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Lim HY, Dolzhenko AV. 1,3,5-Triazine as a promising scaffold in the development of therapeutic agents against breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116680. [PMID: 39018924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
1,3,5-Triazine scaffold has garnered considerable interest due to its wide-ranging pharmacological properties, particularly in the field of cancer research. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Approximately one in eight women will receive a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer during their lifetime. The five-year survival rate for invasive breast cancer is less than 30 %, indicating a need to develop a more effective therapeutic agent targeting breast cancer. This review discusses bioactive 1,3,5-triazines targeting breast cancer cells by the inhibition of different enzymes, which include PI3K, mTOR, EGFR, VEGFR, FAK, CDK, DHFR, DNA topoisomerase, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, and matrix metalloproteinase. The anticancer agent search in some drug discovery programs is based on compound screening for antiproliferative activity. Often, multiple targets contribute to the anticancer effect of 1,3,5-triazines and this approach allows identification of active molecules prior to identification of their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yin Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Anton V Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Perth, Western, Bentley, 6845, Australia
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2
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Chua HM, Moshawih S, Kifli N, Goh HP, Ming LC. Insights into the computer-aided drug design and discovery based on anthraquinone scaffold for cancer treatment: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301396. [PMID: 38776291 PMCID: PMC11111074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the search for better anticancer drugs, computer-aided drug design (CADD) techniques play an indispensable role in facilitating the lengthy and costly drug discovery process especially when natural products are involved. Anthraquinone is one of the most widely-recognized natural products with anticancer properties. This review aimed to systematically assess and synthesize evidence on the utilization of CADD techniques centered on the anthraquinone scaffold for cancer treatment. METHODS The conduct and reporting of this review were done in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guideline. The protocol was registered in the "International prospective register of systematic reviews" database (PROSPERO: CRD42023432904) and also published recently. The search strategy was designed based on the combination of concept 1 "CADD or virtual screening", concept 2 "anthraquinone" and concept 3 "cancer". The search was executed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and MedRxiv on 30 June 2023. RESULTS Databases searching retrieved a total of 317 records. After deduplication and applying the eligibility criteria, the final review ended up with 32 articles in which 3 articles were found by citation searching. The CADD methods used in the studies were either structure-based alone (69%) or combined with ligand-based methods via parallel (9%) or sequential (22%) approaches. Molecular docking was performed in all studies, with Glide and AutoDock being the most popular commercial and public software used respectively. Protein data bank was used in most studies to retrieve the crystal structure of the targets of interest while the main ligand databases were PubChem and Zinc. The utilization of in-silico techniques has enabled a deeper dive into the structural, biological and pharmacological properties of anthraquinone derivatives, revealing their remarkable anticancer properties in an all-rounded fashion. CONCLUSION By harnessing the power of computational tools and leveraging the natural diversity of anthraquinone compounds, researchers can expedite the development of better drugs to address the unmet medical needs in cancer treatment by improving the treatment outcome for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ming Chua
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hui Poh Goh
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Xie F, Hao Y, Liu Y, Bao J, Wang R, Chi X, Wang T, Yu S, Jin Y, Li L, Jiang Y, Zhang D, Yan L, Ni T. From Synergy to Monotherapy: Discovery of Novel 2,4,6-Trisubstituted Triazine Hydrazone Derivatives with Potent Antifungal Potency In Vitro and In Vivo. J Med Chem 2024; 67:4007-4025. [PMID: 38381075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections pose a serious threat to public health and are associated with high mortality and incidence rates. The development of novel antifungal agents is urgently needed. Based on hit-to-lead optimization, a series of 2,4,6-trisubstituted triazine hydrazone compounds were designed, synthesized, and biological evaluation was performed, leading to the identification of compound 28 with excellent in vitro synergy (FICI range: 0.094-0.38) and improved monotherapy potency against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans and Candida auris (MIC range: 1.0-16.0 μg/mL). Moreover, 28 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against multiple pathogenic strains. Furthermore, 28 could inhibit hyphal and biofilm formation, which may be related to its ability to disrupt the fungal cell wall. Additionally, 28 significantly reduced the CFU in a mouse model of disseminated infection with candidiasis at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Overall, the triazine-based hydrazone compound 28 with low cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and favorable ADME/T characteristics represents a promising lead to further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yumeng Hao
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junhe Bao
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruina Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaochen Chi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shichong Yu
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongsheng Jin
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tingjunhong Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200072, China
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Dubey P, Pathak DP, Ali F, Chauhan G, Kalaiselvan V. In-vitro Evaluation of Triazine Scaffold for Anticancer Drug Development: A Review. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e170723218813. [PMID: 37461340 DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230717161610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The widespread importance of the synthesis and modification of anticancer agents has given rise to many numbers of medicinal chemistry programs. In this regard, triazine derivatives have attracted attention due to their remarkable activity against a wide range of cancer cells. This evaluation covers work reports to define the anticancer activity, the most active synthesized compound for the target, the SAR and, when described, the probable MOA besides similarly considered to deliver complete and target-pointed data for the development of types of anti-tumour medicines of triazine derivatives. Triazine scaffold for the development of anticancer analogues. Triazine can also relate to numerous beneficial targets, and their analogues have auspicious in-vitro and in-vivo anti-tumour activity. Fused molecules can improve efficacy, and drug resistance and diminish side effects, and numerous hybrid molecules are beneath diverse stages of clinical trials, so hybrid derivatives of triazine may offer valuable therapeutic involvement for the dealing of tumours. OBJECTIVE The objective of the recent review was to summarize the recent reports on triazine as well as its analogues with respect to its anticancer therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION The content of the review would be helpful to update the researchers working towards the synthesis and designing of new molecules for the treatment of various types of cancer disease with the recent molecules that have been produced from the triazine scaffold. Triazine scaffolds based on 1,3,5-triazine considerably boost molecular diversity levels and enable covering chemical space in key medicinal chemistry fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli- Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Dharam Pal Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli- Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Faraat Ali
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
- Department of Licensing and Enforcement, Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Garima Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli- Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Vivekanandan Kalaiselvan
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Sector-23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Dai Q, Sun Q, Ouyang X, Liu J, Jin L, Liu A, He B, Fan T, Jiang Y. Antitumor Activity of s-Triazine Derivatives: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114278. [PMID: 37298753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
1,3,5-triazine derivatives, also called s-triazines, are a series of containing-nitrogen heterocyclic compounds that play an important role in anticancer drug design and development. To date, three s-triazine derivatives, including altretamine, gedatolisib, and enasidenib, have already been approved for refractory ovarian cancer, metastatic breast cancer, and leukemia therapy, respectively, demonstrating that the s-triazine core is a useful scaffold for the discovery of novel anticancer drugs. In this review, we mainly focus on s-triazines targeting topoisomerases, tyrosine kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, and cyclin-dependent kinases in diverse signaling pathways, which have been extensively studied. The medicinal chemistry of s-triazine derivatives as anticancer agents was summarized, including discovery, structure optimization, and biological applications. This review will provide a reference to inspire new and original discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzi Dai
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Qinsheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaorong Ouyang
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Jinyang Liu
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Liye Jin
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Ahao Liu
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Binsheng He
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Synthesis, X-ray Structure and Biological Studies of New Self-Assembled Cu(II) Complexes Derived from s-triazine Schiff Base Ligand. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092989. [PMID: 35566339 PMCID: PMC9106035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The two ligands 2-(1-(2-(4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazono)ethyl)aniline (DMAT) and 2-(1-(2-(4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazono)ethyl)phenol (DMOHT) were used to synthesize three heteroleptic Cu(II) complexes via a self-assembly technique. The structure of the newly synthesized complexes was characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to be [Cu(DMAT)(H2O)(NO3)]NO3.C2H5OH (1), [Cu(DMOT)(CH3COO)] (2) and [Cu(DMOT)(NO3)] (3). X-ray single-crystal structure of complex 1 revealed a hexa-coordinated Cu(II) ion with one DMAT as a neutral tridentate NNN-chelate, one bidentate nitrate group and one water molecule. In the case of complex 2, the Cu(II) is tetra-coordinated with one DMOT as an anionic tridentate NNO-chelate and one monodentate acetate group. The antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of the studied compounds were examined. Complex 1 had the best anticancer activity against the lung carcinoma A-549 cell line (IC50 = 5.94 ± 0.58 µM) when compared to cis-platin (25.01 ± 2.29 µM). The selectivity index (SI) of complex 1 was the highest (6.34) when compared with the free ligands (1.3–1.8), and complexes 2 (0.72) and 3 (2.97). The results suggested that, among those compounds studied, complex 1 is the most promising anticancer agent against the lung carcinoma A-549 cell line. In addition, complex 1 had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 13.34 ± 0.58 µg/mL) which was found to be comparable to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 10.62 ± 0.84 µg/mL). Additionally, complex 2 showedbroad-spectrum antimicrobial action against the microbes studied. The results revealed it to possess the strongest action of all the three complexes against B. subtilis. The MIC values found are 39.06, 39.06 and 78.125 mg/mL for complexes 1–3, respectively.
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Building 2D classification models and 3D CoMSIA models on small-molecule inhibitors of both wild-type and T790M/L858R double-mutant EGFR. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1715-1730. [PMID: 34636023 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has received widespread attention because it is an important target for anticancer drug design. Mutations in the EGFR, especially the T790M/L858R double mutation, have made cancer treatment more difficult. We herein built the structure-activity relationship models of small-molecule inhibitors on wild-type and T790M/L858R double-mutant EGFR with a whole dataset of 379 compounds. For 2D classification models, we used ECFP4 fingerprints to build support vector machine and random forest models and used SMILES to build self-attention recurrent neural network models. Each of all six models resulted in an accuracy of above 0.87 and the Matthews correlation coefficient value of above 0.76 on the test set, respectively. We concluded that inhibitors containing anilinoquinoline and methoxy or fluoro phenyl are highly active against wild EGFR. Substructures such as anilinopyrimidine, acrylamide, amino phenyl, methoxy phenyl, and thienopyrimidinyl amide appeared more in highly active inhibitors against double-mutant EGFR. We also used self-organizing map to cluster the inhibitors into six subsets based on ECFP4 fingerprints and analyzed the activity characteristics of different scaffolds in each subset. Among them, three datasets, which are based on pteridin, anilinopyrimidine, and anilinoquinoline scaffold, were selected to build 3D comparative molecular similarity analysis models individually. Models with the leave-one-out coefficient of determination (q2) above 0.65 were selected, and five descriptor types (steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, donor, and acceptor) were used to study the effects of side chains of inhibitors on the activity against wild-type and mutant-type EGFR.
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Zheng Q, Xu XB, Jin H, Zhang W, Rao GW. Synthesis and Anti-Proliferation Activity Evaluation of Novel 2-Chloroquinazoline as Potential EGFR-TK Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100478. [PMID: 34510749 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 2-chloroquinazoline derivatives had been synthesized and their anti-proliferation activities against the four EGFR high-expressing cells A549, NCI-H1975, AGS and HepG2 cell lines were evaluated. The preliminary SAR study of the scaffold of new compounds showed that the compounds with a chlorine substituent on R3 had a better anti-proliferation activity than those substituted by hydrogen atom or vinyl group. Among them, 2-chloro-N-[2-chloro-4-(3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)quinazolin-6-yl]acetamide (10b) had the best activity, and the corresponding IC50 were 3.68, 10.06, 1.73 and 2.04 μM, respectively. And compound 10b had better or equivalent activity against four cell lines than Gefitinib. The activity of the compound 10b on the EGFR enzyme was subsequently tested. The Wound Healing of A549, AGS and HepG2 cells by this compound showed that the compound can inhibit the migration of cancer cells. Finally, the action channel of the compound 10b was supported by western blotting experiments. It provides useful information for the design of EGFR-TK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xuan-Bo Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hao Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
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Soliman SM, Lasri J, Haukka M, Elmarghany A, Al-Majid AM, El-Faham A, Barakat A. Synthesis, X-ray structure, Hirshfeld analysis, and DFT studies of a new Pd(II) complex with an anionic s-triazine NNO donor ligand. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Al Rasheed HH, Malebari AM, Dahlous KA, Fayne D, El-Faham A. Synthesis, Anti-proliferative Activity, and Molecular Docking Study of New Series of 1,3-5-Triazine Schiff Base Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184065. [PMID: 32899566 PMCID: PMC7571070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the use of s-triazine as a scaffold, we report here a new series of s-triazine Schiff base derivatives and their anti-proliferative activity against two cancer cell lines: human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and colon cancer (HCT-116) compared with tamoxifen as a reference compound. Several derivatives exhibited growth inhibition activity in the sub-micromolar range. The results reveal that the s-triazine Schiff base derivatives showed varied activities and that the substituents on the s-triazine core have a great effect on the anti-proliferative activity. Compounds with a piperidino and benzylamino substituent on the s-triazine moiety 4b and 4c were most effective in both cell lines compared to the reference compound used. In addition, compound 4b has a para chlorine atom on the benzylidine residue, demonstrating the most potent activity with IC50 values of 3.29 and 3.64 µM in MCF-7 and HCT-116, respectively. These results indicate that in general, the nature of the substituents on the triazine core and the type of substituent on the benzilyldene ring significantly influenced the anti-proliferative activity. The results obtained from the anti-proliferative activity and the molecular docking study indicate that s-triazine-hydrazone derivatives may be an excellent scaffold for the development of new anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessa H. Al Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (H.H.A.R.); or (A.E.-F.); Tel.: +00-9661-1467-3195 (A.E-F.)
| | - Azizah M. Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kholood A. Dahlous
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Darren Fayne
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.H.A.R.); or (A.E.-F.); Tel.: +00-9661-1467-3195 (A.E-F.)
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Al Rasheed H, Dahlous K, Sharma A, Sholkamy E, El-Faham A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Barbiturate- and Thiobarbituarte-Based s-Triazine Hydrazone Derivatives with Promising Antiproliferative Activities. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15805-15811. [PMID: 32656400 PMCID: PMC7345403 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new class of compounds, which include s-triazine with pyrimidinetrione or thiopyrimidinedione moiety through a hydrazone linkage, were synthesized and characterized. The newly synthesized s-triazine hydrazone derivatives were evaluated in vitro against four cancer cell lines: A549, HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7. Several derivatives showed growth inhibition activity in the low microgram range. The results reveal that the barbiturate derivatives showed poor to no activity, while thiobarbiturate derivatives showed better activity than the analogues barbiturate derivatives. The substituents on the s-triazine moiety have a great effect on the antiproliferative activity, where derivatives with the piperidino and diethylamino on the s-triazine ring (5h) showed the highest activity against all of the tested cell lines (IC50 1.6 ± 0.6, 3.8 ± 0.3, 1.9 ± 0.4, and 1.2± 0.5 μg/mL for the tested cell lines A549, HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7, respectively). These results indicate that thiobarbiturates-s-triazine hydrazone derivatives may provide an excellent scaffold for the development of an anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessa Al Rasheed
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholood Dahlous
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Peptide
Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South
Africa
| | - Essam Sholkamy
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria
University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KRISP,
College of Health Sciences, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Peptide
Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South
Africa
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine,
and Department of Organic Chemistry, University
of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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12
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Al Rasheed HH, Malebari AM, Dahlous KA, El-Faham A. Synthesis and Characterization of New Series of 1,3-5-Triazine Hydrazone Derivatives with Promising Antiproliferative Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112708. [PMID: 32545272 PMCID: PMC7321239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of s-triazine hydrazone derivatives was prepared based on the reaction of 6-hydrazino-2,4-disubstituted-s-triazine with p-substituted benzaldehyde derivatives using a straightforward synthetic pathway. The antiproliferative activity of all synthesized compounds was evaluated against two human cancer cell lines; breast cancer MCF-7 and colon carcinoma HCT-116 using MTT assay. Among all, 11 compounds have shown strong to moderate antiproliferative activity with IC50 values in the range 1.01–18.20 µM in MCF-7 and 0.97–19.51 µM in HCT-116. The best results were obtained with 4,4’-(6-(2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl) dimorpholine 11 (IC50 = 1.0 µM and 0.98 µM in MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines, respectively). The substituents on the s-triazine core as well as the substituent at the benzylidene moiety have a great effect on the antiproliferative activity. Whereas compounds containing dimorpholino-s-triazine derivatives 8a–e showed more potent antiproliferative in MCF-7 compared to their analogs 7a–f (compounds containing two-piperidine rings), compounds containing one piperidine and one morpholine ring 9a–f showed better IC50 values in the range 10.4–22.2 µM. On the other hand, compounds containing two-piperidine rings 7a–f showed more potent antiproliferative in HCT-116 (IC50 values in the range 8.8–19.5 µM) than their analogs 8a–e and 9a–f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessa H. Al Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (H.H.A.R.); or (A.E.-F.); Tel.: +96-61-1467-3195 (A.E-F.)
| | - Azizah M. Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kholood A. Dahlous
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.H.A.R.); or (A.E.-F.); Tel.: +96-61-1467-3195 (A.E-F.)
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13
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Abstract
Background:
This review presents the exhaustive exploration of 1,3,5-triazine scaffold
for development of analogs of anticancer drugs, over the last century. In the recent years, striazine
moiety has been one of the most studied moiety, showing broad-spectrum pharmacological
activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, anti-HIV, antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal,
antimalarial and antiviral. Nowadays, many boffins are have become interested in novel
synthesis of s-triazine derivatives because of low cost and ease of availability.
Methods:
This scaffold has been extensively investigated mainly in the past decade. Many products
have been synthesized from different starting materials and these synthetic products possess
anticancer potential against various cell lines.
Results:
Many 1,3,5-triazine analogs exhibited significant anticancer activity in various models
and cell lines exhibiting different mechanisms. Some analogs have also shown good pharmacokinetic
parameters with less IC50 values.
Conclusion:
Various 1,3,5-triazine analogs have shown potent activities and may be regarded as
clinical candidates for future anticancer formulations. This review may be helpful to those researchers
seeking required information with regard to the drug design and medicinal properties of
1,3,5-triazine derivatives for selected targets. This review may also offer help to find and improve
clinically viable anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar
- Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Lalpur, Rudrapur (U.S. Nagar)-263148, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Lalpur, Rudrapur (U.S. Nagar)-263148, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Anita Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Nainital-263136, Uttarakhand, India
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14
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Synthesis, X-Ray Crystal Structures, and Preliminary Antiproliferative Activities of New s-Triazine-hydroxybenzylidene Hydrazone Derivatives. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/9403908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a new small library of Schiff-base compounds that encompasses s-triazine and (2 or 4)-hydroxylbenzylidene derivatives. These compounds were synthesized through a hydrazone linkage connecting both the s-triazine and hydroxybenzylidene derivatives. The synthetic strategy adopted allowed the synthesis of the target compounds with excellent yields and purities as observed from their NMR (1H and 13C) and elemental analysis. Furthermore, 4f, 5b, and 5f were further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction technique. The preliminary antiproliferative activities for the synthesized compounds were tested against two different cancer cell lines including breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HCT-116). From the eighteen compounds, which have been examined, only two derivatives having piperidine moiety showed more selectivity against the two cell lines MCF-7 and HCT-116, while the others showed very weak activity. The position of the hydroxyl group in the benzylidine ring and the substituent on the s-triazine moiety has great effect on the activity of the prepared compounds. The IC50 values for the two derivatives 4a and 5a evaluated against breast cancer cells, very close to those for the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin, are 27 µM (13.3 µg/mL), 17 µM (8.4 µg/mL), and 20 µM (6 µg/mL) for 4a, 5a, and cisplatin, respectively. These results propose the preliminary antiproliferative activity of these two derivatives may deserve further consideration for development of new derivatives as potent anticancer agents.
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15
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Design and discovery of novel monastrol-1,3,5-triazines as potent anti-breast cancer agent via attenuating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor tyrosine kinase. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5851. [PMID: 28724908 PMCID: PMC5517562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of hybrid analogues of monastrol-1,3,5-triazine were designed and developed via one-pot synthesis using Bi(NO3)3 as a catalyst. Entire compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against HeLa (cervical cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), HL-60 (Human promyelocytic leukemia), HepG2 (Hepatocellular carcinoma) and MCF 12A (normal epithelial breast cell line) using MTT assay, where they showed highest inhibitory activity against MCF-7. The molecules were also found to be non-toxic to MCF 12A cells. These molecules showed considerable inhibitory percentage against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK), in in-vitro assay. Molecular docking study was carried out on the analogs and reference compound (Erlotinib) into the ATP binding site of EGFR-TK domain (PDB ID:1M17) to elucidate vital structural residues necessary for bioactivity. The effect of most active compound 7l was also estimated in-vivo in DMBA induced mammary tumor in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The effect of anti-breast cancer effect of 7l was quantified on the basis of tumour incidence, body weight and tumor volume in DMBA-induced rats. Its effect on biochemical parameters, such as antioxidant status (SOD, CAT, GPX and GSH) and lipid peroxidation was also studied. The compound 7l showed inhibition of EGFR downstream signalling in the western blot analysis.
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Structural evidence of quercetin multi-target bioactivity: A reverse virtual screening strategy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017. [PMID: 28636950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous flavonoid quercetin is broadly recognized for showing diverse biological and health-promoting effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities. The therapeutic potential of quercetin and similar compounds for preventing such diverse oxidative stress-related pathologies has been generally attributed to their direct antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, accumulated evidence indicates that quercetin is also able to interact with multiple cellular targets influencing the activity of diverse signaling pathways. Even though there are a number of well-established protein targets such as phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and xanthine oxidase, there remains a lack of a comprehensive knowledge of the potential mechanisms of action of quercetin and its target space. In the present work we adopted a reverse screening strategy based on ligand similarity (SHAFTS) and target structure (idTarget, LIBRA) resulting in a set of predicted protein target candidates. Furthermore, using this method we corroborated a broad array of previously experimentally tested candidates among the predicted targets, supporting the suitability of this screening approach. Notably, all of the predicted target candidates belonged to two main protein families, protein kinases and poly [ADP-ribose] polymerases. They also included key proteins involved at different points within the same signaling pathways or within interconnected signaling pathways, supporting a pleiotropic, multilevel and potentially synergistic mechanism of action of quercetin. In this context we highlight the value of quercetin's broad target profile for its therapeutic potential in diseases like inflammation, neurodegeneration and cancer.
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17
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Han W, Du Y. Recent Development of the Second and Third Generation Irreversible Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Han
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; 3501 Daxue Road Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; 3501 Daxue Road Jinan 250353 P. R. China
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18
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Strategies to overcome acquired resistances conferred by mutations in the kinase domain of EGFR. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:853-78. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of EGFR is involved in the development of many cancers. The inhibition of EGFR kinase activity has been clinically validated as a promising approach for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, all NSCLC patients who initially benefited from first-generation EGFR inhibitors eventually develop drug resistance. A point mutation at the gatekeeper position, T790M in EGFR kinase domain accounts for more than 50% of acquired resistance. Therefore, second- and third-generation EGFR inhibitors have been developed to overcome the resistance conferred by the gatekeeper mutation. This review has highlighted recent advances in overcoming acquired resistance for the development of each generation of EGFR inhibitors along with their potential issues, and urgent quest for the development of new generation of EGFR inhibitors.
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19
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Wang X, Chen H, Yang F, Gong J, Li S, Pei J, Liu X, Jiang H, Lai L, Li H. iDrug: a web-accessible and interactive drug discovery and design platform. J Cheminform 2014; 6:28. [PMID: 24955134 PMCID: PMC4046018 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2946-6-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progress in computer-aided drug design (CADD) approaches over the past decades accelerated the early-stage pharmaceutical research. Many powerful standalone tools for CADD have been developed in academia. As programs are developed by various research groups, a consistent user-friendly online graphical working environment, combining computational techniques such as pharmacophore mapping, similarity calculation, scoring, and target identification is needed. RESULTS We presented a versatile, user-friendly, and efficient online tool for computer-aided drug design based on pharmacophore and 3D molecular similarity searching. The web interface enables binding sites detection, virtual screening hits identification, and drug targets prediction in an interactive manner through a seamless interface to all adapted packages (e.g., Cavity, PocketV.2, PharmMapper, SHAFTS). Several commercially available compound databases for hit identification and a well-annotated pharmacophore database for drug targets prediction were integrated in iDrug as well. The web interface provides tools for real-time molecular building/editing, converting, displaying, and analyzing. All the customized configurations of the functional modules can be accessed through featured session files provided, which can be saved to the local disk and uploaded to resume or update the history work. CONCLUSIONS iDrug is easy to use, and provides a novel, fast and reliable tool for conducting drug design experiments. By using iDrug, various molecular design processing tasks can be submitted and visualized simply in one browser without installing locally any standalone modeling softwares. iDrug is accessible free of charge at http://lilab.ecust.edu.cn/idrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haipeng Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiayu Gong
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianfeng Pei
- BNLMS, Center for Quantitative Biology, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Luhua Lai
- BNLMS, Center for Quantitative Biology, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China ; School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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20
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Zhou W, Liu X, Tu Z, Zhang L, Ku X, Bai F, Zhao Z, Xu Y, Ding K, Li H. Discovery of Pteridin-7(8H)-one-Based Irreversible Inhibitors Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Kinase T790M/L858R Mutant. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7821-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401045n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- Key
Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Lianwen Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xin Ku
- Lehrstuhl
für Proteomik und Bioanalytik, Technische Universität München, Freising 85354, Germany
| | | | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Key
Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Ward RA, Anderton MJ, Ashton S, Bethel PA, Box M, Butterworth S, Colclough N, Chorley CG, Chuaqui C, Cross DAE, Dakin LA, Debreczeni JÉ, Eberlein C, Finlay MRV, Hill GB, Grist M, Klinowska TCM, Lane C, Martin S, Orme JP, Smith P, Wang F, Waring MJ. Structure- and Reactivity-Based Development of Covalent Inhibitors of the Activating and Gatekeeper Mutant Forms of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). J Med Chem 2013; 56:7025-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400822z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Chuaqui
- AstraZeneca, Oncology Innovative Medicines, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Les A. Dakin
- AstraZeneca, Oncology Innovative Medicines, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fengjiang Wang
- AstraZeneca, Oncology Innovative Medicines, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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Xiang M, Lei K, Fan W, Lin Y, He G, Yang M, Chen L, Mo Y. In silico identification of EGFR-T790M inhibitors with novel scaffolds: start with extraction of common features. Drug Des Devel Ther 2013; 7:789-839. [PMID: 23990708 PMCID: PMC3748928 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s41305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an attractive therapeutic target for a number of human tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Most patients with NSCLC and somatic mutations have shown a dramatic initial clinical response to reversible EGFR inhibitors. The clinical efficacy of reversible inhibitors is, however, ultimately limited due to the emergence of drug resistance, which is usually conferred by the EGFR T790M mutation. Importantly, irreversible, synthetic small molecule inhibitors are currently evaluated and some of them have been shown to overcome the acquired resistance that is oftentimes observed in these patients. Thus far, irreversible EGFR inhibitors as a drug class have not received regulatory approval due in part to their poor effectiveness at clinically achievable concentrations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and develop novel, potent irreversible inhibitors against the EGFR T790M mutation. Material and methods In the following study, we report a novel “hybrid strategy” to identify irreversible EGFR inhibitors with active scaffolds starting with the identification and extraction of a common chemical reactive feature and a pharmacophore feature. The chemical reactive feature was elucidated by investigating 138 currently known irreversible inhibitors at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level using the density function theory method. The pharmacophore feature was extracted from the same inhibitors using pharmacophore modeling. Based on these unique features, two constraints were set while calibrating the protocols of in silico screening. Compounds bearing these specific features were obtained from the National Cancer Institute diversity database to form our subsequent library. Finally, a structure based virtual screening against the library was conducted using standard protocols validated in our lab. Results Twenty-eight candidate compounds that demonstrated antitumor activity and that had novel scaffolds different from commonly known quinazoline/quinoline analogs were obtained. The interaction modes between three representative candidates and our model system are similar to that between the model system and the reference compound T-001, which has previously been reported to be one of the most potent of the 138 irreversible inhibitors. Conclusion The hybrid strategy starting with the extraction of common features is an effective approach to design potential irreversible inhibitors with novel scaffolds and therefore to obtain lead molecules in the selection process. These candidates possessing unique scaffolds have a strong likelihood to act as further starting points in the preclinical development of potent irreversible T790M EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Singh S, Bora-Singhal N, Kroeger J, Laklai H, Chellappan SP. βArrestin-1 and Mcl-1 modulate self-renewal growth of cancer stem-like side-population cells in non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55982. [PMID: 23418490 PMCID: PMC3572139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Side population (SP) cells have been reported to have properties of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), yet their molecular features have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that, NSCLC-SP cells were enriched in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, had higher aldehyde dehydrogenase activity as well as higher clonogenic and self-renewing ability compared to main population (MP) cells. Interestingly, SP cells were also able to trans-differentiate into angiogenic tubules in vitro and were highly tumorigenic as compared to MP cells. SP-derived tumors demonstrated the intratumoral heterogeneity comprising of both SP and MP cells, suggesting the self-renewal and differentiation ability of SP cells are manifested in vivo as well. βArrestin-1 (βArr1) is involved in the progression of various cancers including NSCLCs and we find that depletion of βArr1 significantly blocked the SP phenotype; whereas depletion of βArr2 had relatively minor effects. Ectopic expression of βArr1 resulted in increased SP frequency and ABCG2 expression while abrogation of βArr1 expression suppressed the self-renewal growth and expansion of A549 cells. Anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 is known to be one of the key regulators of self-renewal of tissue stem cells and is thought to contribute to survival of NSCLC cells. Our experiments show that higher levels of Mcl-1 were expressed in SP cells compared to MP cells at both transcriptional and translational levels. In addition, Obatoclax, a pharmacological inhibitor of Mcl-1, could effectively prevent the self-renewal of both EGFR-inhibitor sensitive and resistant NSCLC cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that βArr1 and Mcl-1 are involved in the self-renewal and expansion of NSCLC-CSCs and are potential targets for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Singh
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Namrata Bora-Singhal
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jodi Kroeger
- Flow Cytomerty Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hanane Laklai
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Srikumar P. Chellappan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kong X, Qin J, Li Z, Vultur A, Tong L, Feng E, Rajan G, Liu S, Lu J, Liang Z, Zheng M, Zhu W, Jiang H, Herlyn M, Liu H, Marmorstein R, Luo C. Development of a novel class of B-Raf(V600E)-selective inhibitors through virtual screening and hierarchical hit optimization. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 10:7402-17. [PMID: 22875039 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26081f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in critical nodes of cellular signaling pathways have been associated with tumorigenesis and progression. The B-Raf protein kinase, a key hub in the canonical MAPK signaling cascade, is mutated in a broad range of human cancers and especially in malignant melanoma. The most prevalent B-Raf(V600E) mutant exhibits elevated kinase activity and results in constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway, thus making it a promising drug target for cancer therapy. Herein, we describe the development of novel B-Raf(V600E) selective inhibitors via multi-step virtual screening and hierarchical hit optimization. Nine hit compounds with low micromolar IC(50) values were identified as B-Raf(V600E) inhibitors through virtual screening. Subsequent scaffold-based analogue searching and medicinal chemistry efforts significantly improved both the inhibitor potency and oncogene selectivity. In particular, compounds 22f and 22q possess nanomolar IC(50) values with selectivity for B-Raf(V600E)in vitro and exclusive cytotoxicity against B-Raf(V600E) harboring cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Xu S, Zhang L, Chang S, Luo J, Lu X, Tu Z, Liu Y, zhang Z, Xu Y, Ren X, Ding K. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new molecules inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor threonine790→ methionine790 mutant. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20078c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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