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Yu Y, Yang F, Yu Q, Liu S, Wu C, Su K, Yang L, Bao X, Li Z, Li X, Zhang X. Discovery of a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2α (HIF-2α) Agonist and Its Synergistic Therapy with Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Renal Anemia. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17384-17402. [PMID: 34709043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 2 (HIF-2) has emerged as a potent renal anemia treatment strategy. Here, the benzisothiazole derivative 26 was discovered as a novel HIF-2α agonist, which first demonstrated nanomolar activity (EC50 = 490 nM, Emax = 349.2%) in the luciferase reporter gene assay. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that 26 could allosterically enhance HIF-2 dimerization. Furthermore, compound 26 had a good pharmacokinetic profile (the oral bioavailability in rats was 41.38%) and an in vivo safety profile (the LD50 in mice was greater than 708 mg·kg-1). In the in vivo efficacy assays, the combination of 26 and the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, AKB-6548, was confirmed for the first time to synergistically increase the plasma erythropoietin level in mice (from 260 to 2296 pg·mL-1) and alleviate zebrafish anemia induced by doxorubicin. These results provide new insights for HIF-2α agonists and the treatment of renal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Yu
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fulai Yang
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Quanwei Yu
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Simeng Liu
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kaijun Su
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Le Yang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoqian Bao
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Gubič Š, Hendrickx LA, Toplak Ž, Sterle M, Peigneur S, Tomašič T, Pardo LA, Tytgat J, Zega A, Mašič LP. Discovery of K V 1.3 ion channel inhibitors: Medicinal chemistry approaches and challenges. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2423-2473. [PMID: 33932253 PMCID: PMC8252768 DOI: 10.1002/med.21800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The KV 1.3 voltage-gated potassium ion channel is involved in many physiological processes both at the plasma membrane and in the mitochondria, chiefly in the immune and nervous systems. Therapeutic targeting KV 1.3 with specific peptides and small molecule inhibitors shows great potential for treating cancers and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and myasthenia gravis. However, no KV 1.3-targeted compounds have been approved for therapeutic use to date. This review focuses on the presentation of approaches for discovering new KV 1.3 peptide and small-molecule inhibitors, and strategies to improve the selectivity of active compounds toward KV 1.3. Selectivity of dalatazide (ShK-186), a synthetic derivate of the sea anemone toxin ShK, was achieved by chemical modification and has successfully reached clinical trials as a potential therapeutic for treating autoimmune diseases. Other peptides and small-molecule inhibitors are critically evaluated for their lead-like characteristics and potential for progression into clinical development. Some small-molecule inhibitors with well-defined structure-activity relationships have been optimized for selective delivery to mitochondria, and these offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancers. This overview of KV 1.3 inhibitors and methodologies is designed to provide a good starting point for drug discovery to identify novel effective KV 1.3 modulators against this target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Gubič
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Louise A. Hendrickx
- Toxicology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leuven, Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | - Žan Toplak
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Maša Sterle
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | | | - Luis A. Pardo
- AG OncophysiologyMax‐Planck Institute for Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leuven, Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anamarija Zega
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
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Jeppesen TE, Kristensen JB, Behrens C, Madsen J, Kjaer A. Fluorine-18 labeled aldehydes as prosthetic groups for oxime coupling with a FVIIa protein. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:198-208. [PMID: 33314295 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
New 18 F-labeled nonvolatile aldehyde prosthetic groups derived from [18 F]F-Py-TFP and spirocyclic iodonium (III)ylide precursors for late stage 18 F-labeling were developed. These precursors were characterized, 18 F-labeled, and compared in reactivity for oxime coupling. Oxime coupling was performed on an amino-oxy modified inhibited factor VII (FVIIai-ONH2 ) in low concentration to prove the applicability of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels E Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jacob Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Differential recognition of HIV-stimulated IL-1β and IL-18 secretion through NLR and NAIP signalling in monocyte-derived macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009417. [PMID: 33861800 PMCID: PMC8109768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important drivers of pathogenesis and progression to AIDS in HIV infection. The virus in the later phases of the infection is often predominantly macrophage-tropic and this tropism contributes to a chronic inflammatory and immune activation state that is observed in HIV patients. Pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are the key molecules that recognise HIV and mount the inflammatory responses in macrophages. The innate immune response against HIV-1 is potent and elicits caspase-1-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine production of IL-1β and IL-18. Although, NLRP3 has been reported as an inflammasome sensor dictating this response little is known about the pattern recognition receptors that trigger the “priming” signal for inflammasome activation, the NLRs involved or the HIV components that trigger the response. Using a combination of siRNA knockdowns in monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) of different TLRs and NLRs as well as chemical inhibition, it was demonstrated that HIV Vpu could trigger inflammasome activation via TLR4/NLRP3 leading to IL-1β/IL-18 secretion. The priming signal is triggered via TLR4, whereas the activation signal is triggered by direct effects on Kv1.3 channels, causing K+ efflux. In contrast, HIV gp41 could trigger IL-18 production via NAIP/NLRC4, independently of priming, as a one-step inflammasome activation. NAIP binds directly to the cytoplasmic tail of HIV envelope protein gp41 and represents the first non-bacterial ligand for the NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome. These divergent pathways represent novel targets to resolve specific inflammatory pathologies associated with HIV-1 infection in macrophages. It has been previously shown that inflammasome activation can be triggered during viral infection to produce the active cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Our study represents a significant advance, as we now show that in fact there are distinct NLR inflammasome complexes and viral ligands for IL-1β secretion (Vpu) compared to IL-18 secretion (gp41) in response to HIV-1. Most importantly, we show that the HIV envelope protein gp41 represents the first non-bacterial ligand for the assembly of the NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome. HIV gp41 is a viroporin, and thus our data demonstrates for the first time that the NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome assembles for all pore-forming proteins, irrespective of whether they have a viral or bacterial origin. This is critical for the host antiviral response and has broad implications for innate immunity in general.
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Goel S, Yadav H, Sinha N, Singh B, Bdikin I, Rao DC, Gopalaiah K, Kumar B. An insight into the synthesis, crystal structure, geometrical modelling of crystal morphology, Hirshfeld surface analysis and characterization ofN-(4-methylbenzyl)benzamide single crystals. J Appl Crystallogr 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576717012316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A versatile approach for the synthesis ofN-(4-methylbenzyl)benzamide, C15H15NO, using CuI as catalyst has been reported. Single crystals of the synthesized compound were grown using the slow evaporation solution technique. The crystal structure of theN-(4-methylbenzyl)benzamide crystals has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic lattice, noncentrosymmetric space groupPna21. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H...π interactions to form layers parallel to theaaxis. A user-friendly approach based on centre of mass propagation vector theory was used to predict the crystal morphology. The framework developed here utilizes the concept of intermolecular bond strength to discern the crystal morphology. Fourier transform IR, NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry analytical techniques were used for the identification of functional groups and confirmation of the structure of the title compound. All of the intermolecular interactions present in the crystal structure, including the C—H...π, C—H...O and N—H...O interactions, were investigated and confirmed by molecular Hirshfeld surface analysis. From linear optical spectroscopy, the transmittance, optical band gap and UV cutoff wavelength were determined. The photoluminescence emission spectrum was recorded for a grown crystal. Dielectric measurements were performed at room temperature for various frequencies. The mechanical strength of the (001) plane of the title compound was measured using the Vickers micro-hardness technique. A piezo-coefficient of 15 pC N−1was found along the (001) plane of the title crystals. The thermal stability and melting point were also investigated. In addition, density functional theory simulations were used to calculate the optimized molecular geometry and the UV–vis spectrum, and to determine the highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap. The results show thatN-(4-methylbenzyl)benzamide is a potential candidate for multifunctional optical and piezoelectric crystals.
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Fawad Zahoor A, Akhtar R, Ahmad S, Ali Raza Naqvi S, Gul Khan S, Suleman M. Update on the Reactivity of Saccharin: An Excellent Precursor for the Synthesis of Biologically Important Molecules. HETEROCYCLES 2017. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-17-862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chikkade PK, Kuninobu Y, Kanai M. Copper-catalyzed intermolecular C(sp 3)-H bond functionalization towards the synthesis of tertiary carbamates. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3195-3200. [PMID: 29142689 PMCID: PMC5657409 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the development of an intermolecular unactivated C(sp3)-H bond functionalization towards the direct synthesis of tertiary carbamates. The transformation proceeded using a readily available, abundant first-row transition metal catalyst (copper), and isocyanates as the source of the amide moiety. This is a novel strategy for direct transformation of a variety of unactivated hydrocarbon feedstocks to N-alkyl-N-aryl and N,N-dialkyl carbamates without pre-functionalization or installation of a directing group. The reaction had a broad substrate scope with 3° > 2° > 1° site selectivity. The reaction proceeded even on a gram scale, and a corresponding free amine was directly obtained when the reaction was performed at high temperature. Kinetic studies suggested that radical-mediated C(sp3)-H bond cleavage was the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Kumara Chikkade
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan . ;
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan . ;
- ERATO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan . ;
- ERATO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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Shang E, Wu Y, Liu P, Liu Y, Zhu W, Deng X, He C, He S, Li C, Lai L. Benzo[d]isothiazole 1,1-dioxide derivatives as dual functional inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and microsomal prostaglandin E(2) synthase-1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2764-7. [PMID: 24794107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of 6-nitro-3-(m-tolylamino) benzo[d]isothiazole 1,1-dioxide analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition activity against 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES-1). These compounds can inhibit both enzymes with IC50 values ranging from 0.15 to 23.6μM. One of the most potential compounds, 3g, inhibits 5-LOX and mPGES-1 with IC50 values of 0.6μM, 2.1μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erchang Shang
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pei Liu
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Liu
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaobing Deng
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chong He
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shan He
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cong Li
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Luhua Lai
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Haffner CD, Thomson SA, Guo Y, Petrov K, Larkin A, Banker P, Schaaf G, Dickerson S, Gobel J, Gillie D, Condreay JP, Poole C, Carpenter T, Ulrich J. Substituted N-{3-[(1,1-dioxido-1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl)(phenyl)amino]propyl}benzamide analogs as potent Kv1.3 ion channel blockers. Part 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6989-92. [PMID: 20974533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and in vitro activity of a series of novel substituted N-{3-[(1,1-dioxido-1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl)(phenyl)amino]propyl}benzamide analogs. These analogs showed potent inhibitory activity against Kv1.3. Several demonstrated similar potency to the known Kv1.3 inhibitor PAP-1 when tested under the IonWorks patch clamp assay conditions. Two compounds 13i and 13rr were advanced further as potential tool compounds for in vivo validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt D Haffner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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