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Sharma B, Dhiman C, Hasan GM, Shamsi A, Hassan MI. Pharmacological Features and Therapeutic Implications of Plumbagin in Cancer and Metabolic Disorders: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:3033. [PMID: 39275349 PMCID: PMC11397539 DOI: 10.3390/nu16173033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (PLB) is a naphthoquinone extracted from Plumbago indica. In recent times, there has been a growing body of evidence suggesting the potential importance of naphthoquinones, both natural and artificial, in the pharmacological world. Numerous studies have indicated that PLB plays a vital role in combating cancers and other disorders. There is substantial evidence indicating that PLB may have a significant role in the treatment of breast cancer, brain tumours, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other conditions. Moreover, its potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties offer promising avenues for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. A number of studies have identified various pathways that may be responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of PLB. These include cell cycle regulation, apoptotic pathways, ROS induction pathways, inflammatory pathways, and signal transduction pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, STAT3/PLK1/AKT, and others. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the diverse pharmacological roles of PLB, examining the mechanisms through which it operates and exploring its potential applications in various medical conditions. In addition, we have conducted a review of the various formulations that have been reported in the literature with the objective of enhancing the efficacy of the compound. However, the majority of the reviewed data are based on in vitro and in vivo studies. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the safety and efficacy of PLB in humans and to ascertain its potential integration into therapeutic regimens for cancer and chronic diseases, rigorous clinical trials are essential. Finally, by synthesizing current research and identifying gaps in knowledge, this review seeks to enhance our understanding of PLB and its therapeutic prospects, paving the way for future studies and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Chitra Dhiman
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md Imtiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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Roles and mechanisms of alternative splicing in cancer - implications for care. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:457-474. [PMID: 32303702 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Removal of introns from messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNA splicing) is an essential step for the expression of most eukaryotic genes. Alternative splicing enables the regulated generation of multiple mRNA and protein products from a single gene. Cancer cells have general as well as cancer type-specific and subtype-specific alterations in the splicing process that can have prognostic value and contribute to every hallmark of cancer progression, including cancer immune responses. These splicing alterations are often linked to the occurrence of cancer driver mutations in genes encoding either core components or regulators of the splicing machinery. Of therapeutic relevance, the transcriptomic landscape of cancer cells makes them particularly vulnerable to pharmacological inhibition of splicing. Small-molecule splicing modulators are currently in clinical trials and, in addition to splice site-switching antisense oligonucleotides, offer the promise of novel and personalized approaches to cancer treatment.
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Schroeder R, Sfondouris M, Goyal N, Komati R, Weerathunga A, Gettridge C, Stevens CLK, Jones FE, Sridhar J. Identification of New Mono/Dihydroxynaphthoquinone as Lead Agents That Inhibit the Growth of Refractive and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10610-10619. [PMID: 31460159 PMCID: PMC6648266 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in nearly 20-30% of breast cancers and is associated with metastasis resulting in poor patient survival and high recurrence. The dual EGFR/HER2 kinase inhibitor lapatinib has shown promising clinical results, but its limitations have also led to the resistance and activation of tumor survival pathways. Following our previous investigation of quinones as HER2 kinase inhibitors, we synthesized several naphthoquinone derivatives that significantly inhibited breast tumor cells expressing HER2 and trastuzumab-resistant HER2 oncogenic isoform, HER2Δ16. Two of these compounds were shown to be more effective than lapatinib at the inhibition of HER2 autophosphorylation of Y1248. Compounds 7 (5,8-dihydroxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione) and 9 (2-(bromomethyl)-5,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione) inhibited HER2-expressing MCF-7 cells (IC50 0.29 and 1.76 μM, respectively) and HER2Δ16-expressing MCF-7 cells (IC50 0.51 and 1.76 μM, respectively). Compound 7 was also shown to promote cell death in multiple refractory breast cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.12 to 2.92 μM. These compounds can function as lead compounds for the design of a new series of nonquinonoid structural compounds that can maintain a similar inhibition profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Schroeder
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1, Drexel Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Mary Sfondouris
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2000 Percival
Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Navneet Goyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1, Drexel Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Rajesh Komati
- Department
of Chemistry, Nicholls State University, 129 Beauregard Hall, 906 E. 1st
Street, Thibodaux, Louisiana 70301, United States
| | - Achira Weerathunga
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1, Drexel Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Cory Gettridge
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1, Drexel Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Klein Stevens
- Ogden
College of Science and Engineering, Western
Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard #11075, Bowling
Green, Kentucky 42101-1075, United States
| | - Frank E. Jones
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2000 Percival
Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1, Drexel Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
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Jha V, Goyal N, Stevens CK, Stevens E, Sridhar J. Synthetic Method to Form 2,2'-Bis(naphthoquinone) Compounds. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13686-13692. [PMID: 29111723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have discovered a transition-metal-free approach to the synthesis of 2,2'-bis(naphthoquinones) using a Diels-Alder reaction of conjugated ketene silyl acetals with benzoquinone. Its monomer analogue can also be synthesized by simply increasing the equivalents of benzoquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajeet Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana , 1, Drexel Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Navneet Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana , 1, Drexel Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Cheryl K Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101, United States
| | - Edwin Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101, United States
| | - Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana , 1, Drexel Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
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Qu D, Yan A, Zhang JS. SAR and QSAR study on the bioactivities of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 28:111-132. [PMID: 28235391 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2017.1284898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, structure-activity relationship (SAR, classification) and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models have been established to predict the bioactivity of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) inhibitors. For the SAR study, we established six SAR (or classification) models to distinguish highly and weakly active HER2 inhibitors. The dataset contained 868 HER2 inhibitors, which was split into a training set including 580 inhibitors and a test set including 288 inhibitors by a Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM), or a random method. The SAR models were performed using support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) methods. Among the six models, SVM models obtained superior results compared with other models. The prediction accuracy of the best model (model 1A) was 90.27% and the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) was 0.80 on the test set. For the QSAR study, we chose 286 HER2 inhibitors to establish six quantitative prediction models using MLR, SVM and MLP methods. The correlation coefficient (r) of the best model (model 4B) was 0.92 on the test set. The descriptors analysis showed that HAccN, lone pair electronegativity and π electronegativity were closely related to the bioactivity of HER2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Qu
- a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - A Yan
- a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - J S Zhang
- b The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China , Beijing , P.R. China
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Huynh FC, Jones FE. MicroRNA-7 inhibits multiple oncogenic pathways to suppress HER2Δ16 mediated breast tumorigenesis and reverse trastuzumab resistance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114419. [PMID: 25532106 PMCID: PMC4273950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic isoform of HER2, HER2Δ16, is expressed with HER2 in nearly 50% of HER2 positive breast tumors where HER2Δ16 drives metastasis and resistance to multiple therapeutic interventions including tamoxifen and trastuzumab. In recent years microRNAs have been shown to influence multiple aspects of tumorigenesis and tumor cell response to therapy. Accordingly, the HER2Δ16 oncogene alters microRNA expression to promote endocrine resistance. With the goal of identifying microRNA suppressors of HER2Δ16 oncogenic activity we investigated the contribution of altered microRNA expression to HER2Δ16 mediated tumorigenesis and trastuzumab resistance. Using a gene array strategy comparing microRNA expression profiles of MCF-7 to MCF-7/HER2Δ16 cells, we found that expression of HER2Δ16 significantly altered expression of 16 microRNAs by 2-fold or more including a 4.8 fold suppression of the miR-7 tumor suppressor. Reestablished expression of miR-7 in the MCF-7/HER2Δ16 cell line caused a G1 cell cycle arrest and reduced both colony formation and cell migration activity to levels of parental MCF-7 cells. Suppression of miR-7 in the MCF-7 cell line resulted in enhanced colony formation activity but not cell migration, indicating that miR-7 suppression is sufficient to drive tumor cell proliferation but not migration. MiR-7 inhibited MCF-7/HER2Δ16 cell migration through a mechanism involving suppression of the miR-7 target gene EGFR. In contrast, miR-7 inhibition of MCF-7/HER2Δ16 cell proliferation involved a pathway where miR-7 expression resulted in the inactivation of Src kinase independent of suppressed EGFR expression. Also independent of EGFR suppression, reestablished miR-7 expression sensitized refractory MCF-7/HER2Δ16 cells to trastuzumab. Our results demonstrate that reestablished miR-7 expression abolishes HER2Δ16 induced cell proliferation and migration while sensitizing HER2Δ16 expressing cells to trastuzumab therapy. We propose that miR-7 regulated pathways, including EGFR and Src kinase, represent targets for the therapeutic intervention of refractory and metastatic HER2Δ16 driven breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia C. Huynh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Frank E. Jones
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schroeder RL, Stevens CL, Sridhar J. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors of ErbB2/HER2/Neu in the treatment of aggressive breast cancer. Molecules 2014; 19:15196-212. [PMID: 25251190 PMCID: PMC6270702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190915196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the erbB class of tyrosine kinase receptors. These proteins are normally expressed at the surface of healthy cells and play critical roles in the signal transduction cascade in a myriad of biochemical pathways responsible for cell growth and differentiation. However, it is widely known that amplification and subsequent overexpression of the HER2 encoding oncogene results in unregulated cell proliferation in an aggressive form of breast cancer known as HER2-positive breast cancer. Existing therapies such as trastuzumab (Herceptin®) and lapatinib (Tyverb/Tykerb®), a monoclonal antibody inhibitor and a dual EGFR/HER2 kinase inhibitor, respectively, are currently used in the treatment of HER2-positive cancers, although issues with high recurrence and acquired resistance still remain. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors provide attractive therapeutic targets, as they are able to block cell signaling associated with many of the proposed mechanisms for HER2 resistance. In this regard we aim to present a review on the available HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as those currently in development. The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as sequential or combinatorial therapeutic strategies with other HER family inhibitors is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| | - Cheryl L Stevens
- Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard #11075, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
| | - Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
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