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Peytam F, Emamgholipour Z, Mousavi A, Moradi M, Foroumadi R, Firoozpour L, Divsalar F, Safavi M, Foroumadi A. Imidazopyridine-based kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents: A review. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106831. [PMID: 37683538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Considering the fundamental role of protein kinases in the mechanism of protein phosphorylation in critical cellular processes, their dysregulation, especially in cancers, has underscored their therapeutic relevance. Imidazopyridines represent versatile scaffolds found in abundant bioactive compounds. Given their structural features, imidazopyridines have possessed pivotal potency to interact with different protein kinases, inspiring researchers to carry out numerous structural variations. In this comprehensive review, we encompass an extensive survey of the design and biological evaluations of imidazopyridine-based small molecules as potential agents targeting diverse kinases for anticancer applications. We describe the structural elements critical to inhibitory potency, elucidating their key structure-activity relationships (SAR) and mode of actions, where available. We classify these compounds into two groups: Serine/threonine and Tyrosine inhibitors. By highlighting the promising role of imidazopyridines in kinase inhibition, we aim to facilitate the design and development of more effective, targeted compounds for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Peytam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Emamgholipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mousavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahfam Moradi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roham Foroumadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Divsalar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Recent discovery of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ inhibitors for the treatment of immune diseases and cancers. Future Med Chem 2020; 11:2151-2169. [PMID: 31538525 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, PI3Kγ, a vital kinase, which involved in numerous intracellular signaling pathways, has been considered as a promising drug target for the treatment of immune diseases and certain cancers. Before the 21st century, few selective PI3Kγ inhibitors were discovered because no non-conserved structure in the ATP binding sites of PI3Kγ had been found. Since the discovery of the non-ATP binding pocket, the reported structures of potent and selective PI3Kγ inhibitors have become more diverse, and one compound (IPI549) has entered Phase I clinical trial. This review centers on a general overview of PI3Kγ inhibitors in clinical and preclinical as well as further therapeutic applications in human diseases.
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Combining properties of different classes of PI3Kα inhibitors to understand the molecular features that confer selectivity. Biochem J 2017; 474:2261-2276. [PMID: 28526744 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are major regulators of many cellular functions, and hyperactivation of PI3K cell signalling pathways is a major target for anticancer drug discovery. PI3Kα is the isoform most implicated in cancer, and our aim is to selectively inhibit this isoform, which may be more beneficial than concurrent inhibition of all Class I PI3Ks. We have used structure-guided design to merge high-selectivity and high-affinity characteristics found in existing compounds. Molecular docking, including the prediction of water-mediated interactions, was used to model interactions between the ligands and the PI3Kα affinity pocket. Inhibition was tested using lipid kinase assays, and active compounds were tested for effects on PI3K cell signalling. The first-generation compounds synthesized had IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) values >4 μM for PI3Kα yet were selective for PI3Kα over the other Class I isoforms (β, δ and γ). The second-generation compounds explored were predicted to better engage the affinity pocket through direct and water-mediated interactions with the enzyme, and the IC50 values decreased by ∼30-fold. Cell signalling analysis showed that some of the new PI3Kα inhibitors were more active in the H1047R mutant bearing cell lines SK-OV-3 and T47D, compared with the E545K mutant harbouring MCF-7 cell line. In conclusion, we have used a structure-based design approach to combine features from two different compound classes to create new PI3Kα-selective inhibitors. This provides new insights into the contribution of different chemical units and interactions with different parts of the active site to the selectivity and potency of PI3Kα inhibitors.
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Han W, Menezes DL, Xu Y, Knapp MS, Elling R, Burger MT, Ni ZJ, Smith A, Lan J, Williams TE, Verhagen J, Huh K, Merritt H, Chan J, Kaufman S, Voliva CF, Pecchi S. Discovery of imidazo[1,2-a]-pyridine inhibitors of pan-PI3 kinases that are efficacious in a mouse xenograft model. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:742-746. [PMID: 26774655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in PI3K/AKT signaling are known to be implicated with tumorigenesis. The PI3 kinases family of lipid kinases has been an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Imidazopyridine compound 1, a potent, selective, and orally available pan-PI3K inhibitor, identified by scaffold morphing of a benzothiazole hit, was further optimized in order to achieve efficacy in a PTEN-deleted A2780 ovarian cancer mouse xenograft model. With a hypothesis that a planar conformation between the core and the 6-heteroaryl ring will allow for the accommodation of larger 5'-substituents in a hydrophobic area under P-loop, SAR efforts focused on 5'-alkoxy heteroaryl rings at the 6-position of imidazopyridine and imidazopyridazine cores that have the same dihedral angle of zero degrees. 6'-Alkoxy 5'-aminopyrazines in the imidazopyridine series were identified as the most potent compounds in the A2780 cell line. Compound 14 with 1,1,1-trifluoroisopropoxy group at 6'-position demonstrated excellent potency and selectivity, good oral exposure in rats and in vivo efficacy in A2780 tumor-bearing mouse. Also, we disclose the X-ray co-crystal structure of one enantiomer of compound 14 in PI3Kα, confirming that the trifluoromethyl group fits nicely in the hydrophobic hot spot under P-loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Han
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Daniel L Menezes
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Yongjin Xu
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Mark S Knapp
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Robert Elling
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Matthew T Burger
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Zhi-Jie Ni
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Aaron Smith
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Jiong Lan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Teresa E Williams
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Joelle Verhagen
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Kay Huh
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Hanne Merritt
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - John Chan
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Charles F Voliva
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Sabina Pecchi
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
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Collier PN, Martinez-Botella G, Cornebise M, Cottrell KM, Doran JD, Griffith JP, Mahajan S, Maltais F, Moody CS, Huck EP, Wang T, Aronov AM. Structural Basis for Isoform Selectivity in a Class of Benzothiazole Inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ. J Med Chem 2014; 58:517-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500362j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip N. Collier
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | | | - Mark Cornebise
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Kevin M. Cottrell
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - John D. Doran
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - James P. Griffith
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Sudipta Mahajan
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - François Maltais
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Cameron S. Moody
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Emilie Porter Huck
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Tiansheng Wang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Alex M. Aronov
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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