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Hill DR, Huters AD, Towne TB, Reddy RE, Fogle JL, Voight EA, Kym PR. Parkinson's Disease: Advances in Treatment and the Syntheses of Various Classes of Pharmaceutical Drug Substances. Chem Rev 2023; 123:13693-13712. [PMID: 37975808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
An overview of Parkinson's disease (PD) prevalence, diagnosis, and currently available treatment options is provided. A comprehensive list of different classes of marketed pharmaceutical drug products and the syntheses of various drug substances are summarized based on published literature.
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2
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Garcia PJB, Huang SKH, De Castro-Cruz KA, Leron RB, Tsai PW. In Silico Neuroprotective Effects of Specific Rheum palmatum Metabolites on Parkinson's Disease Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13929. [PMID: 37762232 PMCID: PMC10530814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the large-scale health issues detrimental to human quality of life, and current treatments are only focused on neuroprotection and easing symptoms. This study evaluated in silico binding activity and estimated the stability of major metabolites in the roots of R. palmatum (RP) with main protein targets in Parkinson's disease and their ADMET properties. The major metabolites of RP were subjected to molecular docking and QSAR with α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase isoform B, catechol o-methyltransferase, and A2A adenosine receptor. From this, emodin had the greatest binding activity with Parkinson's disease targets. The chemical stability of the selected compounds was estimated using density functional theory analyses. The docked compounds showed good stability for inhibitory action compared to dopamine and levodopa. According to their structure-activity relationship, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, and rhein exhibited good inhibitory activity to specific targets. Finally, mediocre pharmacokinetic properties were observed due to unexceptional blood-brain barrier penetration and safety profile. It was revealed that the major metabolites of RP may have good neuroprotective activity as an additional hit for PD drug development. Also, an association between redox-mediating and activities with PD-relevant protein targets was observed, potentially opening discussion on electrochemical mechanisms with biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jay B. Garcia
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (P.J.B.G.); (K.A.D.C.-C.); (R.B.L.)
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Steven Kuan-Hua Huang
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan;
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 711, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kathlia A. De Castro-Cruz
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (P.J.B.G.); (K.A.D.C.-C.); (R.B.L.)
| | - Rhoda B. Leron
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (P.J.B.G.); (K.A.D.C.-C.); (R.B.L.)
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan;
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Niu ZJ, Li LH, Li XS, Liu HC, Shi WY, Liang YM. Formation of o-Allyl- and Allenyl-Modified Amides via Intermolecular Claisen Rearrangement. Org Lett 2021; 23:1315-1320. [PMID: 33534590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new transition-metal-free intermolecular Claisen rearrangement process to introduce allyl and allenyl groups into the α position of tertiary amides. In this transformation, amides were activated by trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride to produce the keteniminium ion intermediates that exhibit strong electrophilic activity. This atom-economical process delivers α position-modified amides under mild conditions in moderate to good yields and showcases a broad substrate compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lian-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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4
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New drug approvals for 2019: Synthesis and clinical applications. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Savateev KV, Ulomsky EN, Butorin II, Charushin VN, Rusinov VL, Chupakhin ON. Azoloazines as A2a receptor antagonists. Structure–activity relationship. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Short synthesis of phenylpropanoid glycoside grayanoside-A and analogues. Carbohydr Res 2016; 436:50-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Lenselink E, Louvel J, Forti AF, van Veldhoven JPD, de Vries H, Mulder-Krieger T, McRobb FM, Negri A, Goose J, Abel R, van
Vlijmen HWT, Wang L, Harder E, Sherman W, IJzerman AP, Beuming T. Predicting Binding Affinities for GPCR Ligands Using Free-Energy Perturbation. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:293-304. [PMID: 30023478 PMCID: PMC6044636 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of structural information for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has led to a greater understanding of their structure, function, selectivity, and ligand binding. Although novel ligands have been identified using methods such as virtual screening, computationally driven lead optimization has been possible only in isolated cases because of challenges associated with predicting binding free energies for related compounds. Here, we provide a systematic characterization of the performance of free-energy perturbation (FEP) calculations to predict relative binding free energies of congeneric ligands binding to GPCR targets using a consistent protocol and no adjustable parameters. Using the FEP+ package, first we validated the protocol, which includes a full lipid bilayer and explicit solvent, by predicting the binding affinity for a total of 45 different ligands across four different GPCRs (adenosine A2AAR, β1 adrenergic, CXCR4 chemokine, and δ opioid receptors). Comparison with experimental binding affinity measurements revealed a highly predictive ranking correlation (average spearman ρ = 0.55) and low root-mean-square error (0.80 kcal/mol). Next, we applied FEP+ in a prospective project, where we predicted the affinity of novel, potent adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists. Four novel compounds were synthesized and tested in a radioligand displacement assay, yielding affinity values in the nanomolar range. The affinity of two out of the four novel ligands (plus three previously reported compounds) was correctly predicted (within 1 kcal/mol), including one compound with approximately a tenfold increase in affinity compared to the starting compound. Detailed analyses of the simulations underlying the predictions provided insights into the structural basis for the two cases where the affinity was overpredicted. Taken together, these results establish a protocol for systematically applying FEP+ to GPCRs and provide guidelines for identifying potent molecules in drug discovery lead optimization projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eelke
B. Lenselink
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Louvel
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Anna F. Forti
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus P. D. van Veldhoven
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Henk de Vries
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Thea Mulder-Krieger
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona M. McRobb
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Ana Negri
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Joseph Goose
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Robert Abel
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Herman W. T. van
Vlijmen
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Lingle Wang
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Edward Harder
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Woody Sherman
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Phone: +31-71-5274651. Fax: +31-71-5274277 (A.P.I.)
| | - Thijs Beuming
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
- E-mail: . Phone: +1 (212) 548-2333. Fax: +1 (212) 295-5801 (T.B.)
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Jörg M, Scammells PJ. Guidelines for the Synthesis of Small-Molecule Irreversible Probes Targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1488-98. [PMID: 27347648 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible probes have been proven to be useful pharmacological tools in the study of structural and functional features in drug receptor pharmacology. They have been demonstrated to be particularly valuable for the isolation and purification of receptors. Furthermore, irreversible probes are helpful tools for the identification and characterization of binding sites, thereby supporting the advancement of rational drug design. In this Minireview, we provide insight into universal strategies and guidelines to successfully synthesize irreversible probes that target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We provide an overview of commonly used chemoreactive and photoreactive groups, and make a comparison of their properties and potential applications. Furthermore, there is a particular focus on synthetic approaches to introduce these reactive groups based on commercially available reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Jörg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.
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Jazayeri A, Andrews SP, Marshall FH. Structurally Enabled Discovery of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists. Chem Rev 2016; 117:21-37. [PMID: 27333206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a revolution in the field of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structural biology. Many years of innovative research from different areas have come together to fuel this significant change in the fortunes of this field, which for many years was characterized by the paucity of high-resolution structures. The determination to succeed has been in part due to the recognized importance of these proteins as drug targets, and although the pharmaceutical industry has been focusing on these receptors, it can be justifiably argued and demonstrated that many of the approved and commercially successful GPCR drugs can be significantly improved to increase efficacy and/or reduce undesired side effects. In addition, many validated targets in this class remain to be drugged. It is widely recognized that application of structure-based drug design approaches can help medicinal chemists a long way toward discovering better drugs. The achievement of structural biologists in providing high-resolution insight is beginning to transform drug discovery efforts, and there are a number of GPCR drugs that have been discovered by use of structural information that are in clinical development. This review aims to highlight the key developments that have brought success to GPCR structure resolution efforts and exemplify the practical application of structural information for the discovery of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists that have potential to treat multiple conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jazayeri
- Heptares Therapeutics Limited , BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Andrews
- Heptares Therapeutics Limited , BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona H Marshall
- Heptares Therapeutics Limited , BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
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10
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Massink A, Holzheimer M, Hölscher A, Louvel J, Guo D, Spijksma G, Hankemeier T, IJzerman AP. Mass spectrometry-based ligand binding assays on adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:581-94. [PMID: 26482925 PMCID: PMC4648803 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional methods to measure ligand-receptor binding parameters typically require radiolabeled ligands as probes. Despite the robustness of radioligand binding assays, they carry inherent disadvantages in terms of safety precautions, expensive synthesis, special lab requirements, and waste disposal. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a method that can selectively detect ligands without the need of a label. The sensitivity of MS equipment increases progressively, and currently, it is possible to detect low ligand quantities that are usually found in ligand binding assays. We developed a label-free MS ligand binding (MS binding) assay on the adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (A1AR and A2AAR), which are well-characterized members of the class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Radioligand binding assays for both receptors are well established, and ample data is available to compare and evaluate the performance of an MS binding assay. 1,3-Dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl-xanthine (DPCPX) and 4-(2-((7-amino-2-(furan-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-[1,3,5]triazin-5-yl)amino)ethyl)phenol (ZM-241,385) are high-affinity ligands selective for the A1AR and A2AAR, respectively. To proof the feasibility of MS binding on the A1AR and A2AAR, we first developed an MS detection method for unlabeled DPCPX and ZM-241,385. To serve as internal standards, both compounds were also deuterium-labeled. Subsequently, we investigated whether the two unlabeled compounds could substitute for their radiolabeled counterparts as marker ligands in binding experiments, including saturation, displacement, dissociation, and competition association assays. Furthermore, we investigated the accuracy of these assays if the use of internal standards was excluded. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the MS binding assay, even in the absence of a deuterium-labeled internal standard, and provide great promise for the further development of label-free assays based on MS for other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Massink
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Holzheimer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Hölscher
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Louvel
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Guo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Spijksma
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A P IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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GPCR crystal structures: Medicinal chemistry in the pocket. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3880-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Ding HX, Leverett CA, Kyne RE, Liu KKC, Fink SJ, Flick AC, O’Donnell CJ. Synthetic approaches to the 2013 new drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1895-922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zavodskaya AV, Bakharev VV, Parfenov VE, Gidaspov AA, Slepukhin PA, Isenov ML, Eltsov OS. Synthesis of new 5-aza-isosteres of guanine containing aryl and hetaryl substituents on the 1,2,4-triazole ring. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jörg M, May LT, Mak FS, Lee KCK, Miller ND, Scammells PJ, Capuano B. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of dual acting ligands targeting the adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors for the potential treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Med Chem 2014; 58:718-38. [PMID: 25490054 DOI: 10.1021/jm501254d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A relatively new strategy in drug discovery is the development of dual acting ligands. These molecules are potentially able to interact at two orthosteric binding sites of a heterodimer simultaneously, possibly resulting in enhanced subtype selectivity, higher affinity, enhanced or modified physiological response, and reduced reliance on multiple drug administration regimens. In this study, we have successfully synthesized a series of classical heterobivalent ligands as well as a series of more integrated and "drug-like" dual acting molecules, incorporating ropinirole as a dopamine D2 receptor agonist and ZM 241385 as an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. The best compounds of our series maintained the potency of the original pharmacophores at both receptors (adenosine A2A and dopamine D2). In addition, the integrated dual acting ligands also showed promising results in preliminary blood-brain barrier permeability tests, whereas the classical heterobivalent ligands are potentially more suited as pharmacological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Jörg
- Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Lim FPL, Dolzhenko AV. 1,3,5-Triazine-based analogues of purine: From isosteres to privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:371-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Guo D, Xia L, van Veldhoven JPD, Hazeu M, Mocking T, Brussee J, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH. Binding Kinetics of ZM241385 Derivatives at the Human Adenosine A2AReceptor. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:752-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Belskaya N, Subbotina J, Lesogorova S. Synthesis of 2H-1,2,3-Triazoles. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2014_125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Jörg M, Kaczor AA, Mak FS, Lee KCK, Poso A, Miller ND, Scammells PJ, Capuano B. Investigation of novel ropinirole analogues: synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and computational analysis of dopamine D2 receptor functionalized congeners and homobivalent ligands. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00066h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study includes the synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and molecular modeling study of novel ropinirole-based monovalent and homobivalent ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Jörg
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Australia
| | - Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Lab
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics
- Medical University of Lublin
- Lublin
- Poland
| | - Frankie S. Mak
- GSK R&D
- Neural Pathways DPU
- Neurosciences TAU
- Singapore 138667
- Singapore
| | - Kiew Ching K. Lee
- GSK R&D
- Neural Pathways DPU
- Neurosciences TAU
- Singapore 138667
- Singapore
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Eastern Finland
- Kuopio
- Finland
| | - Neil D. Miller
- GSK R&D
- Neural Pathways DPU
- Neurosciences TAU
- Singapore 138667
- Singapore
| | | | - Ben Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Australia
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Kalinina SA, Kalinin DV, Dolzhenko AV. A one-pot, three-component, microwave-promoted synthesis of 2-amino-substituted 7-amino-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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