1
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Davoodi Z, Shafiee F. Internalizing RGD, a great motif for targeted peptide and protein delivery: a review article. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2261-2274. [PMID: 35015253 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding that cancer is one of the most important health problems, especially in advanced societies, is not difficult. The term of targeted cancer therapy has also been well known as an ideal treatment strategy in the recent years. Peptides with ability to specifically recognize the cancer cells with suitable penetration properties have been used as the targeting motif in this regard. In the present review article, we focus on an individual RGD-derived peptide with ability to recognize the integrin receptor on the cancer cell surface like its ancestor with an additional outstanding feature to penetrate to extravascular space of tumor and ability to penetrate to cancer cells unlike the original peptide. This peptide which has been named "internalizing RGD" or "iRGD" has been the focus of researches as a new targeting motif since it was discovered. To date, many types of molecules have been associated with this peptide for their targeted delivery to cancer cells. In this review article, we have discussed a summary of penetration mechanisms of iRGD and all introduced peptides and proteins attached to this attractive cell-penetrating peptide and have expressed the results of the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinabosadat Davoodi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib Ave., Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shafiee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib Ave., Isfahan, Iran.
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2
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Zhou J, Li Y, Huang W, Shi W, Qian H. Source and exploration of the peptides used to construct peptide-drug conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113712. [PMID: 34303870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are a class of novel molecules widely designed and synthesized for delivering payload drugs. The peptide part plays a vital role in the whole molecule, because they determine the ability of the molecules to penetrate the membrane and target to the specific targets. Here, we introduce the source of different kinds of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and cell-targeting peptides (CTPs) that have been used or could be used in constructing PDCs as well as their latest application in delivering drugs. What's more, the approaches of developing CPPs and CTPs and the techniques to discover novel peptides are focused on and summarized in the review. This review aims to help relevant researchers fast understand the research status of peptides in PDCs and carry forward the process of novel peptides discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhou
- Centre of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Centre of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Centre of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- Centre of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Hai Qian
- Centre of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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3
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Dheer D, Nicolas J, Shankar R. Cathepsin-sensitive nanoscale drug delivery systems for cancer therapy and other diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:130-151. [PMID: 30690054 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins are an important category of enzymes that have attracted great attention for the delivery of drugs to improve the therapeutic outcome of a broad range of nanoscale drug delivery systems. These proteases can be utilized for instance through actuation of polymer-drug conjugates (e.g., triggering the drug release) to bypass limitations of many drug candidates. A substantial amount of work has been witnessed in the design and the evaluation of Cathepsin-sensitive drug delivery systems, especially based on the tetra-peptide sequence (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly, GFLG) which has been extensively used as a spacer that can be cleaved in the presence of Cathepsin B. This Review Article will give an in-depth overview of the design and the biological evaluation of Cathepsin-sensitive drug delivery systems and their application in different pathologies including cancer before discussing Cathepsin B-cleavable prodrugs under clinical trials.
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4
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Künnapuu K, Veiman K, Porosk L, Rammul E, Kiisholts K, Langel Ü, Kurrikoff K. Tumor gene therapy by systemic delivery of plasmid DNA with cell-penetrating peptides. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:105-114. [PMID: 32123824 PMCID: PMC6996304 DOI: 10.1096/fba.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a prospective strategy for treating cancer. However, finding efficient and tumor-specific gene delivery vectors remains an issue. Tumor responsive cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) PepFect144 (PF144) has previously been shown to deliver reporter gene encoding plasmid DNA specifically into tumors upon systemic administration, but its capability to reduce tumor growth has not yet been evaluated. Here, we study the potential of PF144-based anti-angiogenic gene delivery to inhibit tumor growth by silencing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in tumors. This approach led to the inhibition of tumor growth in both the HT1080 fibrosarcoma model and orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor model. We additionally saw that the addition of αvβ3 integrin targeting did not further improve the tumor sensitive CPPs. Our results suggest that activatable cell-penetrating peptide PF144 is a promising nonviral plasmid DNA delivery vector for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ly Porosk
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Evelin Rammul
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | | | - Ülo Langel
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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5
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Hu C, Ma N, Li F, Fang Y, Liu Y, Zhao L, Qiao S, Li X, Jiang X, Li T, Shen F, Huang Y, Luo Q, Liu J. Cucurbit[8]uril-Based Giant Supramolecular Vesicles: Highly Stable, Versatile Carriers for Photoresponsive and Targeted Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:4603-4613. [PMID: 29333854 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly stable giant supramolecular vesicles were constructed by hierarchical self-assembly of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])-based supra-amphiphiles for photoresponsive and targeted intracellular drug delivery. These smart vesicles can encapsulate the model drugs with high loading efficiencies and then release them by manipulating photoswitchable CB[8] heteroternary complexation to regulate the formation and dissociation of supra-amphiphiles that cause dramatic morphological changes of the assemblies to achieve remote optically controlled drug delivery. More importantly, the confocal microscopy analysis, cellular uptake experiment, and cell viability assay have shown that the giant vesicles are able to maintain the structural integrity and stability within actual cellular environments and exhibit obvious advantages for intracellular drug delivery such as low toxicity, easy surface modification for tumor-targeting selectivity, and rapid internalization into different human cancer cell lines. A synergistic mechanism that integrates multiple pathways including energy-dependent endocytosis, macropinocytosis, cholesterol-dependent endocytosis, and microtubule-related endocytosis was determined to facilitate the internalization process. Moreover, cytotoxicity experiments and flow cytometric analysis have demonstrated that the doxorubicin hydrochloride-loaded vesicles exhibited a significant therapeutic effect for tumor cells upon UV light irradiation, which makes the photoresponsive system more promising for potential applications in pharmaceutically relevant fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ningning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Linlu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shanpeng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiumei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaojia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tiezhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fangzhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yibing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Quan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Road, Changchun 130012, China
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6
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Yin H, Yang J, Zhang Q, Yang J, Wang H, Xu J, Zheng J. iRGD as a tumor‑penetrating peptide for cancer therapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2925-2930. [PMID: 28358432 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a tumor-targeting and ‑penetrating peptide, iRGD binds to αv integrins and neuropilin‑1 receptors, which are expressed at high levels on tumor cells and the surfaces of vasculature. Subsequently, iRGD penetrates deep into the tumor parenchyma with antitumor drugs, imaging agents, immune modulators and biological products. These substances are either chemically linked to the peptide or co‑injected with the peptide. The iRGD peptide can be readily synthesized, exhibits significantly improved penetration, compared with traditional peptides, and can effectively inhibit tumor metastasis. Therefore, the peptide is now used widely for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, whether the peptide is able to promote the entry of drugs into non‑targeted cells remains to be fully elucidated. In this review, an overview of iRGD is presented, focusing on its identification, mechanism of action and previous studies on its roles in various types of cancer. Studies in previous years have demonstrated the potential of the iRGD protein for tumors diagnosis and targeted treatment, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Xu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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7
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Graça I, Pereira-Silva E, Henrique R, Packham G, Crabb SJ, Jerónimo C. Epigenetic modulators as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:98. [PMID: 27651838 PMCID: PMC5025578 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common non-cutaneous malignancies among men worldwide. Epigenetic aberrations, including changes in DNA methylation patterns and/or histone modifications, are key drivers of prostate carcinogenesis. These epigenetic defects might be due to deregulated function and/or expression of the epigenetic machinery, affecting the expression of several important genes. Remarkably, epigenetic modifications are reversible and numerous compounds that target the epigenetic enzymes and regulatory proteins were reported to be effective in cancer growth control. In fact, some of these drugs are already being tested in clinical trials. This review discusses the most important epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer, highlighting the role of epigenetic modulating compounds in pre-clinical and clinical trials as potential therapeutic agents for prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Graça
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ; School of Allied Health Sciences (ESTSP), Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Pereira-Silva
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ; Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, The Somers Cancer Research Building, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, S016 6YD UK
| | - Simon J Crabb
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, The Somers Cancer Research Building, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, S016 6YD UK
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
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8
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Roche J, Bertrand P. Inside HDACs with more selective HDAC inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:451-483. [PMID: 27318122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are nowadays part of the therapeutic arsenal mainly against cancers, with four compounds approved by the Food and Drug Administration. During the last five years, several groups have made continuous efforts to improve this class of compounds, designing more selective compounds or compounds with multiple capacities. After a survey of the HDAC biology and structures, this review summarizes the results of the chemists working in this field, and highlights when possible the behavior of the molecules inside their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Roche
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe « SEVE Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement », Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 09, France; Réseau Epigénétique du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
| | - Philippe Bertrand
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, B28, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 09, France; Réseau Epigénétique du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France.
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9
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Wang J, Wen L, Wang Y, Chen F. Therapeutic Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Sodium Butyrate, on Allergic Rhinitis In Vivo. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:203-8. [PMID: 26859163 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-documented therapeutic effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) on various diseases, including arthritis and asthma, the therapeutic effect of HDACi on allergic rhinitis remains unmentioned in the literature. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of sodium butyrate (SoB), a form of HDACi, on mice with allergic rhinitis. The results showed that the expression levels of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were significantly upregulated in mice with allergic rhinitis, whereas H3 acetylation at lysine 9 (H3AcK9) was decreased. The intranasal application of SoB inhibited the expression levels of TSLP levels and upregulated the expression of H3AcK9 in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, SoB treatment significantly decreased the increased levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE and improved clinical symptoms and nasal mucosa epithelial morphology in the mouse model of allergic rhinitis. In addition, we further demonstrated that SoB treatment significantly increased the serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ and decreased the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10, correcting the Th1/Th2 imbalance in the mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Taken together, our study suggests that SoB has the potential to treat allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xi'an Children's Hospital , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Wen
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Wang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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10
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Zhang WQ, Yu KF, Zhong T, Luo LM, Du R, Ren W, Huang D, Song P, Li D, Zhao Y, Wang C, Zhang X. Does ligand-receptor mediated competitive effect or penetrating effect of iRGD peptide when co-administration with iRGD-modified SSL? J Drug Target 2015; 23:897-909. [PMID: 26087869 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1034279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-mediated targeting of anticancer therapeutic agents is a useful strategy for improving anti-tumor efficacy. It has been reported that co-administration of a tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD (CRGDK/RGPD/EC) enhances the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Here, we designed an experiment involving co-administration of iRGD-SSL-DOX with free iRGD to B16-F10 tumor bearing mice to examine the action of free iRGD. We also designed an experiment to investigate the location of iRGD-modified SSL when co-administered with free iRGD or free RGD to B16-F10 tumor bearing nude mice. Considering the sequence of iRGD, we selected the GPDC, RGD and CRGDK as targeting ligands to investigate the targeting effect of these peptides compared with iRGD on B16-F10 and MCF-7 cells, with or without enzymatic degradation. Finally, we selected free RGD, free CRGDK and free iRGD as ligand to investigate the inhibitory effect on RGD-, CRGDK- or iRGD-modified SSL on B16-F10 or MCF-7 cells. Our results indicated that iRGD targeting to tumor cells was ligand-receptor mediated involving RGD to αv-integrin receptor and CRGDK to NRP-1 receptor. Being competitive effect, the administration of free iRGD would not be able to further enhance the anti-tumor activity of iRGD-modified SSL. There is no need to co-administrate of free iRGD with the iRGD-modified nanoparticles for further therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Zhang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Ke-Fu Yu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Ting Zhong
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Li-Min Luo
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Ruo Du
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Ren
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Dan Huang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Ping Song
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Dan Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Yang Zhao
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Chao Wang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
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11
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Peng ZH, Kopeček J. Enhancing Accumulation and Penetration of HPMA Copolymer-Doxorubicin Conjugates in 2D and 3D Prostate Cancer Cells via iRGD Conjugation with an MMP-2 Cleavable Spacer. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6726-9. [PMID: 25963409 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the accumulation and penetration of nanomedicines in tumor tissue, we developed and evaluated the biological properties of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2)-responsive N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer drugs and tumor-penetrating peptide conjugates (P-DOX-PLGLAG-iRGD). Two different spacers were used in the design: a lysosomally (cathepsin B) cleavable tetrapeptide GFLG spacer conjugated doxorubicin (DOX) to HPMA copolymer, and an MMP-2-degradable linker (PLGLAG) connected tumor-homing and -penetrating cyclic peptide iRGD to HPMA copolymer. The accumulation of DOX in P-DOX-PLGLAG-iRGD-treated monolayer (2D) and multilayer (3D) DU-145 prostate cancer cells was higher than that of control groups (P-DOX and P-DOX + iRGD). The cell cycle arrest analysis and cytotoxicity data demonstrated that P-DOX-PLGLAG-iRGD produced a higher G2/M arrest and possessed stronger cytotoxicity against DU-145 cells than P-DOX + iRGD or P-DOX, which was consistent with the drug uptake results. Similarly, P-DOX-PLGLAG-iRGD demonstrated the highest penetration ability in 3D multicellular DU-145 tumor cell spheroids. The results indicate that covalent conjugation of iRGD via MMP-2-sensitive bonds enhances accumulation and penetration of nanomedicines into tumor cell monolayers and spheroids.
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12
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Peng ZH, Kopeček J. HPMA Copolymer CXCR4 Antagonist Conjugates Substantially Inhibited the Migration of Prostate Cancer Cells. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1240-1243. [PMID: 25621190 PMCID: PMC4299399 DOI: 10.1021/mz5006537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
(HPMA) copolymer–CXCR4
antagonist (BKT140) conjugate (P-BKT140) was developed and its biological
activities were tested. Both free BKT140 and monomer MA-GGPLGLAG-BKT140
(MA is methacryloyl) were prepared by solid phase synthesis. P-BKT140
was prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer
(RAFT) copolymerization of monomers HPMA and MA-GGPLGLAG-BKT140. The
in vitro results show that the free BKT140 and P-BKT140 have similar
cytotoxicity against human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells, indicating
that conjugation of BKT140 to HPMA did not significantly impact the
cytotoxicity of BKT140. Both BKT140 and P-BKT140 inhibited the CXCL12-induced
migration of PC-3 prostate cancer cells, but the P-BKT140 conjugate
possessed a substantially higher inhibition activity than free BKT140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hong Peng
- Departments of †Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD and ‡Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Departments of †Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD and ‡Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
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