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Nguyen NT, Dai VV, Mechler A, Hoa NT, Vo QV. Synthesis and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of 3-pyrroline-2-ones: experimental and theoretical insights. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24579-24588. [PMID: 36128396 PMCID: PMC9425838 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04640g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterocyclic γ-lactam ring 2-pyrrolidinone has four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. Among the group of derivatives of 2-pyrrolidinones, 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones, also known as 3-pyrroline-2-ones, play a significant structural role in a variety of bioactive natural compounds. In this study, three-component reactions were used to successfully synthesize six polysubstituted 3-hydroxy-3-pyrroline-2-one derivatives. The antioxidant activity of the compounds was tested by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, identifying 4-ethoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxy-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-pyrroline-2-one (4b) as the most promising radical scavenger. Quantum chemistry calculations of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the radical scavenging activity also suggest that 4b is an effective HO˙ radical scavenger, with koverall values of 2.05 × 109 and 1.54 × 1010 M−1 s−1 in pentyl ethanoate and water, respectively. On the other hand, 4b could not scavenge hydroperoxyl radicals in either media. The ability of 4b to scavenge hydroxyl radicals in polar and non-polar environments is comparable to that of conventional antioxidants such as melatonin, gallic acid, indole-3-carbinol, ramalin, or Trolox. Thus 4b may be classed as a promising HO˙ radical scavenger in the physiological environment. Derivatives of 3-hydroxy-3-pyrroline-2-one were effectively synthesized via multicomponent reactions and exhibited potential HO˙ radical scavenging activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tran Nguyen
- The University of Danang – University of Science and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Viet Dai
- The University of Danang – University of Science and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang – University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Quan V. Vo
- The University of Danang – University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
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2
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Khramtsova EE, Lystsova EA, Khokhlova EV, Dmitriev MV, Maslivets AN. Amination of 5-Spiro-Substituted 3-Hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2 H-pyrrol-2-ones. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237179. [PMID: 34885757 PMCID: PMC8658906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one motif is a valuable scaffold in drug discovery. The replacement of the 3-oxy fragment in 3-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones-based compounds with a 3-amino one (3-amino analogs of 3-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones, 3-amino-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones) can play a crucial role in their biological effect. Thus, approaches to 3-amino-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones are of significant interest. We developed an approach to 5-spiro-substituted 3-amino-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones that could not be obtained using previously reported approaches (reactions of 3-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones with amines). The developed approach is based on the thermal decomposition of 1,3-disubstituted urea derivatives of 5-spiro-substituted 3-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones, which were prepared via their reaction with carbodiimides.
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Espadinha M, Barcherini V, Gonçalves LM, Molins E, Antunes AMM, Santos MMM. Tryptophanol-Derived Oxazolopyrrolidone Lactams as Potential Anticancer Agents against Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030208. [PMID: 33801507 PMCID: PMC8001353 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in modern societies, so there is a high level of interest in discovering new drugs for this malignancy. Previously, we demonstrated the ability of tryptophanol-derived polycyclic compounds to activate the tumor suppressor protein p53, a relevant therapeutic target in cancer. In this work, we developed a novel series of enantiomerically pure tryptophanol-derived small molecules to target human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells. From an initial screening of fourteen compounds in AGS cell line, a hit compound was selected for optimization, leading to two derivatives selective for AGS gastric cells over other types of cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, A-549, DU-145, and MG-63). More importantly, the compounds were non-toxic in normal cells (HEK 293T). Additionally, we show that the growth inhibition of AGS cells induced by these compounds is mediated by apoptosis. Stability studies in human plasma and human liver microsomes indicate that the compounds are stable, and that the major metabolic transformations of these molecules are mono- and di-hydroxylation of the indole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Espadinha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.E.); (V.B.); (L.M.G.)
| | - Valentina Barcherini
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.E.); (V.B.); (L.M.G.)
| | - Lídia M. Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.E.); (V.B.); (L.M.G.)
| | - Elies Molins
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Alexandra M. M. Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, ULisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Maria M. M. Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.E.); (V.B.); (L.M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-21-794-6451
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4
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Patel KR, Patel HD. p53: An Attractive Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3706-3734. [PMID: 31223076 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190621094704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It initiates when cell cycle regulatory genes lose their function either by environmental and/or by internal factors. Tumor suppressor protein p53, known as "Guardian of genome", plays a central role in maintaining genomic stability of the cell. Mutation of TP53 is documented in more than 50% of human cancers, usually by overexpression of negative regulator protein MDM2. Hence, reactivation of p53 by blocking the protein-protein interaction between the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and the tumor suppressor protein p53 has become the most promising therapeutic strategy in oncology. Several classes of small molecules have been identified as potent, selective and efficient p53-MDM2 inhibitors. Herein, we review the druggability of p53-MDM2 inhibitors and their optimization approaches as well as clinical candidates categorized by scaffold type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa R Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitesh D Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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Small-molecule MDM2/X inhibitors and PROTAC degraders for cancer therapy: advances and perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1253-1278. [PMID: 32874827 PMCID: PMC7452049 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking the MDM2/X–P53 protein–protein interaction has been widely recognized as an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers. Numerous small-molecule MDM2 inhibitors have been reported since the release of the structure of the MDM2–P53 interaction in 1996, SAR405838, NVP-CGM097, MK-8242, RG7112, RG7388, DS-3032b, and AMG232 currently undergo clinical evaluation for cancer therapy. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of MDM2 inhibitors and proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders with a particular focus on how these inhibitors or degraders are identified from starting points, strategies employed, structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies, binding modes or co-crystal structures, biochemical data, mechanistic studies, and preclinical/clinical studies. Moreover, we briefly discuss the challenges of designing MDM2/X inhibitors for cancer therapy such as dual MDM2/X inhibition, acquired resistance and toxicity of P53 activation as well as future directions.
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel antitumor spirotetrahydrothiopyran–oxindole derivatives as potent p53-MDM2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5268-5277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chen R, Zhou J, Qin L, Chen Y, Huang Y, Liu H, Su Z. A Fusion Protein of the p53 Transaction Domain and the p53-Binding Domain of the Oncoprotein MdmX as an Efficient System for High-Throughput Screening of MdmX Inhibitors. Biochemistry 2017; 56:3273-3282. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Institute
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Industrial
Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Institute
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Industrial
Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Lingyun Qin
- Institute
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Industrial
Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Institute
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Industrial
Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Yongqi Huang
- Institute
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Industrial
Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Huili Liu
- National
Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics
and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Zhengding Su
- Institute
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Industrial
Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
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Lemos A, Leão M, Soares J, Palmeira A, Pinto M, Saraiva L, Sousa ME. Medicinal Chemistry Strategies to Disrupt the p53-MDM2/MDMX Interaction. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:789-844. [PMID: 27302609 DOI: 10.1002/med.21393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The growth inhibitory activity of p53 tumor suppressor is tightly regulated by interaction with two negative regulatory proteins, murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and X (MDMX), which are overexpressed in about half of all human tumors. The elucidation of crystallographic structures of MDM2/MDMX complexes with p53 has been pivotal for the identification of several classes of inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction. The present review provides in silico strategies and screening approaches used in drug discovery as well as an overview of the most relevant classes of small-molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction, their progress in pipeline, and highlights particularities of each class of inhibitors. Most of the progress made with high-throughput screening has led to the development of inhibitors belonging to the cis-imidazoline, piperidinone, and spiro-oxindole series. However, novel potent and selective classes of inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction with promising antitumor activity are emerging. Even with the discovery of the 3D structure of complex p53-MDMX, only two small molecules were reported as selective p53-MDMX antagonists, WK298 and SJ-172550. Dual inhibition of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction has shown to be an alternative approach since it results in full activation of the p53-dependent pathway. The knowledge of structural requirements crucial to the development of small-molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDMs interactions has enabled the identification of novel antitumor agents with improved in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho Lemos
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Leão
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua de Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua de Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Chemical Variations on the p53 Reactivation Theme. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9020025. [PMID: 27187415 PMCID: PMC4932543 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the tumor suppressor genes, p53 is one of the most studied. It is widely regarded as the "guardian of the genome", playing a major role in carcinogenesis. In fact, direct inactivation of the TP53 gene occurs in more than 50% of malignancies, and in tumors that retain wild-type p53 status, its function is usually inactivated by overexpression of negative regulators (e.g., MDM2 and MDMX). Hence, restoring p53 function in cancer cells represents a valuable anticancer approach. In this review, we will present an updated overview of the most relevant small molecules developed to restore p53 function in cancer cells through inhibition of the p53-MDMs interaction, or direct targeting of wild-type p53 or mutated p53. In addition, optimization approaches used for the development of small molecules that have entered clinical trials will be presented.
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Yu Z, Zhuang C, Wu Y, Guo Z, Li J, Dong G, Yao J, Sheng C, Miao Z, Zhang W. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfamide and triazole benzodiazepines as novel p53-MDM2 inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15741-53. [PMID: 25198897 PMCID: PMC4200789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of sulfamide and triazole benzodiazepines were obtained with the principle of bioisosterism. The p53-murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitory activity and in vitro antitumor activity were evaluated. Most of the novel benzodiazepines exhibited moderate protein binding inhibitory activity. Particularly, triazole benzodiazepines showed good inhibitory activity and antitumor potency. Compound 16 had promising antitumor activity against the U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cell line with an IC50 value of 4.17 μM, which was much better than that of nutlin-3. The molecular docking model also successfully predicted that this class of compounds mimicked the three critical residues of p53 binding to MDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yuelin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zizhao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianzhong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhenyuan Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
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