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Faghih Z, Khabnadideh S, Sakhteman A, Shirazi AK, Yari HA, Chatraei A, Rezaei Z, Sadeghian S. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of novel carbazole-benzylpiperazine hybrids as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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2
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Kumar N, Gupta P, Bansal S. Progress and Development of Carbazole Scaffold Based as Potential Anti-
Alzheimer Agents Using MTDL Approach. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220314144219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disease (NDs) found in old age people with associated
most common symptom dementia. MTDLs (Multi-Target Direct Ligand strategy) is based on a combination
of two or more bioactive pharmacophores into a single molecule and this phenomenon has received a
great attention in the new era of modern drug discovery and emerging as a choice to treat this complex
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In last fifteen years, many research groups designed, and synthesized new
carbazole integrated molecules linked with other bioactive pharmacophores like thiazoles, carvedilol, α-
naphthylaminopropan-2-ol, tacrine, ferulic acid, piperazine, coumarin, chalcones, stilbene, benzyl piperidine,
adamantane, quinoline, phthalocyanines, α-amino phosphonate, thiosemicarbazones, hydrazones,
etc. derivatives using MTDLs approach to confront AD. The present review entails the scientific data on
carbazole hybrids as potential Anti-Alzheimer activities from 2007 to 2021 that have shown potential
anti-Alzheimer activities through multiple target pathways thereby promising hope for new drug development
to confront AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences (SMAS), K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna road, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Sanskar College of Pharmacy and Research (SCPR), NH-24, Ahead Masuri Canal, Ghaziabad 201302, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences (SMAS), K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna road, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sahil Bansal
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences (SMAS), K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna road, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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3
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Cho SM, Kim JY, Han S, Ryu DH. Visible Light-Mediated Enantioselective Addition of α-Aminoalkyl Radicals to Ketones Catalyzed by Chiral Oxazaborolidinium Ion. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11196-11203. [PMID: 35912586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of a visible light-mediated synthetic method for chiral 1,2-amino tertiary alcohols is described. In the presence of a chiral oxazaborolidinium ion catalyst and photosensitizer, the enantioselective addition of an α-aminoalkyl radical to aryl methyl ketones under visible light provides chiral 1,2-amino tertiary alcohol derivatives in high yields (up to 88%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). With mechanistic studies such as radical trapping analysis, radical clock analysis, and the measurement of quantum yield, a plausible catalytic cycle is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Shinyeong Han
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Korea
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4
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Phyto-Carbazole Alkaloids from the Rutaceae Family as Potential Protective Agents against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030493. [PMID: 35326143 PMCID: PMC8944741 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived (phyto) carbazole alkaloids are an important class of compounds, presented in the family of Rutaceae (Genera Murraya, Clausena, Glycosmis, Micromelum and Zanthoxylum). Due to several significant biological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-HIV and neuroprotective activities of the parent skeleton (3-methylcarbazole), carbazole alkaloids are recognized as an important class of potential therapeutic agents. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) may exhibit a vast range of conditions, affecting neurons primarily and leading ultimately to the progressive losses of normal motor and cognitive functions. The main pathophysiological indicators of NDs comprise increasing atypical protein folding, oxidative stresses, mitochondrial dysfunctions, deranged neurotransmissions and neuronal losses. Phyto-carbazole alkaloids can be investigated for exerting multitarget approaches to ameliorating NDs. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of the available scientific literature on the neuroprotective mechanisms of phyto-carbazole alkaloids from the Rutaceae family in ameliorating NDs.
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5
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Seen SB, Gong Y, Ashton M. The application of the Fischer indole synthesis in medicinal chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Sadeghian B, Sakhteman A, Faghih Z, Nadri H, Edraki N, Iraji A, Sadeghian I, Rezaei Z. Design, synthesis and biological activity evaluation of novel carbazole-benzylpiperidine hybrids as potential anti Alzheimer agents. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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7
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Kim JY, Lee YS, Choi Y, Ryu DH. Enantioselective 1,2-Addition of α-Aminoalkyl Radical to Aldehydes via Visible-Light Photoredox Initiated Chiral Oxazaborolidinium Ion Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yea Suel Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yuna Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Korea
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8
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Zhao YL, Huang X, Liu LW, Wang PY, Long QS, Tao QQ, Li Z, Yang S. Identification of Racemic and Chiral Carbazole Derivatives Containing an Isopropanolamine Linker as Prospective Surrogates against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria: In Vitro and In Vivo Assays and Quantitative Proteomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7512-7525. [PMID: 31180659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent observations on the emergence of drug-resistant plant pathogenic bacteria have highlighted and elicited an acute campaign to develop novel, highly efficient antibiotic surrogates for managing bacterial diseases in agriculture. Thus, a type of racemic and chiral carbazole derivative containing an isopropanolamine pattern was systematically synthesized to discover low-cost and efficient antibacterial candidates. Screening results showed that compounds 2f, 6c, and 2j could significantly suppress the growth of tested plant pathogens, namely Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, X. axonopodis pv citri, and Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae, and provided the corresponding EC50 values of 1.27, 0.993, and 0.603 μg/mL, which were significantly better than those of existing commercial drugs. In vivo studies confirmed their prospective applications for controlling plant bacterial diseases. Label-free quantitative proteomics analysis indicated that compound 2f could dramatically induce the up- and down-regulation of a total of 247 differentially expressed proteins, which was further validated by the parallel reaction monitoring technique. Moreover, fluorescence spectra and SEM images were obtained to further explore the antibacterial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Xing Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Pei-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Qing-Su Long
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Qing-Qing Tao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai China 200237
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
- College of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai China 200237
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9
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Kaya S, Gökce H, El-Azab AS, Sert Y, Alanazi MM, Öztürk N, Al-Agamy MHM, Abdel-Aziz AAM. Structural, Spectroscopic, Electronic and Molecular Docking Studies on (11 R
,12 S
)-16-Aminotetracyclo[6.6.2.0 2,7
.0 9,14
]hexadeca-2(7),3,5,9(14),10,12-hexaen-15-ol. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serdal Kaya
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Giresun University; 28200 Giresun Turkey
| | - Halil Gökce
- Vocational School of Health Services; Giresun University, 28200; Giresun Turkey
| | - Adel S. El-Azab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Yusuf Sert
- Sorgun Vocational School; Bozok University; 66100 Yozgat Turkey
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuri Öztürk
- Dereli Vocational School; Giresun University; 28950 Giresun Turkey
| | - Mohamed H. M. Al-Agamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A.-M. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Mansoura University; 35516 Mansoura Egypt
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10
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Bertini S, Ghilardi E, Asso V, Minutolo F, Rapposelli S, Digiacomo M, Saccomanni G, Salmaso V, Sturlese M, Moro S, Macchia M, Manera C. Sulfonamido-derivatives of unsubstituted carbazoles as BACE1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4812-4816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Zolghadr AR, Heydari Dokoohaki M. How Does the P7C3-Series of Neuroprotective Small Molecules Prevent Membrane Disruption? J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:2009-2019. [PMID: 28691805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to suggest a mechanism of action for the aminopropyl dibromocarbazole derivative (P7C3) small molecule, which protects neurons from apoptotic cell death. At first, the influence of embedded Aβ42 stacks on the structure of membrane is studied. Then, the effect of P7C3 molecules on the Aβ42 fibril enriched membrane and Aβ42 fibril depleted membrane (when Aβ42 fibrils are originally dissolved in the aqueous phase) are evaluated. Also, the formation of an amyloid ion channel in the Aβ42 enriched membrane is examined by calculating deuterium order parameter, density profile, and surface thickness. For Aβ42 in the fully inserted state, ion channel-like structures are formed. The presence of P7C3 molecules in this case just postpones membrane destruction but could not prevent pore formation. In contrast, when both Aβ42 and P7C3 molecules are embedded in the aqueous solution, the P7C3 molecules are self-assembled at membrane/ionic aqueous solution interface and prevent the precipitation and deposition of Aβ42 fibrils into the membrane.
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12
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Sokolov VB, Aksinenko AY, Epishina TA, Goreva TV. Double alkylation of carbazoles with epibromohydrin. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363216100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Wang W, Sun X, Sun D, Li S, Yu Y, Yang T, Yao J, Chen Z, Duan L. Carbazole Aminoalcohols Induce Antiproliferation and Apoptosis of Human Tumor Cells by Inhibiting Topoisomerase I. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2675-2681. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis; Key laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health; Shanghai 200025 China
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Deheng Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shizhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis; Key laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Yang Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Tingyuan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Junmin Yao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis; Key laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Liping Duan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis; Key laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health; Shanghai 200025 China
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14
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Sokolov VB, Aksinenko AY, Epishina TA, Goreva TV. Catalytic alkylation of cycloalkaneindoles and tetrahydro-γ-carboline with 9-oxiranylmethylcarbazole. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363216080089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Synthesis and Properties of Optically Active Helical Polyethers Bearing Indole or Carbazole Derivatives. Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Hurley KA, Heinrich VA, Hershfield JR, Demons ST, Weibel DB. Membrane-Targeting DCAP Analogues with Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:466-71. [PMID: 25941556 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a structure-activity relationship study of 2-((3-(3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (DCAP), which is an antibacterial agent that disrupts the membrane potential and permeability of bacteria. The stereochemistry of DCAP had no effect on the biological activity of DCAP. The aromaticity and electronegativity of the chlorine-substituted carbazole was required for activity, suggesting that its planar and dipolar characteristics orient DCAP in membranes. Increasing the hydrophobicity of the tail region of DCAP enhanced its antibiotic activity. Two DCAP analogues displayed promising antibacterial activity against the BSL-3 pathogens Bacillus anthracis and Francisella tularensis. Codosing DCAP analogues with ampicillin or kanamycin increased their potency. These studies demonstrate that DCAP and its analogues may be a promising scaffold for developing chemotherapeutic agents that bind to bacterial membranes and kill strains of slow-growing or dormant bacteria that cause persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Hurley
- Department
of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Victoria A. Heinrich
- Department
of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jeremy R. Hershfield
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Samandra T. Demons
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Douglas B. Weibel
- Department
of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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17
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Digiacomo M, Chen Z, Wang S, Lapucci A, Macchia M, Yang X, Chu J, Han Y, Pi R, Rapposelli S. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of multifunctional tacrine derivatives against several disease pathways of AD. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:807-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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N-alkyl carbazole derivatives as new tools for Alzheimer's disease: preliminary studies. Molecules 2014; 19:9307-17. [PMID: 24991761 PMCID: PMC6271900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and age-related neurodegenerative disorder affecting brain cells and is the most common form of "dementia", because of the cognitive detriment which takes place. Neuronal disruption represents its major feature, due to the cytosolic accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) which leads to senile plaques formation and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Many studies have focused on the design and therapeutic use of new molecules able to inhibit Aβ aggregation. In this context, we evaluated the ability of two recently synthesized series of N-alkyl carbazole derivatives to increase the Aβ soluble forms, through molecular docking simulations and in vitro experiments. Our data evidenced that two carbazole derivatives, the most active, adopt distinct binding modes involving key residues for Aβ fibrillization. They exhibit a good interfering activity on Aβ aggregation in mouse (N2a) cells, stably expressing wild-type human amyloid precursor protein (APP) 695. These preliminary results are promising and we are confident that the N-alkyl carbazole derivatives may encourage next future studies needed for enlarging the knowledge about the AD disease approach.
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Kumar AB, Anderson JM, Melendez AL, Manetsch R. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of 1,3-disubstituted 2-propanols as BACE-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4740-4. [PMID: 22727644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A library of 1,3-disubstituted 2-propanols was synthesized and evaluated as low molecular weight probes for β-secretase inhibition. By screening a library of 121 1,3-disubstituted 2-propanol derivatives, we identified few compounds inhibiting the enzyme at low micromolar concentrations. The initial hits were optimized to yield a potent BACE-1 inhibitor exhibiting an IC(50) constant in the nanomolar range. Exploration of the pharmacological properties revealed that these small molecular inhibitors possessed a high selectivity over cathepsin D and desirable physicochemical properties beneficial to cross the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Babu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, CHE 205, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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