1
|
KSNM60: The History of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences in Korea. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 56:114-126. [DOI: 10.1007/s13139-022-00744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
2
|
Zheng L, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ji A, Lou H, Liu X, Chen H, Cheng Z. Development of Mitochondria-Targeted Small-Molecule Dyes for Myocardial PET and Fluorescence Bimodal Imaging. J Med Chem 2021; 65:497-506. [PMID: 34937337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescent dual-modal probes are rarely reported. As one of the most promising lipophilic cations, F16 and its derivatives (F16s) have never been used for myocardial imaging. In this work, 14 F16s are synthesized and evaluated for cardiac imaging. In vitro cell fluorescence imaging revealed that the lead probe 5MEF is precisely localized in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes. In addition, it shows excellent ex vivo fluorescence imaging quality with the heart-to-muscle and heart-to-liver ratios up to ∼2. Furthermore, the radiofluorinated probe 18F-5MEF is successfully prepared and shows a high initial heart uptake of 8.66 ± 0.34 % ID/g at 5 min post injection. It displays a high heart imaging performance, a long retention time in the heart, and a low background in the most normal tissues as revealed by PET. To our knowledge, this is the first time novel F16 analogues are designed and developed for myocardial dual-modal imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yujing Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Aiyan Ji
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyue Lou
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingdang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Osborne BE, Yue TTC, Waters ECT, Baark F, Southworth R, Long NJ. Synthesis and ex vivo biological evaluation of gallium-68 labelled NODAGA chelates assessing cardiac uptake and retention. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14695-14705. [PMID: 34585706 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabelled lipophilic cations can be used to non-invasively report on mitochondrial dysfunction in diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cardiotoxicity and cancer. Several such lipophilic cations are currently used clinically to map myocardial perfusion using SPECT imaging. Since PET offers significant advantages over SPECT in terms of sensitivity, resolution and the capacity for dynamic imaging to allow pharmacokinetic modelling, we have synthesised and radiolabelled a series of NODAGA-based radiotracers, with triarylphosphonium-functionalisation, with gallium-68 to develop PET-compatible cationic complexes. To evaluate their capacity to report upon mitochondrial membrane potential, we assessed their pharmacokinetic profiles in isolated perfused rat hearts before and after mitochondrial depolarisation with the ionophore CCCP. All three tracers radiolabel with over 96% RCY, with log D7.4 values above -0.4 observed for the most lipophilic example of this family of radiotracers. The candidate tracer [68Ga]Ga4c exhibited non-preferential uptake in healthy cardiac tissue over CCCP-infused cardiac tissue. While this approach does show promise, the lipophilicity of this family of probes needs improving in order for them to be effective cardiac imaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E Osborne
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Thomas T C Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Edward C T Waters
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Friedrich Baark
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Richard Southworth
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesis and Evaluation of 18F-Labeled Fluoroalkyl Triphenylphosphonium Salts as Mitochondrial Voltage Sensors in PET Myocardial Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34118031 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1262-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
We have previously reported that radiolabeled phosphonium cations accumulate in the mitochondria down a transmembrane potential gradient. We present an optimized procedure for synthesis of three [18F]-labeled fluoroalkyl triphenylphosphonium salts ([18F]FATPs) via two-step simple nucleophilic substitution reactions to develop new myocardial imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) . The total reaction time of [18F]FATPs was within 60 min, and the overall decay-corrected radiochemical yield was approximately 15-30% (decay corrected). Radiochemical purity was >98% according to analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) . The specific activity of [18F]FATPs was >6.1 TBq/μmol. The [18F]FATPs exhibited higher first-pass extraction fraction values in isolated heart, higher uptake in the myocardium, and a more rapid clearance from the liver and lung than [13N]NH3 in normal rats. The images from rats with an occluded left coronary artery demonstrated sharply defined myocardial defects in the corresponding area of the myocardium. This imaging technology may enable high-throughput, multiple studies daily and wide distribution of PET myocardial studies in clinic.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cho SG, Kong EJ, Kang WJ, Paeng JC, Bom HSH, Cho I. KSNM60 in Cardiology: Regrowth After a Long Pause. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 55:151-161. [PMID: 34422125 PMCID: PMC8322215 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-021-00702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine (KSNM) is celebrating its 60th anniversary in honor of the nuclear medicine professionals who have dedicated their efforts towards research, academics, and the more comprehensive clinical applications and uses of nuclear imaging modalities. Nuclear cardiology in Korea was at its prime time in the 1990s, but its growth was interrupted by a long pause. Despite the academic and practical challenges, nuclear cardiology in Korea now meets the second leap, attributed to the growth in molecular imaging tailored for many non-coronary diseases and the genuine values of nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging. In this review, we describe the trends, achievements, challenges, and perspectives of nuclear cardiology throughout the 60-year history of the KSNM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Geon Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42415 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Paeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Henry Bom
- 5Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihnho Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42415 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi S, Liu Z, Wu Z, Zhou H, Lu J. Preparation and biological evaluation of radioiodine-labeled triphenylphosphine derivatives as mitochondrial targeting probes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:271-281. [PMID: 33870522 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The positive-charged lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cations (TPPs+ ) have been served as mitochondrial targeting vehicles for the delivery of various probes. In this study, we developed a new method for the preparation of radioiodine-labeled TPPs+ . Four 125 I-labeled TPPs+ , [125 I] 9-[125 I] 12, were prepared from the corresponding triphenylphosphine phenylborate precursors of B 5-B 8 via an optimized copper-catalyzed one-step procedure in high radiochemical yield (>95%). After radio-HPLC purification, the final products could be obtained with high specific activity. Their physicochemical properties, in vitro cellular uptake, and ex vivo mice biodistribution were investigated. The results suggested the 125 I-labeled TPPs+ were lipophilic and could specifically accumulate in the mitochondrial-rich myocardial cells through the mitochondrial membrane potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zelan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Research progress of 18F labeled small molecule positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112629. [PMID: 32956956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With the development of positron emission tomography (PET) technology, a variety of PET imaging agents labeled with radionuclide 18F have been developed and widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various clinical diseases in recent years. For example, they have showed a great value of study in the field of tumor detection, tumor treatment and evaluation of tumor therapy in a non-invasive, qualitative and quantitative way. In this review, we highlight the recent development in chemical synthesis, structure and characterization, imaging characterization, and potential applications of these 18F labeled small molecule PET imaging agents for the past five years. The development and application of 18F labeled small molecules will expand our knowledge of the function and distribution of diseases-related molecular targets and shed light on the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including tumors.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao F, Peng C, Li J, Zhuang R, Guo Z, Xu D, Su X, Zhang X. Radioiodinated progesterone derivative for progesterone receptor targeting with enhanced nucleus uptake via phenylboronic acid conjugation. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:301-309. [PMID: 31032992 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel 131 I-radiolabeled probe with aromatic boronate motif (131 I-EIPBA) was designed to target progesterone receptor (PR)-positive breast cancer with enhanced nucleus uptake. Acetylene progesterone was conjugated with pegylated phenylboronic acid via click reaction and radiolabeled with 131 I to afford 131 I-EIPBA. Meanwhile, 131 I-EIPB without boronate was prepared as control agent. After determination of the lipophilicity and stability of these tracers, in vitro cell uptake studies and in vivo biodistribution in rats were performed to verify the enhanced nucleus uptake and PR targeting ability of 131 I-EIPBA. 131 I-EIPBA was obtained with moderate radiochemical yield (40.35 ± 3.52%) and high radiochemical purity (>98%). As expected, the high binding affinity (39.58 nM) of 131 I-EIPBA for PR was determined by cell binding assay. The internalization ratio of 131 I-EIPBA was remarkably higher than that of 131 I-EIPB in PR-positive MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the enhanced nucleus uptake of 131 I-EIPBA (0.59 ± 0.02%) was found to be significantly higher than that of 131 I-EIPB (0.13 ± 0.01%) in MCF-7 cells. A novel 131 I-EIPBA compound was developed for PR targeting with improved cellular nucleus uptake. Furthermore, the introduction of aromatic boronate motif provides a worthwhile strategy for enhancing the nuclear receptor targeting of tracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenyu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jindian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinhui Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith AJ, Gawne PJ, Ma MT, Blower PJ, Southworth R, Long NJ. Synthesis, gallium-68 radiolabelling and biological evaluation of a series of triarylphosphonium-functionalized DO3A chelators. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15448-15457. [PMID: 30328444 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02966k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Radiolabelled lipophilic cations that accumulate in mitochondria according to the magnitude of the mitochondrial membrane potential can be used to report non-invasively on mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease, cardiotoxicity, and cancer. While several such cations are already commercially available for SPECT imaging, PET offers greater promise in terms of sensitivity, resolution, and capacity for dynamic imaging and pharmacokinetic modelling. We have therefore synthesised a series of three triarylphosphonium-functionalised DO3A chelators for positron emitter gallium-68, with differing alkyl-functionalisation motifs to provide opportunities for tunable lipophilicity as a means of optimising their pharmacokinetics. To assess their capacity to report on mitochondrial membrane potential, we assessed their pharmacokinetic profiles in isolated tumour cells and isolated perfused rat hearts before and after mitochondrial depolarisation with the ionophore CCCP. All three compounds radiolabelled with over 97% RCY and exhibited log D values of between -3.12 and -1.81. In vitro assessment of the uptake of the radiotracers in cultured tumour cells showed a three-fold increase in uptake compared to unchelated [68Ga]Ga(iii). However, each complex exhibited less than 1% retention in healthy hearts, which was not significantly diminished by mitochondrial depolarisation with CCCP. This preliminary work suggests that while this approach is promising, the lipophilicity of this class of tracers must be increased in order for them to be useful as cardiac or cancer imaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim DY, Cho SG, Bom HS. Emerging Tracers for Nuclear Cardiac PET Imaging. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 52:266-278. [PMID: 30100939 PMCID: PMC6066491 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-018-0521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial perfusion imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) has several advantages over single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The recent advances in SPECT technology have shown promise, but there is still a large need for PET in the clinical management of coronary artery disease (CAD). Especially, absolute quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) using PET is extremely important. In spite of considerable advances in the diagnosis of CAD, novel PET radiopharmaceuticals remain necessary for the diagnosis of CAD because clinical use of current cardiac radiotracers is limited by their physical characteristics, such as decay mode, emission energy, and half-life. Thus, the use of a radioisotope that has proper characteristics and a proper half-life to develop myocardial perfusion agents could overcome these limitations. In this review, the current state of cardiac PET and a general overview of novel 18F or 68Ga-labeled radiotracers, including their radiosynthesis, in vivo characterization, and evaluation, are provided. The future perspectives are discussed in terms of their potential usefulness based on new image analysis methods and hybrid imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58128 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Geon Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58128 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Bom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58128 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paparidis G, Akrivou M, Tsachouridou V, Shegani A, Vizirianakis IS, Pirmettis I, Papadopoulos MS, Papagiannopoulou D. Synthesis and evaluation of 99mTc/Re-tricarbonyl complexes of the triphenylphosphonium cation for mitochondrial targeting. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 57:34-41. [PMID: 29227814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipophilic delocalized cations accumulate in tumor cell mitochondria due to their higher transmembrane potential. In this work, this strategy was adopted for the development of 99mTc tumor-targeted imaging agents. METHODS Two tridentate ligands containing the triphenylphosphonium cation, L1 (S-cysteinyl) and L2 (N-iminodiacetate) as well as the respective 99mTc/ReL1 and 99mTc/ReL2 tricarbonyl complexes were synthesized. The effect of the ligands and the Re complexes on cell growth in U-87 MG glioblastoma cells was assessed. In vitro stability studies and measurement of logP of the 99mTc tracers was performed. The cellular and mitochondrial uptake of the 99mTc tracers in U-87 MG cells was evaluated. Biodistribution of 99mTcL1 and 99mTcL2 were performed on SCID mice bearing U-87 MG tumors. RESULTS The ligands L1, L2 and the Re1 and ReL2 complexes were characterized spectroscopically. Single products 99mTcL1 and 99mTcL2, >90% stable in rat serum, were obtained. LogP was 0.40±0.14 for 99mTcL1 and -0.02±0.07 for 99mTcL2. L1, ReL1 and ReL2 caused no notable cytotoxicity and L2 was found to infer 40% inhibition of cellular growth at 10-5M as well as 80% cell death in culture at 10-4M. The cell uptake of 99mTcL1 and 99mTcL2 over 4h was 1.26±0.08% and 0.06±0.01% respectively, of which 13.41±3.63% and 18.61±6.19% was distributed in the mitochondria respectively. The initial tumor uptake in mice was found to be >1% ID/g for both 99mTc tracers. CONCLUSIONS In vitro mitochondrial and in vivo tumor targeting was observed, better in 99mTcL1, however these properties should be optimized in future studies. Advances in Knowledge and Implications for Patient Care: Continuous efforts in this direction may lead to a suitable mitochondrial-targeted 99mTc imaging agent for tumor detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Paparidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Akrivou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vicky Tsachouridou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonio Shegani
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pirmettis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Minas S Papadopoulos
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysia Papagiannopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zielonka J, Sikora A, Hardy M, Ouari O, Vasquez-Vivar J, Cheng G, Lopez M, Kalyanaraman B. Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Based Compounds: Syntheses, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10043-10120. [PMID: 28654243 PMCID: PMC5611849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 951] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Currently, the most effective way to deliver drugs specifically to mitochondria is by covalent linking a lipophilic cation such as an alkyltriphenylphosphonium moiety to a pharmacophore of interest. Other delocalized lipophilic cations, such as rhodamine, natural and synthetic mitochondria-targeting peptides, and nanoparticle vehicles, have also been used for mitochondrial delivery of small molecules. Depending on the approach used, and the cell and mitochondrial membrane potentials, more than 1000-fold higher mitochondrial concentration can be achieved. Mitochondrial targeting has been developed to study mitochondrial physiology and dysfunction and the interaction between mitochondria and other subcellular organelles and for treatment of a variety of diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. In this Review, we discuss efforts to target small-molecule compounds to mitochondria for probing mitochondria function, as diagnostic tools and potential therapeutics. We describe the physicochemical basis for mitochondrial accumulation of lipophilic cations, synthetic chemistry strategies to target compounds to mitochondria, mitochondrial probes, and sensors, and examples of mitochondrial targeting of bioactive compounds. Finally, we review published attempts to apply mitochondria-targeted agents for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology Laboratories, Cardiovascular Foundation of Colombia, Carrera 5a No. 6-33, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia, 681003
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B No. 36-00, Cali, Colombia, 760032
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen S, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Fang W, Lu J, Zhang X. Effect of methoxy group position on biological properties of 18 F–labeled benzyl triphenylphosphonium cations. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 49:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
The present study aimed to discuss the role of mitochondrion in cardiac function and disease. The mitochondrion plays a fundamental role in cellular processes ranging from metabolism to apoptosis. The mitochondrial-targeted molecular imaging could potentially illustrate changes in global and regional cardiac dysfunction. The collective changes that occur in mitochondrial-targeted molecular imaging probes have been widely explored and developed. As probes currently used in the preclinical setting still have a lot of shortcomings, the development of myocardial metabolic activity, viability, perfusion, and blood flow molecular imaging probes holds great potential for accurately evaluating the myocardial viability and functional reserve. The advantages of molecular imaging provide a perspective on investigating the mitochondrial function of the myocardium in vivo noninvasively and quantitatively. The molecular imaging tracers of single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography could give more detailed information on myocardial metabolism and restoration. In this study, series mitochondrial-targeted 99mTc-, 123I-, and 18F-labeled tracers displayed broad applications because they could provide a direct link between mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
van der Born D, Pees A, Poot AJ, Orru RVA, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fluorine-18 labelled building blocks for PET tracer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4709-4773. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and application of fluorine-18 labelled building blocks since 2010.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dion van der Born
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Anna Pees
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules
- Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)
- VU University Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mou T, Zhao Z, You L, Li Y, Wang Q, Fang W, Lu J, Peng C, Zhang X. Synthesis and Evaluation of (18)F-labeled Pyridaben Analogues for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Mice, Rats and Chinese mini-swine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33450. [PMID: 27646847 PMCID: PMC5028837 DOI: 10.1038/srep33450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports three novel 18F-labeled pyridaben analogues for potential myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Three precursors and the corresponding nonradioactive compounds were synthesized and characterized. The radiolabeled tracers were obtained by substituting tosyl with 18F. The total radiosynthesis time of these tracers was 70–90 min. Typical decay-corrected radiochemical yields were 47–58%, with high radiochemical purities (>98%). Tracers were evaluated as MPI agents in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. In the mouse biodistribution study, all three radiotracers showed high initial heart uptake (34–54% ID/g at 2 min after injection) and fast liver clearance. In the microPET imaging study, [18F]Fmpp2 produced heart images with good quality in both mice and rats. In the whole-body PET/CT images of mini-swine, [18F]Fmpp2 showed excellent initial heart standardized uptake value (SUV) (7.12 at 5 min p.i.) and good retention (5.75 at 120 min p.i.). The heart/liver SUV ratios were 4.12, 5.42 and 5.99 at 30, 60 and 120 min after injection, respectively. The favorable biological properties of [18F]Fmpp2 suggest that it is worth further investigation as a potential MPI agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Mou
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Linyi You
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yesen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- PET Center, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Synthesis and evaluation of [18F]-fluoromethyl triphenylphosphonium cation as a novel mitochondria-specific positron emission tomography tracer. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 118:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
18
|
Chansaenpak K, Wang H, Wang M, Giglio B, Ma X, Yuan H, Hu S, Wu Z, Li Z. Synthesis and Evaluation of [(18) F]-Ammonium BODIPY Dyes as Potential Positron Emission Tomography Agents for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. Chemistry 2016; 22:12122-9. [PMID: 27405398 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated the potential of a [(18) F]-trimethylammonium BODIPY dye for cardiac imaging. This is the first example of the use of the [(18) F]-ammonium BODIPY dye for positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). In this report, we extend our study to other ammonium BODIPY dyes with different nitrogen substituents. These novel ammonium BODIPY dyes were successfully prepared and radiolabeled by the SnCl4 -assisted (18) F-(19) F isotopic exchange method. The microPET results and the biodistribution data reveal that nitrogen substituent changes have a significant effect on the in vivo and pharmacological properties of the tracers. Of the novel [(18) F]-ammonium BODIPY dyes prepared in this work, the [(18) F]-dimethylethylammonium BODIPY is superior in terms of myocardium uptake and PET imaging contrast. These results support our hypothesis that the ammonium BODIPY dyes have a great potential for use as PET/optical dual-modality MPI probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kantapat Chansaenpak
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA
| | - Benjamin Giglio
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA
| | - Hong Yuan
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA
| | - Shuo Hu
- PET Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA.
| | - Zibo Li
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Z, Jenni S, Zhang C, Merkens H, Lau J, Liu Z, Perrin DM, Bénard F, Lin KS. Synthesis and evaluation of 18F-trifluoroborate derivatives of triphenylphosphonium for myocardial perfusion imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1675-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
20
|
Radiolabeled Phosphonium Salts as Mitochondrial Voltage Sensors for Positron Emission Tomography Myocardial Imaging Agents. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 50:185-95. [PMID: 27540422 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-016-0397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial advances in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, (18)F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals remain necessary to diagnose heart disease because clinical use of current PET tracers is limited by their short half-life. Lipophilic cations such as phosphonium salts penetrate the mitochondrial membranes and accumulate in mitochondria of cardiomyocytes in response to negative inner-transmembrane potentials. Radiolabeled tetraphenylphosphonium cation derivatives have been developed as myocardial imaging agents for PET. In this review, a general overview of these radiotracers, including their radiosynthesis, in vivo characterization, and evaluation is provided and clinical perspectives are discussed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Radiosynthesis and evaluation of 18F-labeled aliphatic phosphonium cations as a myocardial imaging agent for positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Commun 2015; 36:747-54. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
22
|
Kim DY, Kim HS, Reder S, Zheng JH, Herz M, Higuchi T, Pyo AY, Bom HS, Schwaiger M, Min JJ. Comparison of 18F-Labeled Fluoroalkylphosphonium Cations with 13N-NH3 for PET Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1581-6. [PMID: 26069304 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.156794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite substantial advances in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, there is a need for 18F-labeled myocardial perfusion agents for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease because current PET tracers for myocardial perfusion imaging have a short half-life that limits their widespread clinical use in PET. Thus, 18F-labeled fluoroalkylphosphonium derivatives (18F-FATPs), including (5-18F-fluoropentyl)triphenylphosphonium cation (18F-FPTP), (6-18F-fluorohexyl)triphenylphosphonium cation (18F-FHTP), and (2-(2-18F-fluoroethoxy)ethyl)triphenylphosphonium cation (18F-FETP), were synthesized. The myocardial extraction and image quality of the 18F-FATPs were compared with those of 13N-NH3 in rat models. METHODS The first-pass extraction fraction (EF) values of the 18F-FATPs (18F-FPTP, 18F-FHTP, 18F-FETP) and 13N-NH3 were measured in isolated rat hearts perfused with the Langendorff method (flow velocities, 0.5, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mL/min). Normal and myocardial infarction rats were imaged with small-animal PET after intravenous injection of 37 MBq of 18F-FATPs and 13N-NH3. To determine pharmacokinetics, a region of interest was drawn around the heart, and time-activity curves of the 18F-FATPs and 13N-NH3 were generated to obtain the counts per pixel per second. Defect size was analyzed on the basis of polar map images of 18F-FATPs and 13N-NH3. RESULTS The EF values of 18F-FATPs and 13N-NH3 were comparable at low flow velocity (0.5 mL/min), whereas at higher flows EF values of 18F-FATPs were significantly higher than those of 13N-NH3 (4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mL/min, P<0.05). Myocardium-to-liver ratios of 18F-FPTP, 18F-FHTP, 18F-FETP, and 13N-NH3 were 2.10±0.30, 4.36±0.20, 3.88±1.03, and 0.70±0.09, respectively, 10 min after injection, whereas myocardium-to-lung ratios were 5.00±0.25, 4.33±0.20, 7.98±1.23, and 2.26±0.14, respectively. Although 18F-FATPs and 13N-NH3 sharply delineated myocardial perfusion defects, defect size on the 13N-NH3 images was significantly smaller than on the 18F-FATP images soon after tracer injection (0-10 min, P=0.027). CONCLUSION 18F-FATPs exhibit higher EF values and more rapid clearance from the liver and lung than 13N-NH3 in normal rats, which led to excellent image quality in a rat model of coronary occlusion. Therefore, 18F-FATPs are promising new PET radiopharmaceuticals for myocardial perfusion imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea; and
| | - Hyeon Sik Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea; and
| | - Sybille Reder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jin Hai Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea; and
| | - Michael Herz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Young Pyo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea; and
| | - Hee-Seung Bom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea; and
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea; and
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is increasingly being used for noninvasive detection and evaluation of coronary artery disease. However, the widespread use of PET MPI has been limited by the shortcomings of the current PET perfusion tracers. The availability of these tracers is limited by the need for an onsite ((15)O water and (13)N ammonia) or nearby ((13)N ammonia) cyclotron or commitment to costly generators ((82)Rb). Owing to the short half-lives, such as 76 seconds for (82)Rb, 2.06 minutes for (15)O water, and 9.96 minutes for (13)N ammonia, their use in conjunction with treadmill exercise stress testing is either not possible ((82)Rb and (15)O water) or not practical ((13)N ammonia). Furthermore, the long positron range of (82)Rb makes image resolution suboptimal and its low myocardial extraction limits its defect resolution. In recent years, development of an (18)F-labeled PET perfusion tracer has gathered considerable interest. The longer half-life of (18)F (109 minutes) would make the tracer available as a unit dose from regional cyclotrons and allow use in conjunction with treadmill exercise testing. Furthermore, the short positron range of (18)F would result in better image resolution. Flurpiridaz F 18 is by far the most thoroughly studied in animal models and is the only (18)F-based PET MPI radiotracer currently undergoing clinical evaluation. Preclinical and clinical experience with Flurpiridaz F 18 demonstrated a high myocardial extraction fraction, high image and defect resolution, high myocardial uptake, slow myocardial clearance, and high myocardial-to-background contrast that was stable over time-important properties of an ideal PET MPI radiotracer. Preclinical data from other (18)F-labeled myocardial perfusion tracers are encouraging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Maddahi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - René R S Packard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim DY, Min JJ. Synthesis and evaluation of ¹⁸F-labeled fluoroalkyl triphenylphosphonium salts as mitochondrial voltage sensors in PET myocardial imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1265:59-72. [PMID: 25634267 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2288-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that radiolabeled phosphonium cations accumulate in the mitochondria down a transmembrane potential gradient. We present an optimized procedure for synthesis of three 18F-labeled fluoroalkyl triphenylphosphonium salts ([18F]FATPs) via two-step simple nucleophilic substitution reactions to develop new myocardial imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET). The total reaction time of [18F]FATPs was within 60 min, and the overall decay-corrected radiochemical yield was approximately 15-30 % (decay corrected). Radiochemical purity was >98 % according to analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The specific activity of [18F]FATPs was >6.1 TBq/μmol. The micro-PET imaging studies in rats showed an initial spike of radioactivity, followed by myocardial retention and rapid clearance from background. The images from rats with an occluded left coronary artery demonstrated sharply defined myocardial defects in the corresponding area of the myocardium. This imaging technology may enable high throughput, multiple studies daily and wide distribution of PET myocardial studies in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zheng Y, Ji S, Tomaselli E, Ernest C, Freiji T, Liu S. Effect of co-ligands on chemical and biological properties of (99m)Tc(III) complexes [(99m)Tc(L)(CDO)(CDOH)2BMe] (L=Cl, F, SCN and N3; CDOH2=cyclohexanedione dioxime). Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:813-24. [PMID: 25169135 PMCID: PMC4381195 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION (99m)Tc-Teboroxime ([(99m)TcCl(CDO)(CDOH)2BMe]) is a member of the BATO (boronic acid adducts of technetium dioximes) class of (99m)Tc(III) complexes. This study sought to explore the impact of co-ligands on solution stability, heart uptake and myocardial retention of [(99m)Tc(L)(CDO)(CDOH)2BMe] ((99m)Tc-Teboroxime: L=Cl; (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(F): L=F; (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(SCN): L=SCN; and (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(N3): L=N3). METHODS Radiotracers (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(L) (L=F, SCN and N3) were prepared by reacting (99m)Tc-Teboroxime with NaF, NaSCN and NaN3, respectively. Biodistribution and imaging studies were carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats. Image quantification was performed to compare their heart retention and liver clearance kinetics. RESULTS Complexes (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(L) (L=F, SCN and N3) were prepared in high yield with high radiochemical purity. All new radiotracers were stable for >6h in the kit matrix. In its HPLC chromatogram, (99m)Tc-Teboroxime showed one peak at ~15.5 min, which was shorter than that of (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(F) (~16.4 min). There were two peaks for (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(SCN) at 16.5 and 18.3 min. (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(N3) appeared as a single peak at 18.4 min. Their heart retention and liver clearance curves were best fitted to the bi-exponential decay function. The half-times of fast/slow components were 1.6±0.4/60.7±8.9 min for (99m)Tc-Teboroxime, 0.8±0.2/101.7±20.7 min for (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(F), 1.2±0.3/84.8±16.6 min for (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(SCN), and 2.9±0.9/51.6±5.0 min for (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(N3). The 2-min heart uptake followed the order of (99m)Tc-Teboroxime (3.00±0.37%ID/g)>(99m)Tc-Teboroxime(N3) (2.66±0.01 %ID/g)≈(99m)Tc-Sestamibi (2.55±0.46 %ID/g)>(99m)TcN-MPO (2.38±0.15 %ID/g). (99m)Tc-Teboroxime remains the best in first-pass extraction. The best image acquisition window is 0-5 min for (99m)Tc-Teboroximine and 0-15 min for (99m)Tc-Teboroximine(N3). CONCLUSION Co-ligands had significant impact on the heart uptake and myocardial retention of complexes [(99m)Tc(L)(CDO)(CDOH)2BMe] (L=Cl, F, SCN and N3). Future studies should be directed towards minimizing the liver uptake and radioactivity accumulation in the blood vessels while maintaining their high heart uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA; Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shundong Ji
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Carley Ernest
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tom Freiji
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim DY, Kim HS, Jang HY, Kim JH, Bom HS, Min JJ. Comparison of the Cardiac MicroPET Images Obtained Using [(18)F]FPTP and [(13)N]NH3 in Rat Myocardial Infarction Models. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1124-8. [PMID: 25313324 DOI: 10.1021/ml500251z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The short half-life of current positron emission tomography (PET) cardiac tracers limits their widespread clinical use. We previously developed a (18)F-labeled phosphonium cation, [(18)F]FPTP, that demonstrated sharply defined myocardial defects in a corresponding infarcted myocardium. The aim of this study was to compare the image properties of PET scans obtained using [(18)F]FPTP with those obtained using [(13)N]NH3 in rat myocardial infarction models. Perfusion abnormality was analyzed in 17 segments of polar map images. The myocardium-to-liver and myocardium-to-lung ratios of [(18)F]FPTP were 10.48 and 2.65 times higher, respectively, than those of [(13)N]NH3 in images acquired 30 min after tracer injection. The myocardial defect size measured by [(18)F]FPTP correlated more closely with the hypoperfused area measured by quantitative 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining (r = 0.89, P < 0.01) than did [(13)N]NH3 (r = 0.84, P < 0.01). [(18)F]FPTP might be useful as a replacement for the myocardial agent [(13)N]NH3 in cardiac PET/CT applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyeon Sik Kim
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hwa Youn Jang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Department
of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Bom
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Haslop A, Wells L, Gee A, Plisson C, Long N. One-Pot Multi-Tracer Synthesis of Novel 18F-Labeled PET Imaging Agents. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3818-22. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500324n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haslop
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Lisa Wells
- Imanova,
Ltd., Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Antony Gee
- Division
of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas’ Hospital, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | | | - Nicholas Long
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li L, Brichard L, Larsen L, Menon DK, Smith RAJ, Murphy MP, Aigbirhio FI. Radiosynthesis of 11-[(18) F]fluoroundecyltriphenylphosphonium (MitoF) as a potential mitochondria-specific positron emission tomography radiotracer. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:717-21. [PMID: 24339010 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the magnitude of the mitochondrial membrane potential occur in a range of important pathologies. To assess changes in membrane potential in patients, we set out to develop an improved mitochondria-targeted positron emission tomography probe comprising a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation attached to a fluorine-18 radionuclide via an 11-carbon alkyl chain, which is well-established to effectively transport to and localise within mitochondria. Here, we describe the radiosynthesis of this probe, 11-[(18) F]fluoroundecyl-triphenylphosphonium (MitoF), from no-carrier-added [(18) F]fluoride and a fully automated synthetic protocol to prepare it in good radiochemical yields (2-3 GBq at end-of-synthesis) and radiochemical purity (97-99%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Molecular Imaging Chemistry Laboratory, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang X, Li Y, Deuther-Conrad W, Xie F, Chen X, Cui MC, Zhang XJ, Zhang JM, Steinbach J, Brust P, Liu BL, Jia HM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of ¹⁸F labeled fluoro-oligo-ethoxylated 4-benzylpiperazine derivatives for sigma-1 receptor imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:215-22. [PMID: 23199475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and evaluation of a series of fluoro-oligo-ethoxylated 4-benzylpiperazine derivatives as potential σ(1) receptor ligands. In vitro competition binding assays showed that 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl)piperazine (6) exhibits low nanomolar affinity for σ(1) receptors (K(i)=1.85 ± 1.59 nM) and high subtype selectivity (σ(2) receptor: K(i)=291 ± 111 nM; K(i)σ(2)/K(i)σ(1)=157). [(18)F]6 was prepared in 30-50% isolated radiochemical yield, with radiochemical purity of >99% by HPLC analysis after purification, via nucleophilic (18)F(-) substitution of the corresponding tosylate precursor. The logD(pH 7.4) value of [(18)F]6 was found to be 2.57 ± 0.10, which is within the range expected to give high brain uptake. Biodistribution studies in mice demonstrated relatively high concentration of radiotracers in organs known to contain σ(1) receptors, including the brain, lungs, kidneys, heart, and spleen. Administration of haloperidol 5 min prior to injection of [(18)F]6 significantly reduced the concentration of radiotracers in the above-mentioned organs. The accumulation of radiotracers in the bone was quite low suggesting that [(18)F]6 is relatively stable to in vivo defluorination. The ex vivo autoradiography in rat brain showed high accumulation of radiotracers in the brain areas known to possess high expression of σ(1) receptors. These findings suggest that [(18)F]6 is a suitable radiotracer for imaging σ(1) receptors with PET in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim DY, Kim HS, Le UN, Jiang SN, Kim HJ, Lee KC, Woo SK, Chung J, Kim HS, Bom HS, Yu KH, Min JJ. Evaluation of a Mitochondrial Voltage Sensor, (18F-Fluoropentyl)Triphenylphosphonium Cation, in a Rat Myocardial Infarction Model. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:1779-85. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
31
|
Kim DY, Kim HJ, Yu KH, Min JJ. Synthesis of [18F]-labeled (2-(2-fluoroethoxy)ethyl)tris(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphonium cation as a potential agent for positron emission tomography myocardial imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:1093-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|