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Uenomachi M, Takahashi M, Shimazoe K, Takahashi H, Kamada K, Orita T, Ogane K, Tsuji AB. Simultaneous in vivo imaging with PET and SPECT tracers using a Compton-PET hybrid camera. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17933. [PMID: 34504184 PMCID: PMC8429650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron-emission tomography (PET) and single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) are well-established nuclear-medicine imaging methods used in modern medical diagnoses. Combining PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and SPECT with an 111In-labelled ligand provides clinicians with information about the aggressiveness and specific types of tumors. However, it is difficult to integrate a SPECT system with a PET system because SPECT requires a collimator. Herein, we describe a novel method that provides simultaneous imaging with PET and SPECT nuclides by combining PET imaging and Compton imaging. The latter is an imaging method that utilizes Compton scattering to visualize gamma rays over a wide range of energies without requiring a collimator. Using Compton imaging with SPECT nuclides, instead of the conventional SPECT imaging method, enables PET imaging and Compton imaging to be performed with one system. In this research, we have demonstrated simultaneous in vivo imaging of a tumor-bearing mouse injected with 18F-FDG and an 111In-antibody by using a prototype Compton-PET hybrid camera. We have succeeded in visualizing accumulations of 18F-FDG and 111In-antibody by performing PET imaging and Compton imaging simultaneously. As simultaneous imaging utilizes the same coordinate axes, it is expected to improve the accuracy of diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Uenomachi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwako Takahashi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimazoe
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,JST, PRESTO, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kamada
- Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Orita
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ogane
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 1-4-3, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
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Nader M, Oberdorfer F, Herrmann K. Production of [11C]Formaldehyde by the XeF2 mediated oxidation of [11C]Methanol and its application in the labeling of α-(N-[11C]Methylamino)isobutyric acid. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 148:178-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sudo H, Tsuji AB, Sugyo A, Okada M, Kato K, Zhang MR, Saga T, Higashi T. Direct comparison of 2‑amino[3‑11C]isobutyric acid and 2‑amino[11C]methyl‑isobutyric acid uptake in eight lung cancer xenograft models. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2737-2744. [PMID: 30334568 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The non‑natural amino acid positron emission tomography tracers, 2‑amino[3‑11C]isobutyric acid ([3‑11C]AIB) and 2‑amino[11C]methyl‑isobutyric acid ([11C]MeAIB), are metabolically stable in vivo and accumulate in tumors. [3‑11C]AIB is transported into cells mainly via the amino acid transport system A and partially via systems L and ASC, whereas [11C]MeAIB is transported into cells specifically via system A. How transport via the different systems affects the tumor uptake of these tracers, however, is unclear. In the present study, the tumor uptake of the two tracers was directly compared in eight lung cancer models (A549, H82, H441, H460, H1299, H1650, PC14, and SY), and the correlation of tumor uptake with several factors (amino acid transporter expression, contribution of amino acid transport systems to AIB uptake and tumor proliferation indices) was analyzed. Biodistribution analyses revealed that the tumor uptake of [3‑11C]AIB (4.9 to 19.2% injected dose per gram [ID/g]) was higher than that of [11C]MeAIB (3.1 to 15.9% ID/g) in all eight tumors, with a statistically significant difference in three tumors (P<0.01 in H441 and H460 tumors, P<0.05 in H82 tumors). A significant correlation was observed between the tumor uptake of the two tracers (r=0.95, P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels of the amino acid transporters of system A (SLC38A1 and SLC38A2), system L (SLC7A5) and system ASC (SLC1A5) were higher in all eight tumors than in the normal lung, with widely varying expression patterns. Although the contributions of the amino acid transport systems, Ki‑67 indices and tumor doubling times greatly differed among the eight models, these factors did not correlate with the tumor uptake of either tracer. The higher tumor uptake of [3‑11C]AIB and the correlation of tumor uptake between [3‑11C]AIB and [11C]MeAIB warrant further investigation in clinical studies in order to clarify the role of [3‑11C]AIB PET in oncology imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Sudo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST‑NIRS), Chiba 263‑8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST‑NIRS), Chiba 263‑8555, Japan
| | - Aya Sugyo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST‑NIRS), Chiba 263‑8555, Japan
| | - Maki Okada
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST‑NIRS), Chiba 263‑8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST‑NIRS), Chiba 263‑8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST‑NIRS), Chiba 263‑8555, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Saga
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606‑8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST‑NIRS), Chiba 263‑8555, Japan
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Filp U, Pees AL, Taddei C, Pekošak A, Gee AD, Windhorst AD, Poot AJ. Efficient Synthesis of11C-Acrylesters,11C-Acrylamides and Their Application in Michael Addition Reactions for PET Tracer Development. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Filp
- VU University Medical Center; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; De Boelelaan 1085c 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anna L. Pees
- VU University Medical Center; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; De Boelelaan 1085c 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Carlotta Taddei
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London; Lambeth Palace Road SE1 7EH London United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Pekošak
- VU University Medical Center; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; De Boelelaan 1085c 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Antony D. Gee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London; Lambeth Palace Road SE1 7EH London United Kingdom
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- VU University Medical Center; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; De Boelelaan 1085c 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- VU University Medical Center; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; De Boelelaan 1085c 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Pekošak A, Filp U, Škrinjar J, Poot AJ, Windhorst AD. A rapid and highly enantioselective C–11C bond formation of l-[11C]phenylalanine via chiral phase-transfer catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:570-575. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multistep asymmetric phase-transfer catalyzed carbon-11 benzylation for the enantioselective radiolabeling of l- and d-[11C]phenylalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pekošak
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- Amsterdam
- the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Filp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- Amsterdam
- the Netherlands
| | - Janja Škrinjar
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- Amsterdam
- the Netherlands
- Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- Amsterdam
- the Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- Amsterdam
- the Netherlands
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Filp U, Pekošak A, Poot AJ, Windhorst AD. Enantioselective synthesis of carbon-11 labeled l-alanine using phase transfer catalysis of Schiff bases. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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In-vivo imaging of blood–brain barrier permeability using positron emission tomography with 2-amino-[3-11C]isobutyric acid. Nucl Med Commun 2015; 36:1239-48. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Preclinical evaluation of 2-amino-2-[11C]methyl-butanoic acid as a potential tumor-imaging agent in a mouse model. Nucl Med Commun 2015; 36:1107-12. [PMID: 26259115 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C-labeled 2-amino-2-methyl-butanoic acid (Iva) was previously reported to provide high tumor uptake; however, the pharmacokinetic properties of C-labeled Iva have not been characterized. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of [C]Iva as a PET probe for tumor imaging. METHODS [C]Iva was incubated in mouse serum for 60 min at 37°C and then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. In-vitro cellular uptake of [C]Iva was determined in PBS and sodium-free buffer at 37°C using SY human small-cell lung cancer cells. The effects of inhibitors of amino acid transporters on [C]Iva uptake were also determined in PBS. In-vivo distribution and dynamic PET studies were conducted in SY tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS [C]Iva was stable in mouse serum in vitro for 60 min. The cellular uptake of [C]Iva was linearly increased for 20 min in both PBS and sodium-free buffer and almost completely inhibited by an inhibitor of system L amino acid transporters and another of LAT1, a transporter of system L. In-vivo distribution and dynamic PET studies showed that [C]Iva was highly accumulated in tumor, but not in normal tissues, except for the pancreas and kidneys. The [C]Iva uptake ratio of tumor to several normal tissues, such as the lung, muscle, and brain, was high. CONCLUSION [C]Iva was stable in mouse serum and transported through system L amino acid transporters including LAT1, which is highly expressed in several tumors. [C]Iva is a promising PET probe for noninvasive tumor imaging.
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Tsuji AB, Sugyo A, Sudo H, Suzuki C, Wakizaka H, Zhang MR, Kato K, Saga T. Preclinical assessment of early tumor response after irradiation by positron emission tomography with 2-amino-[3-¹¹C]isobutyric acid. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2361-7. [PMID: 25813536 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) probe, 2-amino-[3-¹¹C]isobutyric acid ([3-¹¹C]AIB), is reported to accumulate less in inflammatory lesions than 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) and has the potential for evaluation of the efficacy of radiotherapy. To determine whether [3-¹¹C]AIB is useful to monitor early metabolic change in tumors after radiotherapy, we evaluated the temporal change in [3-¹¹C]AIB tumor uptake, tumor volume, histological features and expression of amino acid transporters early after radiotherapy in a mouse tumor model. PET with [3-¹¹C]AIB was conducted in mice bearing a subcutaneous tumor (SY, derived from small cell lung cancer) in two schedules: schedule 1, before (day -1) and after (days 1 and 3) 15 Gy of radiation and schedule 2, days -1, 1 and 5. [3-¹¹C]AIB tumor uptake tended to increase on day 1 after irradiation and decreased thereafter. Tumor uptake was not correlated with tumor volume in schedule 1. Although tumor uptake was correlated with tumor volume in schedule 2, this correlation was lost when the day 5 data of greatly reduced tumor volumes were excluded. In a separate group of tumor-bearing mice, excised tumor sections were stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) or anti-Ki-67 antibody. There was no correlation between tumor uptake and percentages of TUNEL- or Ki-67-positive cells. Expression of amino acid transporters, SLC38A1, SLC38A2 and SLC38A4, was determined by real-time RT-PCR. SLC38A1 and SLC38A2 were expressed in SY tumors, and a significant correlation was observed between [3-¹¹C]AIB tumor uptake and SLC38A1 expression. In conclusion, early change in [3-¹¹C]AIB tumor uptake after irradiation reflected the temporal change in amino acid transporter expression, while it was independent of change in tumor volume, apoptosis and cell proliferation. PET with [3-¹¹C]AIB has the potential for use in non-invasive evaluation of early metabolic change after irradiation before morphological change of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi B Tsuji
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Sugyo
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chie Suzuki
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- Biophysics Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Molecular Probe Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Molecular Probe Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Saga
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Suzuki C, Kato K, Tsuji AB, Zhang MR, Arano Y, Saga T. Inhibition of radical reactions for an improved potassium tert-butoxide-promoted (11) C-methylation strategy for the synthesis of α-(11) C-methyl amino acids. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:127-32. [PMID: 25690316 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
α-(11) C-Methyl amino acids are useful tools for biological imaging studies. However, a robust procedure for the labeling of amino acids has not yet been established. In this study, the (11) C-methylation of Schiff-base-activated α-amino acid derivatives has been optimized for the radiosynthesis of various α-(11) C-methyl amino acids. The benzophenone imine analog of methyl 2-amino butyrate was (11) C-methylated with [(11) C]methyl iodide following its initial deprotonation with potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu). The use of an alternative base such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, triethylamine, and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene did not result in the (11) C-methylated product. Furthermore, the KOtBu-promoted (11) C-methylation of the Schiff-base-activated amino acid analog was enhanced by the addition of 1,2,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and inhibited by the addition of 1,10-phenanthroline. These results suggest that inhibition of radical generation induced by KOtBu improves the α-(11) C-methylation of the Schiff-base-activated amino acids. The addition of a mixture of KOtBu and TEMPO to a solution of Schiff-base-activated amino acid ester and [(11) C]methyl iodide provided optimal results, and the tert-butyl ester and benzophenone imine groups could be readily hydrolyzed to give the desired α-(11) C-methyl amino acids with a high radiochemical conversion. This strategy could be readily applied to the synthesis of other α-(11) C-methyl amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Suzuki
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
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11
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Suzuki C, Kato K, Tsuji AB, Kikuchi T, Zhang MR, Arano Y, Saga T. Synthesis and in vitro cellular uptake of 11C-labeled 5-aminolevulinic acid derivative to estimate the induced cellular accumulation of protoporphyrin IX. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4567-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kikuchi T, Minegishi K, Hashimoto H, Zhang MR, Kato K. The use of tetrabutylammonium fluoride to promoteN- andO-11C-methylation reactions with iodo[11C]methane in dimethyl sulfoxide. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:672-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kikuchi
- Molecular Probe Program, Molecular Imaging Center; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Minegishi
- Molecular Probe Program, Molecular Imaging Center; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Hiroki Hashimoto
- Molecular Probe Program, Molecular Imaging Center; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Molecular Probe Program, Molecular Imaging Center; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Molecular Probe Program, Molecular Imaging Center; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8555 Japan
- Department of Integrative Brain Imaging; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi Kodaira Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
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Ermert J, Coenen HH. Methods for11C- and18F-labelling of amino acids and derivatives for positron emission tomography imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:225-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425; Jülich; Germany
| | - Heinz H. Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425; Jülich; Germany
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Takashima M, Kato K, Ogawa M, Magata Y. One-pot sequential reactions for the synthesis of versatile 11C-labeled olefin frameworks. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43636e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Comparison of 2-amino-[3- 11C]isobutyric acid and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose in nude mice with xenografted tumors and acute inflammation. Nucl Med Commun 2012; 33:1058-64. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e328356efb0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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