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Wang ZK, Hong XQ, Hu J, Xing YY, Chen WH. Synthesis and biological activity of squaramido-tethered bisbenzimidazoles as synthetic anion transporters. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3972-3980. [PMID: 35424339 PMCID: PMC8694315 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10189c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of squaramido-tethered bisbenzimidazoles were synthesized from the reaction of diethyl squarate with substituted 2-aminomethylbenzimidazoles. These conjugates exhibit moderate binding affinity toward chloride anions. They are able to facilitate the transmembrane transport of chloride anions most probably via an anion exchange process, and tend to be more active at acidic pH than at physiological pH. The viability of these conjugates toward four selected solid tumor cell lines was evaluated using an MTT assay and the results suggest that some of these conjugates exhibit moderate cytotoxicity probably in an apoptotic fashion. A series of squaramido-tethered bisbenzimidazoles were synthesized and found to exhibit moderate anion transport and cytotoxicity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Kun Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qiao Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xing
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
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3
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of aza-crown ether–squaramide conjugates as anion/cation symporters. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1091-1106. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Anion/cation symport across cellular membranes may lead to cell apoptosis and be developed as a strategy for new anticancer drug discovery. Methodology: Four aza-crown ether–squaramide conjugates were synthesized and characterized. Their anion recognition, anion/cation symport, cytotoxicity and probable mechanism of action were investigated in details. Conclusion: These conjugates are able to form ion-pairing complexes with chloride anions and facilitate the transmembrane transport of anions via an anion/cation symport process. They can disrupt the cellular homeostasis of chloride anions and sodium cations and induce the basification of acidic organelles in live cells. These conjugates exhibit moderate cytotoxicity toward the tested cancer cells and trigger cell apoptosis by mediating the influx of chloride anions and sodium cations into live cells.
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4
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Esteves CV, Costa J, Esteban-Gómez D, Lamosa P, Bernard H, Platas-Iglesias C, Tripier R, Delgado R. Phosphate and polyphosphate anion recognition by a dinuclear copper(ii) complex of an unsymmetrical squaramide. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:10104-10115. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01434a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
At pH = 7.4, ATP4− is selectively removed from water containing PhPO42−, Haep−, AMP2− and ADP3− by the studied squaramide-based dicopper(ii) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina V. Esteves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2780-157 Oeiras
- Portugal
| | - Judite Costa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15008 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Pedro Lamosa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2780-157 Oeiras
- Portugal
| | - Hélène Bernard
- Université de Brest
- UMR-CNRS 6521
- IBSAM
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques
- 29238 Brest Cedex 3
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15008 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Raphäel Tripier
- Université de Brest
- UMR-CNRS 6521
- IBSAM
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques
- 29238 Brest Cedex 3
| | - Rita Delgado
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2780-157 Oeiras
- Portugal
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5
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Ornelis V, Rajkovic A, Sas B, De Saeger S, Madder A. Development of a Synthetic Receptor for the Food Toxin Beauvericin: A Tale of Carbazole and Steroids. Org Lett 2018; 20:6368-6371. [PMID: 30336675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the first synthetic receptor showing high affinity for the toxic ionophoric cyclodepsipeptide beauvericin is described. Binding results in a pronounced increase in fluorescence intensity of the receptor, while this increase is not observed for a very similar ionophore such as valinomycin. Experiments that shed light on the nature of this selectivity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ornelis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Benedikt Sas
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Food2Know , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Department of Bioanalysis, Laboratory of Food Analysis , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 , Ghent , Belgium
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6
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Cai XJ, Li Z, Chen WH. Tripodal squaramide conjugates as highly effective transmembrane anion transporters. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1999-2002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Ximenis M, Bustelo E, Algarra AG, Vega M, Rotger C, Basallote MG, Costa A. Kinetic Analysis and Mechanism of the Hydrolytic Degradation of Squaramides and Squaramic Acids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2160-2170. [PMID: 28107005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolytic degradation of squaramides and squaramic acids, the product of partial hydrolysis of squaramides, has been evaluated by UV spectroscopy at 37 °C in the pH range 3-10. Under these conditions, the compounds are kinetically stable over long time periods (>100 days). At pH >10, the hydrolysis of the squaramate anions shows first-order dependence on both squaramate and OH-. At the same temperature and [OH-], the hydrolysis of squaramides usually displays biphasic spectral changes (A → B → C kinetic model) with formation of squaramates as detectable reaction intermediates. The measured rates for the first step (k1 ≈ 10-4 M-1 s-1) are 2-3 orders of magnitude faster than those for the second step (k2 ≈ 10-6 M-1 s-1). Experiments at different temperatures provide activation parameters with values of ΔH⧧ ≈ 9-18 kcal mol-1 and ΔS⧧ ≈ -5 to -30 cal K-1 mol-1. DFT calculations show that the mechanism for the alkaline hydrolysis of squaramic acids is quite similar to that of amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ximenis
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Emilio Bustelo
- Department of Materials Scientist, Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Cádiz , Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Andrés G Algarra
- Department of Materials Scientist, Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Cádiz , Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Manel Vega
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Carmen Rotger
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Manuel G Basallote
- Department of Materials Scientist, Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Cádiz , Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma 07122, Spain
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8
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Li Z, Chen Y, Yuan DQ, Chen WH. Synthesis of a dimeric 3α-hydroxy-7α,12α-diamino-5β-cholan-24-oate conjugate and its derivatives, and the effect of lipophilicity on their anion transport efficacy. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2831-2840. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00289k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A dimeric 3α-hydroxy-7α,12α-diamino-5β-cholan-24-oate conjugate and its derivatives were synthesized, and lipophilicity was found to significantly affect their anion transport efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - De-Qi Yuan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kobe Gakuin University
- Kobe 650-8586
- Japan
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
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9
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Peng CC, Zhang MJ, Sun XX, Cai XJ, Chen Y, Chen WH. Highly efficient anion transport mediated by 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene derivatives bearing electron-withdrawing substituents. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8232-6. [PMID: 27527581 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01461e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene exhibits potent anionophoric activity through a process of anion exchange with a minor level of proton/anion symport. Modification of 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene with strong electron-withdrawing substituents, such as trifluoromethyl and nitro groups, leads to up to 789-fold increase in the activity. The benzimidazolyl-NH fragments, the relative position and the number of the benzimidazolyl groups on the central phenyl scaffold play an essential role in the transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.
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10
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2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine as a potent transmembrane anion transporter. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2442-2445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Fernández-Moreira V, Alegre-Requena JV, Herrera RP, Marzo I, Gimeno MC. Synthesis of luminescent squaramide monoesters: cytotoxicity and cell imaging studies in HeLa cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24521d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent squaramide monoesters functionalised with fluorophore groups have been explored as cytotoxic and imaging agents. The biodistribution behaviour differs depending on the fluorescent moiety; lysosomal and nuclear localisation have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Juan V. Alegre-Requena
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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12
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Busschaert N, Caltagirone C, Van Rossom W, Gale PA. Applications of Supramolecular Anion Recognition. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8038-155. [PMID: 25996028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 858] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Wim Van Rossom
- †Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A Gale
- †Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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13
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Deng LQ, Li Z, Lu YM, Chen JX, Zhou CQ, Wang B, Chen WH. Synthesis and transmembrane anion/cation symport activity of a rigid bis(choloyl) conjugate functionalized with guanidino groups. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:745-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Li Z, Deng LQ, Chen JX, Zhou CQ, Chen WH. Does lipophilicity affect the effectiveness of a transmembrane anion transporter? Insight from squaramido-functionalized bis(choloyl) conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11761-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01920f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilicity was found to have little effect on the effectiveness of squaramido-functionalized bis(choloyl) conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Qun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xiang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Qiong Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
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15
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Lu YM, Deng LQ, Chen WH. Toward transmembrane anionophores based on rigid bis(choloyl) conjugates: reversal of the ion selectivity by appended polyamines. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07390h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bis(polyamine)-appending rigid linker-tethered bis(choloyl) conjugate was synthesized as a potent anionophore with high selectivity for iodide over the other monoanionic ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ming Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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16
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Busschaert N, Elmes RBP, Czech DD, Wu X, Kirby IL, Peck EM, Hendzel KD, Shaw SK, Chan B, Smith BD, Jolliffe KA, Gale PA. Thiosquaramides: pH switchable anion transporters. Chem Sci 2014; 5:3617-3626. [PMID: 26146535 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01629g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of anions across cellular membranes is an important biological function governed by specialised proteins. In recent years, many small molecules have emerged that mimick the anion transport behaviour of these proteins, but only a few of these synthetic molecules also display the gating/switching behaviour seen in biological systems. A small series of thiosquaramides was synthesised and their pH-dependent chloride binding and anion transport behaviour was investigated using 1H NMR titrations, single crystal X-ray diffraction and a variety of vesicle-based techniques. Spectrophotometric titrations and DFT calculations revealed that the thiosquaramides are significantly more acidic than their oxosquaramide analogues, with pKa values between 4.0 and 9.0. This led to the observation that at pH 7.2 the anion transport ability of the thiosquaramides is fully switched OFF due to deprotonation of the receptor, but is completely switched ON at lower pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert B P Elmes
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Dawid D Czech
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Xin Wu
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Evan M Peck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Kevin D Hendzel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Scott K Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Bun Chan
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Katrina A Jolliffe
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Philip A Gale
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK ; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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