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Mangunuru HPR, Terrab L, Janganati V, Kalikinidi NR, Tenneti S, Natarajan V, Shada ADR, Naini SR, Gajula P, Lee D, Samankumara LP, Mamunooru M, Jayaraman A, Sahani RL, Yin J, Hewa-Rahinduwage CC, Gangu A, Chen A, Wang Z, Desai B, Yue TY, Wannere CS, Armstrong JD, Donsbach KO, Sirasani G, Gupton BF, Qu B, Senanayake CH. Synthesis of Chiral 1,2-Amino Alcohol-Containing Compounds Utilizing Ruthenium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Unprotected α-Ketoamines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6085-6099. [PMID: 38648720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a facile synthetic strategy to access an important class of drug molecules that contain chiral 1,2-amino alcohol functionality utilizing highly effective ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of unprotected α-ketoamines. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a crisis of shortage of many important drugs, especially norepinephrine and epinephrine, for the treatment of anaphylaxis and hypotension because of the increased demand. Unfortunately, the existing technologies are not fulfilling the worldwide requirement due to the existing lengthy synthetic protocols that require additional protection and deprotection steps. We identified a facile synthetic protocol via a highly enantioselective one-step process for epinephrine and a two-step process for norepinephrine starting from unprotected α-ketoamines 1b and 1a, respectively. This newly developed enantioselective ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation was extended to the synthesis of many 1,2-amino alcohol-containing drug molecules such as phenylephrine, denopamine, norbudrine, and levisoprenaline, with enantioselectivities of >99% ee and high isolated yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari P R Mangunuru
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Leila Terrab
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Venumadhav Janganati
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | | | - Srinivasarao Tenneti
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Vasudevan Natarajan
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Arun D R Shada
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Santhosh Reddy Naini
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Praveen Gajula
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Daniel Lee
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Lalith P Samankumara
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Manasa Mamunooru
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Aravindan Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Rajkumar Lalji Sahani
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Jinya Yin
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | | | - Aravind Gangu
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Anji Chen
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Zhirui Wang
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Bimbisar Desai
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Tai Y Yue
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Chaitanya S Wannere
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Joseph D Armstrong
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Kai O Donsbach
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Gopal Sirasani
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - B Frank Gupton
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Bo Qu
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Chris H Senanayake
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
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Keith JM, Jones W, Pierce JM, Seierstad M, Palmer JA, Webb M, Karbarz M, Scott BP, Wilson SJ, Luo L, Wennerholm M, Chang L, Rizzolio M, Rynberg R, Chaplan S, Guy Breitenbucher J. Heteroarylureas with fused bicyclic diamine cores as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127463. [PMID: 32784090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of mechanism-based heteroaryl urea fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors with fused bicyclic diamine cores is described. In contrast to compounds built around a piperazine core, most of the fused bicyclic diamine bearing analogs prepared exhibited greater potency against rFAAH than the human enzyme. Several compounds equipotent against both species were identified and profiled in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Keith
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - William Jones
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joan M Pierce
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Mark Seierstad
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - James A Palmer
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael Webb
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Mark Karbarz
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brian P Scott
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sandy J Wilson
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lin Luo
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michelle Wennerholm
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Leon Chang
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michele Rizzolio
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Raymond Rynberg
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sandra Chaplan
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - J Guy Breitenbucher
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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3
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Shang Y, Hao Q, Jiang K, He M, Wang J. Discovery of heterocyclic carbohydrazide derivatives as novel selective fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors: design, synthesis and anti-neuroinflammatory evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127118. [PMID: 32216992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a promising target for the development of drugs to treat pain, inflammation, and other central nervous system disorders. Herein, a series of novel heterocyclic carbohydrazide derivatives were firstly designed by the classic scaffold-hopping strategy. Then, multi-steps synthesis and human FAAH enzyme inhibiting activity assays were conducted. Among them, compound 26 showedstrong inhibition against human FAAH with IC50 of 2.8 μM. Corresponding docking studies revealed that the acyl hydrazide group of compound 26 well-occupied the acyl-chain binding pocket. It also exhibited high selectivity towards FAAH when comparing with CES2 and MAGL. Additionally, compound 26 effectively suppressed the LPS-induced neuroinflammation of microglial cells (BV2) via the reduction of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Our results provided significative lead compounds for the further discovery of novel selective and safe FAAH inhibitors with potent anti-neuroinflammation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qingjing Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaixuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengting He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Bhuniya D, Kharul RK, Hajare A, Shaikh N, Bhosale S, Balwe S, Begum F, De S, Athavankar S, Joshi D, Madgula V, Joshi K, Raje AA, Meru AV, Magdum A, Mookhtiar KA, Barbhaiya R. Discovery and evaluation of novel FAAH inhibitors in neuropathic pain model. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:238-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Saha A, Shih AY, Mirzadegan T, Seierstad M. Predicting the Binding of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors by Free Energy Perturbation. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:5815-5822. [PMID: 30289722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since a goal of most drug discovery projects in either academia or industry is to design molecules that selectively bind to the desired protein, determination of protein-ligand binding free energies is of utmost importance in computer aided drug design. With the help of significant improvements in computer power, enhanced sampling techniques and accuracy of force fields, FEP (free energy perturbation) is becoming an important tool to estimate binding free energies in many drug discovery projects both retrospectively and prospectively. We have evaluated the ability of Schrödinger's FEP+ to predict relative binding free energies of a congeneric series of noncovalent fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors using an in-house crystal structure. This study shows that although an impressively accurate correlation can be obtained with experimental IC50s considering small perturbations on the deeper side of the pocket, the same was not observed with small perturbations on the relatively more open-ended and solvent-accessible side of the pocket. To understand these observations, we thoroughly investigated several key factors including the sampling of asymmetrically substituted rings, different perturbation maps, impact of simultaneous perturbations at two different ends of the ligand, and selecting the perturbations in a "chemically sensible" way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Saha
- Janssen Research and Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Amy Y Shih
- Janssen Research and Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Taraneh Mirzadegan
- Janssen Research and Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Mark Seierstad
- Janssen Research and Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
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6
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Enhanced endocannabinoid tone as a potential target of pharmacotherapy. Life Sci 2018; 204:20-45. [PMID: 29729263 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is up-regulated in numerous pathophysiological states such as inflammatory, neurodegenerative, gastrointestinal, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, pain, and cancer. It has been suggested that this phenomenon primarily serves an autoprotective role in inhibiting disease progression and/or diminishing signs and symptoms. Accordingly, enhancement of endogenous endocannabinoid tone by inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of many diseases. Importantly, this allows for the avoidance of unwanted psychotropic side effects that accompany exogenously administered cannabinoids. The effects of endocannabinoid metabolic pathway modulation are complex, as endocannabinoids can exert their actions directly or via numerous metabolites. The two main strategies for blocking endocannabinoid degradation are inhibition of endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes and inhibition of endocannabinoid cellular uptake. To date, the most investigated compounds are inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme that degrades the endocannabinoid anandamide. However, application of FAAH inhibitors (and consequently other endocannabinoid degradation inhibitors) in medicine became questionable due to a lack of therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials and serious adverse effects evoked by one specific compound. In this paper, we discuss multiple pathways of endocannabinoid metabolism, changes in endocannabinoid levels across numerous human diseases and corresponding experimental models, pharmacological strategies for enhancing endocannabinoid tone and potential therapeutic applications including multi-target drugs with additional targets outside of the endocannabinoid system (cyclooxygenase-2, cholinesterase, TRPV1, and PGF2α-EA receptors), and currently used medicines or medicinal herbs that additionally enhance endocannabinoid levels. Ultimately, further clinical and preclinical studies are warranted to develop medicines for enhancing endocannabinoid tone.
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7
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Tuo W, Leleu-Chavain N, Spencer J, Sansook S, Millet R, Chavatte P. Therapeutic Potential of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase, Monoacylglycerol Lipase, and N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 60:4-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tuo
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995,
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Natascha Leleu-Chavain
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995,
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Supojjanee Sansook
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Régis Millet
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995,
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Chavatte
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995,
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
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8
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Keith JM, Jones WM, Tichenor M, Liu J, Seierstad M, Palmer JA, Webb M, Karbarz M, Scott BP, Wilson S, Luo L, Wennerholm ML, Chang L, Rizzolio M, Rynberg R, Chaplan SR, Breitenbucher JG. Preclinical Characterization of the FAAH Inhibitor JNJ-42165279. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:1204-8. [PMID: 26713105 PMCID: PMC4677372 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The pre-clinical characterization of the aryl piperazinyl urea inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) JNJ-42165279 is described. JNJ-42165279 covalently inactivates the FAAH enzyme, but is highly selective with regard to other enzymes, ion channels, transporters, and receptors. JNJ-42165279 exhibited excellent ADME and pharmacodynamic properties as evidenced by its ability to block FAAH in the brain and periphery of rats and thereby cause an elevation of the concentrations of anandamide (AEA), oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA). The compound was also efficacious in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model of neuropathic pain. The combination of good physical, ADME, and PD properties of JNJ-42165279 supported it entering the clinical portfolio.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Keith
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - William M. Jones
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark Tichenor
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark Seierstad
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James A. Palmer
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Webb
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark Karbarz
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brian P. Scott
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sandy
J. Wilson
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lin Luo
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michelle L. Wennerholm
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Leon Chang
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michele Rizzolio
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Raymond Rynberg
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sandra R. Chaplan
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - J. Guy Breitenbucher
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
of Johnson & Johnson, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Lodola A, Castelli R, Mor M, Rivara S. Fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors: a patent review (2009-2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:1247-66. [PMID: 26413912 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1067683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a key enzyme responsible for the degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide. FAAH inactivation is emerging as a strategy to treat several CNS and peripheral diseases, including inflammation and pain. The search for effective FAAH inhibitors has thus become a key focus in present drug discovery. AREAS COVERED Patents and patent applications published from 2009 to 2014 in which novel chemical classes are claimed to inhibit FAAH. EXPERT OPINION FAAH is a promising target for treating many disease conditions including pain, inflammation and mood disorders. In the last few years, remarkable efforts have been made to develop new FAAH inhibitors (either reversible and irreversible) characterized by excellent potency and selectivity, to complete the arsenal of tools for modulating FAAH activity. The failure of PF-04457845 in a Phase II study on osteoarthritis pain has not flattened the interest in FAAH inhibitors. New clinical trials on 'classical' FAAH inhibitors are now ongoing, and new strategies based on compounds with peculiar in vivo distribution (e.g., peripheral) or with multiple pharmacological activities (e.g., FAAH and COX) are under investigation and could boost the therapeutic potential of this class in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lodola
- a 1 Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Farmacia , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castelli
- b 2 Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Farmacia , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- c 3 Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Farmacia , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma, Italy +39 0521 905059 ; +39 0521 905006 ;
| | - Silvia Rivara
- a 1 Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Farmacia , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma, Italy
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Poli G, Giuntini N, Martinelli A, Tuccinardi T. Application of a FLAP-Consensus Docking Mixed Strategy for the Identification of New Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:667-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ci5006806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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11
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The Potential of Inhibitors of Endocannabinoid Metabolism for Drug Development: A Critical Review. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 231:95-128. [PMID: 26408159 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20825-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are metabolised by both hydrolytic enzymes (primarily fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL)) and oxygenating enzymes (e.g. cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2). In the present article, the in vivo data for compounds inhibiting endocannabinoid metabolism have been reviewed, focussing on inflammation and pain. Potential reasons for the failure of an FAAH inhibitor in a clinical trial in patients with osteoarthritic pain are discussed. It is concluded that there is a continued potential for compounds inhibiting endocannabinoid metabolism in terms of drug development, but that it is wise not to be unrealistic in terms of expectations of success.
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