic derivatives, but much less is known on the effects of diterpene dimers. The aim of the present work was to synthesize dimeric diterpenes from the labdane imbricatolic acid using esters, ethers and the triazole ring as linkers. Some 18 new derivatives were prepared and the compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity on human normal fibroblasts (MRC-5) and the following human tumor cell lines: AGS, SK-MES-1, J82 and HL-60. The diethers 8-10, differing in the number of CH₂ units in the linker, presented better antiproliferative activity with a maximum effect for the derivative 9. The best antiproliferative effect against HL-60 cells was found for compounds 3 and 17, with IC₅₀ values of 22.3 and 23.2 μM, lower than that found for the reference compound etoposide (2.23 μM). The compounds 9, 17 and 11 were the most active derivatives towards AGS cells with IC₅₀ values of 17.8, 23.4 and 26.1 μM. A free carboxylic acid function seems relevant for the effect as several of the compounds showed less antiproliferative effect after methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Walter Pertino
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
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27
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Pan SY, Zhou SF, Gao SH, Yu ZL, Zhang SF, Tang MK, Sun JN, Ma DL, Han YF, Fong WF, Ko KM. New Perspectives on How to Discover Drugs from Herbal Medicines: CAM's Outstanding Contribution to Modern Therapeutics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:627375. [PMID: 23634172 PMCID: PMC3619623 DOI: 10.1155/2013/627375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With tens of thousands of plant species on earth, we are endowed with an enormous wealth of medicinal remedies from Mother Nature. Natural products and their derivatives represent more than 50% of all the drugs in modern therapeutics. Because of the low success rate and huge capital investment need, the research and development of conventional drugs are very costly and difficult. Over the past few decades, researchers have focused on drug discovery from herbal medicines or botanical sources, an important group of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy. With a long history of herbal usage for the clinical management of a variety of diseases in indigenous cultures, the success rate of developing a new drug from herbal medicinal preparations should, in theory, be higher than that from chemical synthesis. While the endeavor for drug discovery from herbal medicines is "experience driven," the search for a therapeutically useful synthetic drug, like "looking for a needle in a haystack," is a daunting task. In this paper, we first illustrated various approaches of drug discovery from herbal medicines. Typical examples of successful drug discovery from botanical sources were given. In addition, problems in drug discovery from herbal medicines were described and possible solutions were proposed. The prospect of drug discovery from herbal medicines in the postgenomic era was made with the provision of future directions in this area of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Pan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- College of Pharmacy,University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Si-Hua Gao
- School of basic medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Shuo-Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Min-Ke Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jian-Ning Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Yi-Fan Han
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Wang-Fun Fong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong
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28
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Antimalarial and anticancer activities of artemisinin–quinoline hybrid-dimers and pharmacokinetic properties in mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:834-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Paul N, Murugavel M, Muthusubramanian S, Sriram D. Camphorsulfonic acid catalysed facile tandem double Friedlander annulation protocol for the synthesis of phenoxy linked bisquinoline derivatives and discovery of antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1643-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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