1
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A Structure-Based View on ABC-Transporter Linked to Multidrug Resistance. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020495. [PMID: 36677553 PMCID: PMC9862083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the first ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, whose overexpression in cancer cells is responsible for exporting anticancer drugs out of tumor cells, initiated enormous efforts to overcome tumor cell multidrug resistance (MDR) by inhibition of ABC-transporter. Because of its many physiological functions, diverse studies have been conducted on the mechanism, function and regulation of this important group of transmembrane transport proteins. In this review, we will focus on the structural aspects of this transporter superfamily. Since the resolution revolution of electron microscope, experimentally solved structures increased rapidly. A summary of the structures available and an overview of recent structure-based studies are provided. More specifically, the artificial intelligence (AI)-based predictions from AlphaFold-2 will be discussed.
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2
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Teodori E, Braconi L, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Dei S. The Tetrahydroisoquinoline Scaffold in ABC Transporter Inhibitors that Act as Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Reversers. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2535-2569. [PMID: 36284399 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221025111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure of anticancer chemotherapy is often due to the development of resistance to a variety of anticancer drugs. This phenomenon is called multidrug resistance (MDR) and is related to the overexpression of ABC transporters, such as P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance- associated protein 1 and breast cancer resistance protein. Over the past few decades, several ABC protein modulators have been discovered and studied as a possible approach to evade MDR and increase the success of anticancer chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the co-administration of pump inhibitors with cytotoxic drugs, which are substrates of the transporters, does not appear to be associated with an improvement in the therapeutic efficacy of antitumor agents. However, more recently discovered MDR reversing agents, such as the two tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives tariquidar and elacridar, are characterized by high affinity towards the ABC proteins and by reduced negative properties. Consequently, many analogs of these two derivatives have been synthesized, with the aim of optimizing their MDR reversal properties. OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe the MDR modulators carrying the tetraidroisoquinoline scaffold reported in the literature in the period 2009-2021, highlighting the structural characteristics that confer potency and/or selectivity towards the three ABC transport proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Many compounds have been synthesized in the last twelve years showing interesting properties, both in terms of potency and selectivity. Although clear structure-activity relationships can be drawn only by considering strictly related compounds, some of the compounds reviewed could be promising starting points for the design of new ABC protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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3
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Updated chemical scaffolds of ABCG2 inhibitors and their structure-inhibition relationships for future development. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Zattoni IF, Kronenberger T, Kita DH, Guanaes LD, Guimarães MM, de Oliveira Prado L, Ziasch M, Vesga LC, Gomes de Moraes Rego F, Picheth G, Gonçalves MB, Noseda MD, Ducatti DRB, Poso A, Robey RW, Ambudkar SV, Moure VR, Gonçalves AG, Valdameri G. A new porphyrin as selective substrate-based inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109718. [PMID: 34717915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ABCG2 transporter plays a pivotal role in multidrug resistance, however, no clinical trial using specific ABCG2 inhibitors have been successful. Although ABC transporters actively extrude a wide variety of substrates, photodynamic therapeutic agents with porphyrinic scaffolds are exclusively transported by ABCG2. In this work, we describe for the first time a porphyrin derivative (4B) inhibitor of ABCG2 and capable to overcome multidrug resistance in vitro. The inhibition was time-dependent and 4B was not itself transported by ABCG2. Independently of the substrate, the porphyrin 4B showed an IC50 value of 1.6 μM and a mixed type of inhibition. This compound inhibited the ATPase activity and increased the binding of the conformational-sensitive antibody 5D3. A thermostability assay confirmed allosteric protein changes triggered by the porphyrin. Long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations revealed a different behavior between the ABCG2 porphyrinic substrate pheophorbide a and the porphyrin 4B. Pheophorbide a was able to bind in three different protein sites but 4B showed one binding conformation with a strong ionic interaction with GLU446. The inhibition was selective toward ABCG2, since no inhibition was observed for P-glycoprotein and MRP1. Finally, this compound successfully chemosensitized cells that overexpress ABCG2. These findings reinforce that substrates may be a privileged source of chemical scaffolds for identification of new inhibitors of multidrug resistance-linked ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Fatima Zattoni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, 70211, Finland; Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diogo Henrique Kita
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Melanie Ziasch
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luis C Vesga
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, 70211, Finland; Research Group in Biochemistry and Microbiology (GIBIM), School of Chemistry, Industrial University of Santander, A.A. 678, Bucaramanga, Colombia; Research Group on Organic Compounds of Medicinal Interest (CODEIM), Technological Park of Guatiguara, Industrial University of Santander, A. A. 678, Piedecuesta, Colombia
| | | | - Geraldo Picheth
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos Brown Gonçalves
- Department of Physics, Federal Technological University of Paraná, 80230-901 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Miguel D Noseda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Diogo R B Ducatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, 70211, Finland; Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vivian Rotuno Moure
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucio Valdameri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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5
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Yu Q, Ni D, Kowal J, Manolaridis I, Jackson SM, Stahlberg H, Locher KP. Structures of ABCG2 under turnover conditions reveal a key step in the drug transport mechanism. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4376. [PMID: 34282134 PMCID: PMC8289821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCG2 is a multidrug transporter that affects drug pharmacokinetics and contributes to multidrug resistance of cancer cells. In previously reported structures, the reaction cycle was halted by the absence of substrates or ATP, mutation of catalytic residues, or the presence of small-molecule inhibitors or inhibitory antibodies. Here we present cryo-EM structures of ABCG2 under turnover conditions containing either the endogenous substrate estrone-3-sulfate or the exogenous substrate topotecan. We find two distinct conformational states in which both the transport substrates and ATP are bound. Whereas the state turnover-1 features more widely separated NBDs and an accessible substrate cavity between the TMDs, turnover-2 features semi-closed NBDs and an almost fully occluded substrate cavity. Substrate size appears to control which turnover state is mainly populated. The conformational changes between turnover-1 and turnover-2 states reveal how ATP binding is linked to the closing of the cytoplasmic side of the TMDs. The transition from turnover-1 to turnover-2 is the likely bottleneck or rate-limiting step of the reaction cycle, where the discrimination of substrates and inhibitors occurs. ABCG2 is a transporter contributing to multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Here, structures of human ABCG2 under turnover conditions reveal distinct conformational states, provide insight into the transport cycle and suggest a mechanism of discrimination between substrates and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dongchun Ni
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, SB, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Kowal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Manolaridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Scott M Jackson
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, SB, EPFL, and Dep. Fund. Microbiol., Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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6
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Kowal J, Ni D, Jackson SM, Manolaridis I, Stahlberg H, Locher KP. Structural Basis of Drug Recognition by the Multidrug Transporter ABCG2. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166980. [PMID: 33838147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABCG2 is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter whose function affects the pharmacokinetics of drugs and contributes to multidrug resistance of cancer cells. While its interaction with the endogenous substrate estrone-3-sulfate (E1S) has been elucidated at a structural level, the recognition and recruitment of exogenous compounds is not understood at sufficiently high resolution. Here we present three cryo-EM structures of nanodisc-reconstituted, human ABCG2 bound to anticancer drugs tariquidar, topotecan and mitoxantrone. To enable structural insight at high resolution, we used Fab fragments of the ABCG2-specific monoclonal antibody 5D3, which binds to the external side of the transporter but does not interfere with drug-induced stimulation of ATPase activity. We observed that the binding pocket of ABCG2 can accommodate a single tariquidar molecule in a C-shaped conformation, similar to one of the two tariquidar molecules bound to ABCB1, where tariquidar acts as an inhibitor. We also found single copies of topotecan and mitoxantrone bound between key phenylalanine residues. Mutagenesis experiments confirmed the functional importance of two residues in the binding pocket, F439 and N436. Using 3D variability analyses, we found a correlation between substrate binding and reduced dynamics of the nucleotide binding domains (NBDs), suggesting a structural explanation for drug-induced ATPase stimulation. Our findings provide additional insight into how ABCG2 differentiates between inhibitors and substrates and may guide a rational design of new modulators and substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kowal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Dongchun Ni
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Scott M Jackson
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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7
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Pecyna P, Wargula J, Murias M, Kucinska M. More Than Resveratrol: New Insights into Stilbene-Based Compounds. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1111. [PMID: 32726968 PMCID: PMC7465418 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of a scaffold concerns many aspects at different steps on the drug development path. In medicinal chemistry, the choice of relevant "drug-likeness" scaffold is a starting point for the design of the structure dedicated to specific molecular targets. For many years, the chemical uniqueness of the stilbene structure has inspired scientists from different fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmacy, and medicine. In this review, we present the outstanding potential of the stilbene-based derivatives. Naturally occurring stilbenes, together with powerful synthetic chemistry possibilities, may offer an excellent approach for discovering new structures and identifying their therapeutic targets. With the development of scientific tools, sophisticated equipment, and a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis at the molecular level, the stilbene scaffold has moved innovation in science. This paper mainly focuses on the stilbene-based compounds beyond resveratrol, which are particularly attractive due to their biological activity. Given the "fresh outlook" about different stilbene-based compounds starting from stilbenoids with particular regard to isorhapontigenin and methoxy- and hydroxyl- analogues, the update about the combretastatins, and the very often overlooked and underestimated benzanilide analogues, we present a new story about this remarkable structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pecyna
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wargula
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Kucinska
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
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8
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Abstract
The concept of a scaffold concerns many aspects at different steps on the drug development path. In medicinal chemistry, the choice of relevant "drug-likeness" scaffold is a starting point for the design of the structure dedicated to specific molecular targets. For many years, the chemical uniqueness of the stilbene structure has inspired scientists from different fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmacy, and medicine. In this review, we present the outstanding potential of the stilbene-based derivatives. Naturally occurring stilbenes, together with powerful synthetic chemistry possibilities, may offer an excellent approach for discovering new structures and identifying their therapeutic targets. With the development of scientific tools, sophisticated equipment, and a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis at the molecular level, the stilbene scaffold has moved innovation in science. This paper mainly focuses on the stilbene-based compounds beyond resveratrol, which are particularly attractive due to their biological activity. Given the "fresh outlook" about different stilbene-based compounds starting from stilbenoids with particular regard to isorhapontigenin and methoxy- and hydroxyl- analogues, the update about the combretastatins, and the very often overlooked and underestimated benzanilide analogues, we present a new story about this remarkable structure.
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9
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Antoni F, Bause M, Scholler M, Bauer S, Stark SA, Jackson SM, Manolaridis I, Locher KP, König B, Buschauer A, Bernhardt G. Tariquidar-related triazoles as potent, selective and stable inhibitors of ABCG2 (BCRP). Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112133. [PMID: 32105979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tariquidar derivatives have been described as potent and selective ABCG2 inhibitors. However, their susceptibility to hydrolysis limits their applicability. The current study comprises the synthesis and characterization of novel tariquidar-related inhibitors, obtained by bioisosteric replacement of the labile moieties in our previous tariquidar analog UR-ME22-1 (9). CuAAC ("click" reaction) gave convenient access to a triazole core as a substitute for the labile amide group and the labile ester moiety was replaced by different acyl groups in a Sugasawa reaction. A stability assay proved the enhancement of the stability in blood plasma. Compounds UR-MB108 (57) and UR-MB136 (59) inhibited ABCG2 in a Hoechst 33342 transport assay with an IC50 value of about 80 nM and belong to the most potent ABCG2 inhibitors described so far. Compound 57 was highly selective, whereas its PEGylated analog 59 showed some potency at ABCB1. Both 57 and 59 produced an ABCG2 ATPase-depressing effect which is in agreement with our precedent cryo-EM study identifying 59 as an ATPase inhibitor that exerts its effect via locking the inward-facing conformation. Thermostabilization of ABCG2 by 57 and 59 can be taken as a hint to comparable binding to ABCG2. As reference substances, compounds 57 and 59 allow additional mechanistic studies on ABCG2 inhibition. Due to their stability in blood plasma, they are also applicable in vivo. The highly specific inhibitor 57 is suited for PET labeling, helping to further elucidate the (patho)physiological role of ABCG2, e.g. at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Antoni
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Manuel Bause
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Scholler
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simone A Stark
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Scott M Jackson
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Manolaridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Peña-Solórzano D, Scholler M, Bernhardt G, Buschauer A, König B, Ochoa-Puentes C. Tariquidar-Related Chalcones and Ketones as ABCG2 Modulators. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:854-859. [PMID: 30128080 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABC transporters, including ABCG2, play a vital role in defending the human body against the vast range of xenobiotics. Even though this is beneficial for human health, these protein transporters have been implicated in the emerging resistance of cancer cells to a variety of structurally and functionally diverse anticancer drugs. In order to investigate their role in resistance, potent and selective ABCG2 modulators have been described in the literature. A leading class of modulators are the tariquidar analogues; however, their susceptibility to hydrolysis limits their applicable use. To overcome this, we synthesized a novel series of chalcone- and ketone-based compounds inspired by reported tariquidar analogues. Compounds were characterized and evaluated for their ABCG2 modulatory activity and ABC transporter selectivity. When compared to transporters ABCB1 and ABCC1, the chalcone-based compounds exhibited selectivity for ABCG2, while the ketone-based compounds showed only a slight preference for ABCG2. From the former series, chalcone 16d (UR-DP48) displayed similar activity to the reference fumitremorgin C, both producing comparable maximal effects. The compound exhibited marked antiproliferative activity, while cytotoxicity was less pronounced for the most active compound 17f from the ketone series. Chalcone-containing tariquidar analogues are promising modulators to aid in functional investigations of ABCG2 transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Peña-Solórzano
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia−Sede Bogotá, 5997 Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristian Ochoa-Puentes
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica Sostenible, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia−Sede Bogotá, 5997 Bogotá, Colombia
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11
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Jackson SM, Manolaridis I, Kowal J, Zechner M, Taylor NMI, Bause M, Bauer S, Bartholomaeus R, Bernhardt G, Koenig B, Buschauer A, Stahlberg H, Altmann KH, Locher KP. Structural basis of small-molecule inhibition of human multidrug transporter ABCG2. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:333-340. [PMID: 29610494 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ABCG2 is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that protects tissues against xenobiotics, affects the pharmacokinetics of drugs and contributes to multidrug resistance. Although many inhibitors and modulators of ABCG2 have been developed, understanding their structure-activity relationship requires high-resolution structural insight. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of human ABCG2 bound to synthetic derivatives of the fumitremorgin C-related inhibitor Ko143 or the multidrug resistance modulator tariquidar. Both compounds are bound to the central, inward-facing cavity of ABCG2, blocking access for substrates and preventing conformational changes required for ATP hydrolysis. The high resolutions allowed for de novo building of the entire transporter and also revealed tightly bound phospholipids and cholesterol interacting with the lipid-exposed surface of the transmembrane domains (TMDs). Extensive chemical modifications of the Ko143 scaffold combined with in vitro functional analyses revealed the details of ABCG2 interactions with this compound family and provide a basis for the design of novel inhibitors and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Jackson
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Manolaridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Kowal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Zechner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas M I Taylor
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuel Bause
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruben Bartholomaeus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guenther Bernhardt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Koenig
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Peña-Solórzano D, Stark SA, König B, Sierra CA, Ochoa-Puentes C. ABCG2/BCRP: Specific and Nonspecific Modulators. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:987-1050. [PMID: 28005280 DOI: 10.1002/med.21428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is the development of resistance to a variety of structurally and functionally nonrelated anticancer drugs. This phenomenon has become a major obstacle to cancer chemotherapy seriously affecting the clinical outcome. MDR is associated with increased drug efflux from cells mediated by an energy-dependent mechanism involving the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, mainly P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), the MDR-associated protein-1 (ABCC1), and the breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). The first two transporters have been widely studied already and reviews summarized the results. The ABCG2 protein has been a subject of intense study since its discovery as its overexpression has been detected in resistant cell lines in numerous types of human cancers. To date, a long list of modulators of ABCG2 exists and continues to increase. However, little is known about the clinical consequences of ABCG2 modulation. This makes the design of novel, potent, and nontoxic inhibitors of this efflux protein a major challenge to reverse MDR and thereby increase the success of chemotherapy. The aim of the present review is to describe and highlight specific and nonspecific modulators of ABCG2 reported to date based on the selectivity of the compounds, as many of them are effective against one or more ABC transport proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Peña-Solórzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Macromoléculas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, 5997, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Cesar Augusto Sierra
- Grupo de Investigación en Macromoléculas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, 5997, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cristian Ochoa-Puentes
- Grupo de Investigación en Macromoléculas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, 5997, Bogotá, Colombia
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13
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Obreque-Balboa JE, Sun Q, Bernhardt G, König B, Buschauer A. Flavonoid derivatives as selective ABCC1 modulators: Synthesis and functional characterization. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 109:124-33. [PMID: 26774038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of chromones, bearing substituted amino groups or N-substituted carboxamide moieties in position 2, was synthesized and characterized in cellular assays for modulation of the ABC transporters ABCC1 (MDCKII-MRP1 cells), ABCB1 (Kb-V1 cells) and ABCG2 (MCF-7/Topo cells). The most potent ABCC1 modulators identified among these flavonoid-type compounds were comparable to the reference compound reversan regarding potency, but superior in terms of selectivity concerning ABCB1 and ABCG2 (2-[4-(Benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-5,7-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one (51): ABCC1, IC50 11.3 μM; inactive at ABCB1 and ABCG2). Compound 51 was as effective as reversan in reverting ABCC1-mediated resistance to cytostatics in MDCKII-MRP1 cells and proved to be stable in mouse plasma and cell culture medium. Modulators, such as compound 51, are of potential value as pharmacological tools for the investigation of the (patho)physiological role of ABCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiu Sun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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14
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Jabor Gozzi G, Bouaziz Z, Winter E, Daflon-Yunes N, Aichele D, Nacereddine A, Marminon C, Valdameri G, Zeinyeh W, Bollacke A, Guillon J, Lacoudre A, Pinaud N, Cadena SM, Jose J, Le Borgne M, Di Pietro A. Converting potent indeno[1,2-b]indole inhibitors of protein kinase CK2 into selective inhibitors of the breast cancer resistance protein ABCG2. J Med Chem 2014; 58:265-77. [PMID: 25272055 DOI: 10.1021/jm500943z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of indeno[1,2-b]indole-9,10-dione derivatives were synthesized as human casein kinase II (CK2) inhibitors. The most potent inhibitors contained a N(5)-isopropyl substituent on the C-ring. The same series of compounds was found to also inhibit the breast cancer resistance protein ABCG2 but with totally different structure-activity relationships: a N(5)-phenethyl substituent was critical, and additional hydrophobic substituents at position 7 or 8 of the D-ring or a methoxy at phenethyl position ortho or meta also contributed to inhibition. The best ABCG2 inhibitors, such as 4c, 4h, 4i, 4j, and 4k, behaved as very weak inhibitors of CK2, whereas the most potent CK2 inhibitors, such as 4a, 4p, and 4e, displayed limited interaction with ABCG2. It was therefore possible to convert, through suitable substitutions of the indeno[1,2-b]indole-9,10-dione scaffold, potent CK2 inhibitors into selective ABCG2 inhibitors and vice versa. In addition, some of the best ABCG2 inhibitors, which displayed a very low cytotoxicity, thus giving a high therapeutic ratio, and appeared not to be transported, constitute promising candidates for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Jabor Gozzi
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2014, BMSSI UMR 5086 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, IBCP, 69367 Lyon, France
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15
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Montanari F, Ecker GF. BCRP Inhibition: from Data Collection to Ligand-Based Modeling. Mol Inform 2014; 33:322-31. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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16
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Winter E, Lecerf-Schmidt F, Gozzi G, Peres B, Lightbody M, Gauthier C, Ozvegy-Laczka C, Szakacs G, Sarkadi B, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Boumendjel A, Di Pietro A. Structure-activity relationships of chromone derivatives toward the mechanism of interaction with and inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein ABCG2. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9849-60. [PMID: 24304387 DOI: 10.1021/jm401649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We recently identified a chromone derivative, 5-(4-bromobenzyloxy)-2-(2-(5-methoxyindolyl)ethyl-1-carbonyl)-4H-chromen-4-one, named here as chromone 1, as a potent, selective, nontoxic, and nontransported inhibitor of ABCG2-mediated drug efflux (Valdameri et al. J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 966). We have now synthesized a series of 14 derivatives to study the structure-activity relationships controlling both drug efflux and ATPase activity of ABCG2 and to elucidate their molecular mechanism of interaction and inhibition. It was found that the 4-bromobenzyloxy substituent at position 5 and the methoxyindole are important for both inhibition of mitoxantrone efflux and inhibition of basal ATPase activity. Quite interestingly, methylation of the central amide nitrogen strongly altered the high affinity for ABCG2 and the complete inhibition of mitoxantrone efflux and coupled ATPase activity. These results allowed the identification of a critical central inhibitory moiety of chromones that has never been investigated previously in any series of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Winter
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2013, BMSSI UMR 5086 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, IBCP , 69367 Lyon, France
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17
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Bauer S, Ochoa-Puentes C, Sun Q, Bause M, Bernhardt G, König B, Buschauer A. Quinoline Carboxamide-Type ABCG2 Modulators: Indole and Quinoline Moieties as Anilide Replacements. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1773-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Pajeva IK, Sterz K, Christlieb M, Steggemann K, Marighetti F, Wiese M. Interactions of the multidrug resistance modulators tariquidar and elacridar and their analogues with P-glycoprotein. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1701-13. [PMID: 23943604 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tariquidar and elacridar are among the most potent inhibitors of the multidrug resistance transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), but how they interact with the protein is yet unknown. In this work, we describe a possible way in which these inhibitors interact with P-gp. We rely on structure-activity relationship analysis of a small group of tariquidar and elacridar analogues that was purposefully selected, designed, and tested. Structural modifications of the compounds relate to the presence or absence of functional groups in the tariquidar and elacridar scaffolds. The activity of the compounds was evaluated by their effects on the accumulation of P-gp substrates rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 33342 in resistant tumor cells. The data allow estimation of the ability of the compounds to interact with the experimentally proposed R- and H-sites to which rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 33342 bind, respectively. Using an inward-facing homology model of human P-gp based on the crystallographic structure of mouse P-gp, we demonstrate that these binding sites may overlap with the binding sites of the QZ59 ligands co-crystallized with mouse P-gp. Based on this SAR analysis, and using flexible alignment and docking, we propose possible binding modes for tariquidar and elacridar. Our results suggest the possibility for the studied compounds to bind to sites that coincide or overlap with the binding sites of rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 33342. These results contribute to further understanding of structure-function relationships of P-gp and can help in the design of selective and potent P-gp inhibitors with potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilza K Pajeva
- Institute of Biophysics & Biomedical Engineering (IBPhBME), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl. 105, 1113 Sofia (Bulgaria).
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19
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Ochoa-Puentes C, Bauer S, Kühnle M, Bernhardt G, Buschauer A, König B. Benzanilide-Biphenyl Replacement: A Bioisosteric Approach to Quinoline Carboxamide-Type ABCG2 Modulators. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:393-6. [PMID: 24900683 DOI: 10.1021/ml4000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently reported compounds such as UR-COP78 (6) are among the most potent and selective ABCG2 modulators known so far but are prone to rapid enzymatic cleavage at the central benzanilide moiety. In search for more stable analogues, according to a bioisosteric approach, a series of N-(biphenyl-3-yl)quinoline carboxamides was prepared by solid phase and solution phase synthesis. The biphenyl moiety was constructed by Suzuki coupling. Inhibition of ABCB1 and ABCG2 was determined in a calcein-AM and a Hoechst 33342 microplate assay, respectively. Most synthesized compounds selectively inhibited the ABCG2 transporter at submicromolar concentrations with a maximal inhibitory effect (I max) over 90% (e.g., UR-COP228 (22a), IC50 591 nM, I max 109%; UR-COP258 (31), IC50 544 nM, I max 112%), though with lower potency and selectivity than 6. The biphenyl analogues are considerably more stable and demonstrate that the benzanilide core is not a crucial structural feature of quinoline carboxamide-type ABCG2 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Ochoa-Puentes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C.,
Colombia
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kühnle
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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