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Chaudhari K, Gohar A, Claerhout S, Ganorkar R. A Robust and Scalable Process for the Synthesis of Substantially Pure Clarithromycin 9-( E)-Oxime with an Established Control of the ( Z)-Isomer Impurity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10411-10418. [PMID: 36969464 PMCID: PMC10034979 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the isomeric impurity in a key raw material is always critical to achieve the corresponding pure isomer-free targeted active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in downstream processing. Clarithromycin 9-(E)-oxime is the key raw material for the synthesis of the 9a-lactam macrolide, which is an interesting scaffold for the synthesis of several bioactive macrolides. Here demonstrated is a scalable process for the preparation of substantially pure clarithromycin 9-(E)-oxime, with less than 1.2% of the (Z)-isomer. The process does not involve a separate time-consuming purification by a crystallization operation to purge the undesired (Z)-oxime isomer. Further, the pure clarithromycin 9-(E)-oxime obtained was subjected to the Beckmann rearrangement, thereby converting it into the pure 9a-lactam scaffold. Additionally, a few other impurities were identified and controlled at each stage. The fine-tuned process was successfully up scaled to a multikilogram scale, enabling the large-scale manufacturing of potential APIs derived from this scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Chaudhari
- Hikal
Ltd, 3A and 3B International Biotech Park Phase II, Hinjewadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411057, India
| | - Anil Gohar
- Hikal
Ltd, 3A and 3B International Biotech Park Phase II, Hinjewadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411057, India
| | - Stijn Claerhout
- Galapagos
NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11, A3, Mechelen 2800, Belgium
| | - Rakesh Ganorkar
- Hikal
Ltd, 3A and 3B International Biotech Park Phase II, Hinjewadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411057, India
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2
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Demarque DP, Heinrich S, Schulz F, Merten C. Sensitivity of VCD spectroscopy for small structural and stereochemical changes of macrolide antibiotics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10926-10929. [PMID: 32807999 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03838e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the application of VCD spectroscopy for the characterization of clarithromycin and erythromycin. We show that the VCD spectra of these large macrolides are distinctly different and that spectra calculations reproduce the experimentally observed VCD signatures. In addition, computed VCD spectra of different epimers indicate that they should also be distinguishable from the correct structure of clarithromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Demarque
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Organische Chemie 2, Stereochemistry and Chiroptical Spectroscopy, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Sascha Heinrich
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Organische Chemie 1, Natural Products Chemistry, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Frank Schulz
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Organische Chemie 1, Natural Products Chemistry, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Merten
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Organische Chemie 2, Stereochemistry and Chiroptical Spectroscopy, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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3
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Janas A, Przybylski P. 14- and 15-membered lactone macrolides and their analogues and hybrids: structure, molecular mechanism of action and biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Tapadar S, Fathi S, Raji I, Omesiete W, Kornacki JR, Mwakwari SC, Miyata M, Mitsutake K, Li JD, Mrksich M, Oyelere AK. A structure-activity relationship of non-peptide macrocyclic histone deacetylase inhibitors and their anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7543-64. [PMID: 26585275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment and several distinct small molecule histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been reported. We have previously identified a new class of non-peptide macrocyclic HDACi derived from 14- and 15-membered macrolide skeletons. In these HDACi, the macrocyclic ring is linked to the zinc chelating hydroxamate moiety through a para-substituted aryl-triazole cap group. To further delineate the depth of the SAR of this class of HDACi, we have synthesized series of analogous compounds and investigated the influence of various substitution patterns on their HDAC inhibitory, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. We identified compounds 25b and 38f with robust anti-proliferative activities and compound 26f (IC50 47.2 nM) with superior anti-inflammatory (IC50 88 nM) activity relative to SAHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Tapadar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Fathi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
| | - Idris Raji
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
| | - Wilson Omesiete
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
| | - James R Kornacki
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Sandra C Mwakwari
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
| | - Masanori Miyata
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Kazunori Mitsutake
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA.
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5
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Pastoriza C, Antelo JM, Amoedo FA, Parajó M. Kinetic study of the formation reaction of N-chloro-2-oxazolidinone. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pastoriza
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 La Coruña Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Antelo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 La Coruña Spain
| | - Francisco Andrés Amoedo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 La Coruña Spain
| | - Mercedes Parajó
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 La Coruña Spain
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6
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The design of novel classes of macrolides for neutrophil-dominated inflammatory diseases. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:657-74. [PMID: 24895894 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-dominated inflammatory diseases, like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis obliteras syndrome and non-eosinophilic asthma, present a significant medical problem lacking adequate therapy. Macrolide antibiotics have been reported to be effective in the treatment of the aforementioned diseases, for reasons unrelated to their antibacterial action. This has resulted in research activities aimed at gaining a better understanding of the immunomodulatory actions of macrolides and the synthesis of various novel anti-inflammatory macrolides without antimicrobial activity. Despite the difficult chemistry and lack of an extensive knowledge for their mechanism of action, several interesting molecules from this class, including potential clinical candidates, are on the horizon.
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Mandhapati AR, Shcherbakov D, Duscha S, Vasella A, Böttger EC, Crich D. Importance of the 6'-hydroxy group and its configuration for apramycin activity. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2074-83. [PMID: 25045149 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of apramycin derivatives was prepared and investigated for antibacterial activity and the ability to inhibit protein synthesis in cell-free translation assays. The effect of various modifications at the 6'- and N7'-positions on antiribosomal activity is discussed in terms of their influence on drug binding to specific residues in the decoding A-site. These studies contribute to the development of a structure-activity relationship for the antibacterial activity of the apramycin class of aminoglycosides and to the future design and development of more active and less toxic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appi Reddy Mandhapati
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202 (USA)
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Ištuk ZM, Vujasinovi I, Čikoš A, Kragol G. Regioselective 2-Imino-1,3-thiazolidine vs. 2-Imino-1,3-oxazolidine Formation from the Vicinalsec-Amino Alcohol of Desosamine. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bosnar M, Kragol G, Koštrun S, Vujasinović I, Bošnjak B, Bencetić Mihaljević V, Marušić Ištuk Z, Kapić S, Hrvačić B, Brajša K, Tavčar B, Jelić D, Glojnarić I, Verbanac D, Čulić O, Padovan J, Alihodžić S, Eraković Haber V, Spaventi R. N′-Substituted-2′-O,3′-N-carbonimidoyl Bridged Macrolides: Novel Anti-inflammatory Macrolides without Antimicrobial Activity. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6111-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300356u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bosnar
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Kragol
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Koštrun
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Vujasinović
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Berislav Bošnjak
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Zorica Marušić Ištuk
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Samra Kapić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boška Hrvačić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karmen Brajša
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Tavčar
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravko Jelić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Glojnarić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ognjen Čulić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Padovan
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sulejman Alihodžić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Eraković Haber
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Radan Spaventi
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre
Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia
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