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Bupropion and its photoreactive analog (±)-SADU-3-72 interact with luminal and non-luminal sites at human α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neurochem Int 2016; 100:67-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Koola MM, Fawcett J. Dextroamphetamine and Pramipexole Combination for Treatment-Resistant Unipolar Depression. Psychiatr Ann 2016; 46:429-431. [PMID: 27667864 DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20160624-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maju Mathew Koola
- Attending Psychiatrist, Sheppard Pratt Health System; and an Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Jan Fawcett
- Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine
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Kumar V, Yarravarapu N, Lapinsky DJ, Perley D, Felts B, Tomlinson MJ, Vaughan RA, Henry LK, Lever JR, Newman AH. Novel Azido-Iodo Photoaffinity Ligands for the Human Serotonin Transporter Based on the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (S)-Citalopram. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5609-19. [PMID: 26153715 PMCID: PMC4515784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Three photoaffinity ligands (PALs)
for the human serotonin transporter
(hSERT) were synthesized based on the selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor (SSRI), (S)-citalopram (1).
The classic 4-azido-3-iodo-phenyl group was appended to either the
C-1 or C-5 position of the parent molecule, with variable-length linkers,
to generate ligands 15, 22, and 26. These ligands retained high to moderate affinity binding (Ki = 24–227 nM) for hSERT, as assessed
by [3H]5-HT transport inhibition. When tested against Ser438Thr
hSERT, all three PALs showed dramatic rightward shifts in inhibitory
potency, with Ki values ranging from 3.8
to 9.9 μM, consistent with the role of Ser438 as a key residue
for high-affinity binding of many SSRIs, including (S)-citalopram. Photoactivation studies demonstrated irreversible adduction
to hSERT by all ligands, but the reduced (S)-citalopram
inhibition of labeling by [125I]15 compared
to that by [125I]22 and [125I]26 suggests differences in binding mode(s). These radioligands
will be useful for characterizing the drug–protein binding
interactions for (S)-citalopram at hSERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- †Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Nageswari Yarravarapu
- ‡Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - David J Lapinsky
- ‡Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Danielle Perley
- §Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Bruce Felts
- §Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Michael J Tomlinson
- §Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Roxanne A Vaughan
- §Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - L Keith Henry
- §Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - John R Lever
- ∥Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States.,⊥Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, 800 Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- †Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Borah A, Goswami L, Neog K, Gogoi P. DMF Dimethyl Acetal as Carbon Source for α-Methylation of Ketones: A Hydrogenation–Hydrogenolysis Strategy of Enaminones. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4722-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Borah
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India
| | - Limi Goswami
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India
| | - Kashmiri Neog
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India
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Immadisetty K, Geffert LM, Surratt CK, Madura JD. New design strategies for antidepressant drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1399-414. [PMID: 23991860 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.830102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In spite of research efforts spanning six decades, the most prominent antidepressant drugs to date still carry several adverse effects, often serious enough to warrant discontinuation of the drug. Molecular mechanisms of depression are now better understood such that some of the specific receptors responsible can be targeted for activation or inhibition. This advance, coupled with the recent availability of crystal structures of relevant drug targets or their homologs, has opened the door for new antidepressant therapeutic compounds. AREAS COVERED The authors review the evolution of monoamine-based antidepressant drugs, up to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The authors discuss classic and contemporary antidepressant drug design strategies, with a focus on virtual screening and fragment-based drug design methods. Furthermore, they discuss the recent advancements in the understanding of the serotonin transporter (SERT) structure/function relationship in the context of recognition of SSRIs and outline a strategy for the use of computational approaches in producing new SSRI lead compounds. EXPERT OPINION The authors suggest that given the long-awaited availability of credible three-dimensional structures for the SERT and related monoamine transporter proteins, cutting-edge computational methods should be the linchpin of future drug discovery efforts regarding monoamine-based antidepressant lead compounds. Because these transporter inhibitors cause a ubiquitous increase in extraneuronal neurotransmitter levels leading to side and adverse therapeutic effects, the drug discovery should extend to appropriate manipulation of the 'downstream' receptors affected by the neurotransmitter boost. Efficient use of new computational strategies will accelerate the drug discovery process and reduce its economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Immadisetty
- Duquesne University, Center for Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , 600 Forbes Ave, 308 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 , USA +1 412 396 4129 ; +1 412 396 5683 ;
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Arias HR, Feuerbach D, Targowska-Duda KM, Aggarwal S, Lapinsky DJ, Jozwiak K. Structural and functional interaction of (±)-2-(N-tert-butylamino)-3'-iodo-4'-azidopropiophenone, a photoreactive bupropion derivative, with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:1433-41. [PMID: 23103524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of (±)-2-(N-tert-butylamino)-3'-iodo-4'-azidopropiophenone [(±)-SADU-3-72], a photoreactive analog of bupropion (BP), were characterized at different muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) by functional and structural approaches. Ca²⁺ influx results indicate that (±)-SADU-3-72 is 17- and 6-fold more potent than BP in inhibiting human (h) embryonic (hα1β1γδ) and adult (hα1β1εδ) muscle AChRs, respectively. (±)-SADU-3-72 binds with high affinity to the [³H]TCP site within the resting or desensitized Torpedo AChR ion channel, whereas BP has higher affinity for desensitized AChRs. Molecular docking results indicate that both SADU-3-72 enantiomers interact with the valine (position 13') and serine (position 6') rings. However, an additional domain, between the outer (position 20') and valine rings, is observed in Torpedo AChR ion channels. Our results indicate that the azido group of (±)-SADU-3-72 may enhance its interaction with polar groups and the formation of hydrogen bonds at AChRs, thus supporting the observed higher potency and affinity of (±)-SADU-3-72 compared to BP. Collectively our results are consistent with a model where BP/SADU-3-72 and TCP bind to overlapping sites within the lumen of muscle AChR ion channels. Based on these results, we believe that (±)-SADU-3-72 is a promising photoprobe for mapping the BP binding site, especially within the resting AChR ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R Arias
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
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Lapinsky DJ, Yarravarapu N, Nolan TL, Surratt CK, Lever JR, Tomlinson M, Vaughan RA, Deutsch HM. Evolution of a Compact Photoprobe for the Dopamine Transporter Based on (±)-threo-Methylphenidate. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:378-382. [PMID: 23066448 DOI: 10.1021/ml3000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of photoaffinity ligands for determining covalent points of attachment to the dopamine transporter (DAT) has predominantly focused on tropane-based compounds bearing variable-length linkers between the photoreactive group and inhibitor pharmacophore. In order to expand the array of photoprobes useful for mapping inhibitor-binding pockets within the DAT, a compact non-tropane ligand was synthesized featuring a photoreactive azide and iodine tag directly attached to the aromatic ring of (±)-threo-methylphenidate. (±)-threo-4-Azido-3-iodomethylphenidate ((±)-6); K(i) = 4.0 ± 0.8 nM) displayed high affinity for hDAT. Moreover, a radioiodinated analog of (±)-6 demonstrated covalent ligation to the DAT in cultured cells and rat striatal membranes, thus suggesting the potential utility of this photoprobe in DAT structure-function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Lapinsky
- Division of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Nageswari Yarravarapu
- Division of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Tammy L. Nolan
- Division of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Christopher K. Surratt
- Division of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - John R. Lever
- Departments of Radiology, and
Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, One Hospital Drive, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United
States
- Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Medical Center, 800 Hospital Drive, Columbia,
Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Michael Tomlinson
- Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North
Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Roxanne A. Vaughan
- Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North
Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Howard M. Deutsch
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
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Pandhare A, Hamouda AK, Staggs B, Aggarwal S, Duddempudi PK, Lever JR, Lapinsky DJ, Jansen M, Cohen JB, Blanton MP. Bupropion binds to two sites in the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor transmembrane domain: a photoaffinity labeling study with the bupropion analogue [(125)I]-SADU-3-72. Biochemistry 2012; 51:2425-35. [PMID: 22394379 DOI: 10.1021/bi300101r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bupropion, a clinically used antidepressant and smoking-cessation drug, acts as a noncompetitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). To identify its binding site(s) in nAChRs, we developed a photoreactive bupropion analogue, (±)-2-(N-tert-butylamino)-3'-[(125)I]-iodo-4'-azidopropiophenone (SADU-3-72). Based on inhibition of [(125)I]SADU-3-72 binding, SADU-3-72 binds with high affinity (IC(50) = 0.8 μM) to the Torpedo nAChR in the resting (closed channel) state and in the agonist-induced desensitized state, and bupropion binds to that site with 3-fold higher affinity in the desensitized (IC(50) = 1.2 μM) than in the resting state. Photolabeling of Torpedo nAChRs with [(125)I]SADU-3-72 followed by limited in-gel digestion of nAChR subunits with endoproteinase Glu-C established the presence of [(125)I]SADU-3-72 photoincorporation within nAChR subunit fragments containing M1-M2-M3 helices (αV8-20K, βV8-22/23K, and γV8-24K) or M1-M2 helices (δV8-14). Photolabeling within βV8-22/23K, γV8-24K, and δV8-14 was reduced in the desensitized state and inhibited by ion channel blockers selective for the resting (tetracaine) or desensitized (thienycyclohexylpiperidine (TCP)) state, and this pharmacologically specific photolabeling was localized to the M2-9 leucine ring (δLeu(265), βLeu(257)) within the ion channel. In contrast, photolabeling within the αV8-20K was enhanced in the desensitized state and not inhibited by TCP but was inhibited by bupropion. This agonist-enhanced photolabeling was localized to αTyr(213) in αM1. These results establish the presence of two distinct bupropion binding sites within the Torpedo nAChR transmembrane domain: a high affinity site at the middle (M2-9) of the ion channel and a second site near the extracellular end of αM1 within a previously described halothane (general anesthetic) binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Pandhare
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
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