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Ramiro JL, Martínez-Caballero S, Neo AG, Díaz J, Marcos CF. The Castagnoli–Cushman Reaction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062654. [PMID: 36985626 PMCID: PMC10058692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first reports of the reaction of imines and cyclic anhydrides by Castagnoli and Cushman, this procedure has been applied to the synthesis of a variety of lactams, some of them with important synthetic or biological interest. The scope of the reaction has been extended to the use of various Schiff bases and anhydrides as well as to different types of precursors for these reagents. In recent years, important advances have been made in understanding the mechanism of the reaction, which has historically been quite controversial. This has helped to develop reaction conditions that lead to pure diastereomers and even homochiral products. In addition, these mechanistic studies have also led to the development of new multicomponent versions of the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction that allow products with more diverse and complex molecular structures to be easily obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Ramiro
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sonia Martínez-Caballero
- Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y las Matemáticas, Facultad de Formación de Profesorado, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ana G. Neo
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.N.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carlos F. Marcos
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.N.); (C.F.M.)
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2
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Cushman M. Design and Synthesis of Indenoisoquinolines Targeting Topoisomerase I and Other Biological Macromolecules for Cancer Chemotherapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17572-17600. [PMID: 34879200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that certain indenoisoquinolines inhibit the religation reaction of DNA in the topoisomerase I-DNA-indenoisoquinoline ternary complex led to a structure-based drug design research program which resulted in three representatives that entered Phase I clinical trials in cancer patients at the National Cancer Institute. This has stimulated a great deal of interest in the design and execution of new synthetic pathways for indenoisoquinoline production. More recently, modulation of the substitution pattern and chemical nature of substituents on the indenoisoquinoline scaffold has resulted in a widening scope of additional biological targets, including RXR, PARP-1, MYC promoter G-quadruplex, topoisomerase II, estrogen receptor, VEGFR-2, HIF-1α, and tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterases 1 and 2. Furthermore, convincing evidence has been advanced supporting the potential use of indenoisoquinolines for the treatment of diseases other than cancer. The rapidly expanding indenoisoquinoline knowledge base has provided a firm foundation for further advancements in indenoisoquinoline chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cushman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Liang X, Wu Q, Luan S, Yin Z, He C, Yin L, Zou Y, Yuan Z, Li L, Song X, He M, Lv C, Zhang W. A comprehensive review of topoisomerase inhibitors as anticancer agents in the past decade. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:129-168. [PMID: 30917303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The topoisomerase enzymes play an important role in DNA metabolism, and searching for enzyme inhibitors is an important target in the search for new anticancer drugs. Discovery of new anticancer chemotherapeutical capable of inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes is highlighted in anticancer research. Therefore, biologists, organic chemists and medicinal chemists all around the world have been identifying, designing, synthesizing and evaluating a variety of novel bioactive molecules targeting topoisomerase. This review summarizes types of topoisomerase inhibitors in the past decade, and divides them into nine classes by structural characteristics, including N-heterocycles compounds, quinone derivatives, flavonoids derivatives, coumarin derivatives, lignan derivatives, polyphenol derivatives, diterpenes derivatives, fatty acids derivatives, and metal complexes. Then we discussed the application prospect and development of these anticancer compounds, as well as concluded parts of their structural-activity relationships. We believe this review would be invaluable in helping to further search potential topoisomerase inhibition as antitumor agent in clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shangxian Luan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Min He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Arepalli SK, Park B, Lee K, Jo H, Jun KY, Kwon Y, Kang JS, Jung JK, Lee H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3-diphenylbenzo[f][1,7]naphthyrdines. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5586-5597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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5
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Huang CY, Kavala V, Kuo CW, Konala A, Yang TH, Yao CF. Synthesis of Biologically Active Indenoisoquinoline Derivatives via a One-Pot Copper(II)-Catalyzed Tandem Reaction. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1961-1968. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Veerababurao Kavala
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chun-Wei Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ashok Konala
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Tang-Hao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan R.O.C
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Abstract
AbstractSulfur and nitrogen (half-)mustard carbonate analogues are a new class of compounds, easily synthesized by methoxycarbonylation reaction of the parent alcohols with dialkyl carbonates. In this work, their reactivity as novel, green electrophiles is reported. Reactions have been conducted in autoclave conditions at high temperature (180°C), under pressure and in absence of any base, as well as, in neat at atmospheric pressure, lower temperature (150°C) and in the presence of a catalytic amount of a base. Several nucleophiles have been investigated resulting, in some cases, in unexpected compounds, i.e., six-membered heterocycle piperidine. Reaction mechanism and kinetics have been studied confirming that these compounds retain the anchimeric effect of their mustard gas analogues, without being toxic. Noteworthy, a symmetrical nitrogen mustard carbonate has also been employed as reagent in the preparation of a new family of macrocycles i.e., azacrowns, before not easily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Aricò
- 1Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University, 2137 Dorsoduro, 30123 Venezia
| | - Pietro Tundo
- 1Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University, 2137 Dorsoduro, 30123 Venezia
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Synthesis and biological activity of ferrocenyl indeno[1,2-c]isoquinolines as topoisomerase II inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:651-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Thi TP, Decuyper L, Quang TL, The CP, Dang Thi TA, Nguyen HT, Le Nhat TG, Thanh TN, Thi PH, D’hooghe M, Van Nguyen T. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel indenoisoquinoline-propan-2-ol hybrids. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Montmorillonite-KSF-catalyzed synthesis of 4-heteroarylidene-N-arylhomophthalimides by Knoevenagel condensation. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Arico' F, Evaristo S, Tundo P. Behaviour of iprit carbonate analogues in solventless reactions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur iprit carbonate analogues showed to undergo nucleophilic substitution with several substrates in neat conditions at atmospheric pressure, in the presence and in the absence of a catalytic amount of base.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Arico'
- Green Chemistry Group
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- Informatics and Statistics
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice
- Venezia 30123, Italy
| | - S. Evaristo
- Green Chemistry Group
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- Informatics and Statistics
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice
- Venezia 30123, Italy
| | - P. Tundo
- Green Chemistry Group
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- Informatics and Statistics
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice
- Venezia 30123, Italy
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Aricò F, Chiurato M, Peltier J, Tundo P. Sulfur and Nitrogen Mustard Carbonate Analogues. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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