Synthesis of novel triplet drugs with 1,3,5-trioxazatriquinane skeletons and their pharmacologies. 1: Synthesis of triplet drugs with morphinan skeletons

Synthesis of novel triplets with a 1,3,5-trioxazatriquinane skeleton and their pharmacologies for opioid receptors

We designed and synthesized novel triplet molecules with 1,3,5-trioxazatriquinane skeletons. One class comprises double-capped triplets with a morphinan skeleton; the other class comprises simple phenol derivatives with phenethylamine moieties. One compound with m-phenolic hydroxyl group, called SYK-146, is a highly selective, potent agonist for the κ receptor, with activity nearly equivalent to that of U-50488H. The o-phenolic isomer of SYK-146, called SYK-524, showed potent but non-selective agonistic activity for the opioid receptors. We also added several simple phenol derivatives to a library of compounds that target opioid receptors, and they showed high hit rates for the receptor. This library might also be expected to show high hit rates for other receptors.

Synthesis and Pharmacology of a Novel κ Opioid Receptor (KOR) Agonist with a 1,3,5-Trioxazatriquinane Skeleton

We designed and synthesized the 1,3,5-trioxazatriquinane derivatives with m-hydroxyphenyl groups. These compounds include the phenethylamine structure within them, which is a common structure observed in morphinan derivatives like morphine. Among the synthesized compounds, (-)-8c with two m-hydroxyphenyl groups selectively bound and exerted full agonist activity toward the κ opioid receptor (KOR). Subcutaneously administered (-)-8c exhibited significant antinociceptive effects via the KOR in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest the emergence of a novel class of KOR agonist.

Synthesis of novel triplet drugs with 1,3,5-trioxazatriquinane skeletons and their pharmacologies. 3: synthesis of novel triplet drugs with the bis(epoxymethano) or bis(dimethylepoxymethano) structure (double-capped triplet)

Novel double-capped triplet drugs, which have one pharmacophore unit and two epoxymethano or dimethylepoxymethano structures (termed cap or diMe-cap structures, respectively) were synthesized. Key intermediate oxazoline 16 derived from acetone enabled the effective synthesis of double-capped triplets. SYK-134 (7a) and SYK-135 (8a) with N-cyclopropylmethyl substituent and cap structures showed selectivities for the κ opioid receptor. On the other hand, the N-Me series exhibited selectivities for the μ opioid receptor. The double-capped triplet drugs with diMe-cap structures preferred the μ receptor independently of their N-substituents. SYK-385 (19b), one of the μ-selective double-capped triplet drugs, showed the highest selectivity for the μ receptor among the reported μ-selective nonpeptide ligands.

Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2011

This paper is the thirty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2011 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).