1
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Zhang X, Gan Q, Ruan Q, Xiao D, Zhang J. Evaluation and comparison of
99m
Tc‐labeled
d
‐glucosamine derivatives with different
99m
Tc cores as potential tumor imaging agents. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Qianqian Gan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Qing Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Di Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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2
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Zhang X, Ruan Q, Jiang Y, Gan Q, Zhang J. Evaluation of 99mTc-CN5DG as a broad-spectrum SPECT probe for tumor imaging. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100966. [PMID: 33246288 PMCID: PMC7701264 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported a [99mTc(ǀ)]+ labeled d-glucoamine derivative (99mTc-CN5DG) and evaluated it as a tumor imaging agent in mice bearing A549 tumor xenografts. In this paper, 99mTc-CN5DG was further studied in U87 MG (human glioma cells), HCT-116 (human colon cancer cells), PANC-1 (human pancreatic cancer cells) and TE-1 (human esophageal cancer cells) tumor xenografts models to verify its potential application for imaging of different kinds of tumors. The biodistribution data showed that 99mTc-CN5DG had a similar biodistribution pattern in four tumor models at 2 h post-injection with high accumulation in tumors and kidneys. The tumor/muscle ratios (from 4.08 ± 0.42 to 9.63 ± 3.53) and tumor/blood ratios (from 17.18 ± 7.40 to 53.17 ± 16.16) of 99mTc-CN5DG in four tumor models were high. All four kinds of tumors could be clearly seen on their corresponding SPECT/CT images. Pharmacokinetic study in healthy CD-1 mice demonstrated that 99mTc-CN5DG cleared fast from blood (2 min, 12.97 ± 0.88%ID/g; 60 min, 0.33 ± 0.06%ID/g) and the blood distribution, elimination half-life was 5.81 min and 21.16 min, respectively. No abnormality was observed through the abnormal toxicity study. All of the above results demonstrated that 99mTc-CN5DG could be a broad-spectrum SPECT probe for tumor imaging and its further clinical application is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Qing Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yuhao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Qianqian Gan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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3
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Abstract
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is the state-of-the-art imaging modality in nuclear medicine despite the fact that only a few new SPECT tracers have become available in the past 20 years. Critical for the future success of SPECT is the design of new and specific tracers for the detection, localization, and staging of a disease and for monitoring therapy. The utility of SPECT imaging to address oncologic questions is dependent on radiotracers that ideally exhibit excellent tissue penetration, high affinity to the tumor-associated target structure, specific uptake and retention in the malignant lesions, and rapid clearance from non-targeted tissues and organs. In general, a target-specific SPECT radiopharmaceutical can be divided into two main parts: a targeting biomolecule (e.g., peptide, antibody fragment) and a γ-radiation-emitting radionuclide (e.g., 99mTc, 123I). If radiometals are used as the radiation source, a bifunctional chelator is needed to link the radioisotope to the targeting entity. In a rational SPECT tracer design, these single components have to be critically evaluated in order to achieve a balance among the demands for adequate target binding, and a rapid clearance of the radiotracer. The focus of this chapter is to depict recent developments of tumor-targeted SPECT radiotracers for imaging of cancer diseases. Possibilities for optimization of tracer design and potential causes for design failure are discussed and highlighted with selected examples.
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4
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Singh S, Singh S, Sharma RK, Kaul A, Mathur R, Tomar S, Varshney R, Mishra AK. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of a 99mTc labelled deoxyglucose complex {[99mTc]DTPA-bis(DG)} as a potential SPECT based probe for tumor imaging. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[99mTc]DTPA-bis(DG): a potent tumor imaging probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singh
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Defence Research and Development Organisation
- Delhi-110054
- India
| | - Sweta Singh
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Defence Research and Development Organisation
- Delhi-110054
- India
| | | | - Ankur Kaul
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Defence Research and Development Organisation
- Delhi-110054
- India
| | - Rashi Mathur
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Defence Research and Development Organisation
- Delhi-110054
- India
| | - Sarika Tomar
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Defence Research and Development Organisation
- Delhi-110054
- India
| | - Raunak Varshney
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Defence Research and Development Organisation
- Delhi-110054
- India
| | - Anil K. Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Defence Research and Development Organisation
- Delhi-110054
- India
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5
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Ding J, Su H, Wang F, Chu T. A pre-targeting strategy for imaging glucose metabolism using technetium-99m labelled dibenzocyclooctyne derivative. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1791-1798. [PMID: 31101473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During the last four decades, nuclear medicine has undergone enormous growth, and positron emission tomography (PET) has been in the driving seat for most of the time. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is the most widely used agent for the detection of hibernating myocardium and metabolically active cancer tissue. But its cost and limited availability are the main limitations. For a long time different researchers and groups of pharmacists have tried to label glucose with a cheaper and long-acting radionuclide like 99mTc. However, they failed to achieve this goal owing to the chemical complexity of 99mTc and the lack of maintaining the physiological activity of diagnostic compounds. A pre-targeting strategy based on strain-promoted [3 + 2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction was applied to solve this problem. Functional click synthons were synthesized: 2-azido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (GlucN3) as a glucose analogue, and N- (2- (2- (2- (bis (pyridin-2-ylmethyl) amino) ethoxy) ethoxy) ethyl-2- (6H-11,12-didehydrodibenzo [a,e] cycloocten-5-ylideneaminooxy) acetamide (C7) as a 99mTc(CO)3 labeling and azido-binding group. The results of biodistribution experiments in mice bearing S180 tumor show the relatively high tumor/blood ratio (up to 2.95) and tumor/muscle ratio (up to 6.37), and both of them decreases significantly in the glucose blocking experiment. It indicates that GlucN3 behaves similarly to glucose and that in vivo SPAAC reactions can occur effectively. It is supposed that this pre-targeting strategy can indeed enhance target specificity and may be used for glucose metabolism imaging in tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ding
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hang Su
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Taiwei Chu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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6
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Nuclear Imaging of Glucose Metabolism: Beyond 18F-FDG. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:7954854. [PMID: 31049045 PMCID: PMC6458935 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7954854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis plays a key role in numerous fundamental aspects of life, and its dysregulation is associated with many important diseases such as cancer. The atypical glucose metabolic phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer and serves as a promising target for tumor specific imaging. At present, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-glucose (18F-FDG)-based positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) represented the state-of-the-art radionuclide imaging technique for this purpose. The powerful impact of 18F-FDG has prompted intensive research efforts into other glucose-based radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Currently, glucose and its analogues have been labeled with various radionuclides such as 99mTc, 111In, 18F, 68Ga, and 64Cu and have been successfully investigated for tumor metabolic imaging in many preclinical studies. Moreover, 99mTc-ECDG has advanced into its early clinical trials and brings a new era of tumor imaging beyond 18F-FDG. In this review, preclinical and early clinical development of glucose-based radiopharmaceuticals for tumor metabolic imaging will be summarized.
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7
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Zhang X, Ruan Q, Duan X, Gan Q, Song X, Fang S, Lin X, Du J, Zhang J. Novel 99mTc-Labeled Glucose Derivative for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography: A Promising Tumor Imaging Agent. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3417-3424. [PMID: 29985620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a d-glucosamine derivative with an isonitrile group (CN5DG) was synthesized and it was chosen to coordinate with 99mTc for preparing 99mTc-CN5DG. 99mTc-CN5DG could be readily obtained with high radiochemical purity (>95%) and had great in vitro stability and metabolic stability in urine. The radiotracer demonstrated a positive response to the administration of glucose and insulin in S180 and A549 tumor cells in vitro, suggesting the mechanism of 99mTc-CN5DG into tumor cells was related to glucose transporters. Biodistribution studies in mice bearing A549 xenografts showed 99mTc-CN5DG had a high tumor uptake and high tumor-to-background ratios. SPECT/CT images further supported its ability for tumor imaging. As a cheap, conveniently made and widely available probe, 99mTc-CN5DG would become a potential "working horse" and be a breakthrough in 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals for tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Zhang
- Department of Isotopes , China Institute of Atomic Energy , P.O. Box 2108 , Beijing 102413 , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Du
- Department of Isotopes , China Institute of Atomic Energy , P.O. Box 2108 , Beijing 102413 , China
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8
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Petriev VM, Tishchenko VK, Krasikova RN. 18F-FDG and Other Labeled Glucose Derivatives for Use in Radionuclide Diagnosis of Oncological Diseases (Review). Pharm Chem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-016-1425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Liu T, Gan Q, Zhang J, Jin Z, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Synthesis and biodistribution of novel 99mTcN complexes of glucose dithiocarbamate as potential probes for tumor imaging. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00127k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
99mTcN-3b can be prepared from a kit without the need for purification and would be a promising tumor imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
| | - Qianqian Gan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
| | - Zhonghui Jin
- Nuclear Medicine Department
- Peking University 3rd Hospital
- Beijing 100191
- PR China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Nuclear Medicine Department
- Peking University 3rd Hospital
- Beijing 100191
- PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Nuclear Medicine Department
- Peking University 3rd Hospital
- Beijing 100191
- PR China
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10
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Dapueto R, Aguiar RB, Moreno M, Machado CML, Marques FLN, Gambini JP, Chammas R, Cabral P, Porcal W. Technetium glucose complexes as potential cancer imaging agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4254-9. [PMID: 26318991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
GLUT's (facilitative glucose transporters) over-expression in tumor cells has allowed the detection of several cancer types, using a glucose analogue ((18)F-FDG) with PET images, worldwide. New glucose analogs radiolabeled with (99m)Tc could be a less-expensive and more accessible alternative for diagnosis using SPECT imaging. d-Glucose ((99m)Tc-IDAG) and 2-d-deoxyglucose ((99m)Tc-AADG) organometallic complexes were proposed and studied as potential (18)F-FDG surrogates. The glucose complexes were prepared and evaluated as potential cancer imaging agents, in a melanoma tumor model. Iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and aminoacetate (AA) moieties were chosen as chelating system for radiolabeling with (99m)Tc. Tumor uptake of the formed complexes was evaluated in B16 murine cell line in vitro and in vivo in melanoma bearing C57BL/6 mice. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted with (18)F-FDG in order to compare the uptake of (99m)Tc-glucose complexes in the tumor model. IDAG and AADG compounds were synthesized and radiolabeled with (99m)TcO4(-) to obtain the (99m)Tc-IDAG and (99m)Tc-AADG complexes in high yield and stability. In vitro cell studies showed maximum uptake at 60 min for complexes, (99m)Tc-IDAG and (99m)Tc-AADG, with 6% and 2%, respectively. Biodistribution studies showed high tumor uptake one hour post-injection, reaching tumor-to-muscle ratios of 12.1 ± 3.73 and 2.88 ± 1.40 for (99m)Tc-IDAG and (99m)Tc-AADG, respectively. SPECT and micro-SPECT-CT images acquired after the injection of (99m)Tc-IDAG showed accumulation in tumor sites, suggesting that this glucose complex would be a promising candidate for cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Dapueto
- Laboratorio de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rodrigo B Aguiar
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - María Moreno
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Camila M L Machado
- Centro de Medicina Nuclear, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Trav. R. Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos s/n, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Fabio L N Marques
- Centro de Medicina Nuclear, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Trav. R. Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos s/n, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Juan P Gambini
- Centro de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Av Italia s/n, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Pablo Cabral
- Laboratorio de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Williams Porcal
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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11
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Lin X, Chao X, Zhang J, Jin Z, Zhang Y. Preparation and biodistribution of a 99mTc tricarbonyl complex with deoxyglucose dithiocarbamate as a tumor imaging agent for SPECT. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3964-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Synthesis and evaluation of 99mTc–2-[(3-carboxy-1-oxopropyl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose as a potential tumor imaging agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3882-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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13
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Ribeiro Morais G, Falconer RA, Santos I. Carbohydrate-Based Molecules for Molecular Imaging in Nuclear Medicine. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Morais GR, Paulo A, Santos I. Organometallic Complexes for SPECT Imaging and/or Radionuclide Therapy. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300501d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Goreti Ribeiro Morais
- Unidade de Ciências
Quı́micas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto
Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional
10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- Unidade de Ciências
Quı́micas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto
Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional
10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santos
- Unidade de Ciências
Quı́micas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto
Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional
10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
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15
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Fernández S, Crócamo N, Incerti M, Giglio J, Scarone L, Rey A. Preparation and preliminary bioevaluation of a 99mTc(CO)3-glucose derivative prepared by a click chemistry route. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Fernández
- Cátedra de Radioquímica, Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - Nancy Crócamo
- Cátedra de Radioquímica, Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Incerti
- Cátedra de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - Javier Giglio
- Cátedra de Radioquímica, Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - Laura Scarone
- Cátedra de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - Ana Rey
- Cátedra de Radioquímica, Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Montevideo; Uruguay
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