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Ahmad S, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhu H, Dong Q, Zong S, Wang T, Chen Y, Ge L. The Phosphoserine Phosphatase Alters the Free Amino Acid Compositions and Fecundity in Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315283. [PMID: 36499611 PMCID: PMC9740327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mirid bug Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) is an important predator that consumes eggs and young nymphs of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens as a primary food source and thus becomes an important member of the rice ecosystem. We identified and characterized the ClPSP gene in C. lividipennis encoding the phosphoserine phosphatase enzyme. The ClPSP has an open reading frame (ORF) of 957 bp encoding a protein with a length of 294bp and it possesses a haloacid dehalogenase-like (HAD) hydrolase, phosphoserine phosphatase, eukaryotic-like (HAD_PSP_eu) conserved domain. Furthermore, the in silico analysis of the ClPSP gene unveiled its distinct characteristics and it serves as a key player in the modulation of amino acids. The ClPSP showed expression in all developmental stages, with higher expression observed in the ovary and fat body. Silencing the ClPSP by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly decreased PSP enzyme activity and expression compared to dsGFP at two days after emergence (2DAE). The dsPSP treatment altered free hemolymph amino acid compositions, resulting in a significant reduction of serine (Ser) and Arginine (Arg) proportions and a significant increase of Threonine (Thr), Cystine (Cys), and Tyrosine (Tyr) in the C. lividipennis female at 2 DAE. Additionally, a hindered total protein concentration in the ovary and fat body, and reduced vitellogenin (Vg) expression, body weight, and number of laid eggs, were also observed. The same treatment also prolonged the preoviposition period and hindered ovarian development. Our data, for the first time, demonstrated the influential role of the PSP gene in modulating the fecundity of C. lividipennis and provide a platform for future insect pest control programs using the PSP gene in modulating fecundity.
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Application of multi-omics technology for the elucidation of anti-pneumococcal activity of 3-acyl-2-phenylamino-1,4-dihydroquinolin-4-one (APDQ) derivative against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20685. [PMID: 33244098 PMCID: PMC7691496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of Gram-positive pathogen that causes invasive pneumococcal disease. Nowadays, many S. pneumoniae strains are resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as β-lactams and macrolides. 3-Acyl-2-phenylamino-1,4-dihydroquinolin-4-one (APDQ) derivatives are known as novel chemicals having anti-pneumococcal activity against S. pneumoniae. The underlying mechanism of the anti-pneumococcal activity of this inhibitor remains unknown. Therefore, we tried to find the anti-pneumococcal mechanism of APDQ230122, one of the APDQ derivatives active against S. pneumoniae. We performed transcriptomic analysis (RNA-Seq) and proteomic analysis (LC–MS/MS analysis) to get differentially expressed genes (DEG) and differentially expressed proteins (DEP) of S. pneumoniae 521 treated with sub-inhibitory concentrations of APDQ230122 and elucidated the comprehensive expression changes of genes and proteins using multi-omics analysis. As a result, genes or proteins of peptidoglycan biosynthesis and DNA replication were significantly down-regulated. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that the structure of peptidoglycan was damaged by APDQ230122 in a chemical concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, we suggest peptidoglycan biosynthesis is a major target of APDQ230122. Multi-omics analysis can provide us useful information to elucidate anti-pneumococcal activity of APDQ230122.
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Haufroid M, Wouters J. Targeting the Serine Pathway: A Promising Approach against Tuberculosis? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E66. [PMID: 31052291 PMCID: PMC6630544 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is still the leading cause of death by a single infectious agent. Effective chemotherapy has been used and improved since the 1950s, but strains resistant to this therapy and most antibacterial drugs on the market are emerging. Only 10 new drugs are in clinical trials, and two of them have already demonstrated resistance. This paper gives an overview of current treatment options against tuberculosis and points out a promising approach of discovering new effective drugs. The serine production pathway is composed of three enzymes (SerA1, SerC and SerB2), which are considered essential for bacterial growth, and all of them are considered as a therapeutic drug target. Their crystal structure are described and essential regulatory domains pointed out. Sequence alignment with similar enzymes in other host would help to identify key residues to target in order to achieve selective inhibition. Currently, only inhibitors of SerB2 are described in the literature. However, inhibitors of human enzymes are discussed, and could be used as a good starting point for a drug discovery program. The aim of this paper is to give some guidance for the design of new hits for every enzyme in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Haufroid
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Medicine and Drug Innovation Center (Namedic), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Johan Wouters
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Medicine and Drug Innovation Center (Namedic), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
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Kim HJ, Kim N, Shum D, Huddar S, Park CM, Jang S. Identification of Antipneumococcal Molecules Effective Against Different Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Using a Resazurin-Based High-Throughput Screen. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 15:198-209. [PMID: 28723269 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen, causing around 1.6 million deaths worldwide each year. By optimizing a resazurin-based assay to detect S. pneumoniae growth in 384-well microplates, we developed a new high-throughput screening (HTS) system for the discovery of antipneumococcal molecules, which was unsuccessful using conventional absorbance measurements. Before applying our protocol to a large-scale screen, we validated the system through a pilot screen targeting about 7,800 bioactive molecules using three different S. pneumoniae serotypes. Primary screenings of a further 27,000 synthetic small molecules facilitated the identification of 3-acyl-2-phenylamino-1,4-dihydropquinolin-4-one (APDQ) derivatives that inhibited growth of S. pneumoniae with MIC90 values <1 μM (0.03-0.81 μM). Five selected APDQ derivatives were also active against Staphylococcus aureus but neither Klebsiella pneumoniae nor Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting that APDQ may act specifically against Gram-positive bacteria. Our results both validated and demonstrated the utility of the resazurin-based HTS system for the identification of new antipneumococcal molecules. Moreover, the identified new antipneumococcal molecules in this study may have potential to be further developed as new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- 1 Antibacterial Resistance Research Laboratory, Discovery Biology Department, Institut Pasteur Korea , Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Namyoul Kim
- 2 Assay Development and Screening Group, Screening Sciences and Novel Assay Technologies Department, Institut Pasteur Korea , Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - David Shum
- 2 Assay Development and Screening Group, Screening Sciences and Novel Assay Technologies Department, Institut Pasteur Korea , Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Srigouri Huddar
- 3 Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea.,4 Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chul Min Park
- 3 Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soojin Jang
- 1 Antibacterial Resistance Research Laboratory, Discovery Biology Department, Institut Pasteur Korea , Seongnam-si, Korea
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Molecular modeling studies of 3-acyl-2-phenylamino-1,4-dihydroquinolin-4-one derivatives as phosphatase SerB653 inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Characterization of M. tuberculosis SerB2, an essential HAD-family phosphatase, reveals novel properties. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115409. [PMID: 25521849 PMCID: PMC4270767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
M. tuberculosis harbors an essential phosphoserine phosphatase (MtSerB2, Rv3042c) that contains two small- molecule binding ACT-domains (Pfam 01842) at the N-terminus followed by the phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP) domain. We found that exogenously added MtSerB2 elicits microtubule rearrangements in THP-1 cells. Mutational analysis demonstrates that phosphatase activity is co-related to the elicited rearrangements, while addition of the ACT-domains alone elicits no rearrangements. The enzyme is dimeric, exhibits divalent metal- ion dependency, and is more specific for l- phosphoserine unlike other classical PSPases. Binding of a variety of amino acids to the ACT-domains influences MtSerB2 activity by either acting as activators/inhibitors/have no effects. Additionally, reduced activity of the PSP domain can be enhanced by equimolar addition of the ACT domains. Further, we identified that G18 and G108 of the respective ACT-domains are necessary for ligand-binding and their mutations to G18A and G108A abolish the binding of ligands like l- serine. A specific transition to higher order oligomers is observed upon the addition of l- serine at ∼0.8 molar ratio as supported by Isothermal calorimetry and Size exclusion chromatography experiments. Mutational analysis shows that the transition is dependent on binding of l- serine to the ACT-domains. Furthermore, the higher-order oligomeric form of MtSerB2 is inactive, suggesting that its formation is a mechanism for feedback control of enzyme activity. Inhibition studies involving over eight inhibitors, MtSerB2, and the PSP domain respectively, suggests that targeting the ACT-domains can be an effective strategy for the development of inhibitors.
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Arora G, Tiwari P, Mandal RS, Gupta A, Sharma D, Saha S, Singh R. High throughput screen identifies small molecule inhibitors specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphoserine phosphatase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25149-65. [PMID: 25037224 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis makes identification and validation of newer drug targets a global priority. Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP), a key essential metabolic enzyme involved in conversion of O-phospho-l-serine to l-serine, was characterized in this study. The M. tuberculosis genome harbors all enzymes involved in l-serine biosynthesis including two PSP homologs: Rv0505c (SerB1) and Rv3042c (SerB2). In the present study, we have biochemically characterized SerB2 enzyme and developed malachite green-based high throughput assay system to identify SerB2 inhibitors. We have identified 10 compounds that were structurally different from known PSP inhibitors, and few of these scaffolds were highly specific in their ability to inhibit SerB2 enzyme, were noncytotoxic against mammalian cell lines, and inhibited M. tuberculosis growth in vitro. Surface plasmon resonance experiments demonstrated the relative binding for these inhibitors. The two best hits identified in our screen, clorobiocin and rosaniline, were bactericidal in activity and killed intracellular bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. We have also identified amino acid residues critical for these SerB2-small molecule interactions. This is the first study where we validate that M. tuberculosis SerB2 is a druggable and suitable target to pursue for further high throughput assay system screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Arora
- From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon 122016, Haryana, India, the Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Maharashtra 412115, India
| | - Prabhakar Tiwari
- From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon 122016, Haryana, India
| | - Rahul Shubhra Mandal
- the Biomedical Informatics Center, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Arpit Gupta
- the CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India, and
| | - Deepak Sharma
- the CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India, and
| | - Sudipto Saha
- the Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- From the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon 122016, Haryana, India,
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Jung TY, Kim YS, Oh BH, Woo E. Identification of a novel ligand binding site in phosphoserine phosphatase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus. Proteins 2013; 81:819-29. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.24238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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