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Nutt MJ, Stewart SG. Strengthening Molecular Glues: Design Strategies for Improving Thalidomide Analogs as Cereblon Effectors and Anticancer Agents. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104010. [PMID: 38704021 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In the two decades since a novel thalidomide analog was last approved, many promising drug candidates have emerged with remarkable potency as targeted protein degraders. Likewise, the advent of PROTACs for suppressing 'undruggable' protein targets reinforces the need for new analogs with improved cereblon affinity, target selectivity and drug-like properties. However, thalidomide and its approved derivatives remain plagued by several shortcomings, such as structural instability and poor solubility. Herein, we present a review of strategies for mitigating these shortcomings and highlight contemporary drug discovery approaches that have generated novel thalidomide analogs with enhanced efficacy as cereblon effectors and/or anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Nutt
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, Australia.
| | - Scott G Stewart
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, Australia.
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Bera S, Mondal D. Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2689-2717. [PMID: 31103404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Today, the emergence of the phenomenon of drug or multidrug-resistance for community-associated diseases represents a major concern in the world. In these contexts, the chronic infectious disease, leprosy, grounded by a slow-growing bacterium called Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis is a leadingcause of severe disfiguring skin sores and nerve damage in the arms, legs, and skin areas around the body. Even, over 200,000 new leprosy cases are being accounted every year along with the relapsed leprosy cases. Nonetheless, this has been considered a curable disease with a higher dose of multidrug therapy (MDT) for a long period of time. The prolonged action of a high dose of combination drugs administration may cause an adverse reaction that can significantly affect patient compliance, particularly the outbreak of multidrug-resistance in the infected person. To overcome these shortfalls or prevent the resistance-associated problems, researchers are diligently involved in the structural modifications of the clinically used anti-leprosy drugs or the allied compounds for the structure-antimycobacterial activity relationship study. This review article described the detailed synthesis and biological assays of different anti-leprosy compounds reported by several research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India.
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
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Machado S, Fernandes SR, Chaves LL, Lima SAC, Silva EMP, Barreiros L, Reis S, Segundo MA. Chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantification of dapsone and clofazimine in nanoformulations. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3382-3388. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandia Machado
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Sara R. Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Núcleo de Investigação e Intervenção em Farmácia (NIIF), Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde; Instituto Politécnico do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Luise L. Chaves
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Sofia A. C. Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Eduarda M. P. Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreiros
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Núcleo de Investigação e Intervenção em Farmácia (NIIF), Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde; Instituto Politécnico do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Marcela A. Segundo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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Vieira AC, Chaves LL, Pinheiro M, Ferreira D, Sarmento B, Reis S. Design and statistical modeling of mannose-decorated dapsone-containing nanoparticles as a strategy of targeting intestinal M-cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2601-17. [PMID: 27354792 PMCID: PMC4907709 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to develop and optimize surface-functionalized solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for improvement of the therapeutic index of dapsone (DAP), with the application of a design of experiments. The formulation was designed to target intestinal microfold (M-cells) as a strategy to increase internalization of the drug by the infected macrophages. DAP-loaded SLNs and mannosylated SLNs (M-SLNs) were successfully developed by hot ultrasonication method employing a three-level, three-factor Box–Behnken design, after the preformulation study was carried out with different lipids. All the formulations were systematically characterized regarding their diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency, and loading capacity. They were also subjected to morphological studies using transmission electron microscopy, in vitro release study, infrared analysis (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), calorimetry studies (differential scanning calorimetry), and stability studies. The diameter of SLNs, SLN-DAP, M-SLNs, and M-SLN-DAP was approximately 300 nm and the obtained PDI was <0.2, confirming uniform populations. Entrapment efficiency and loading capacity were approximately 50% and 12%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed spherical shape and nonaggregated nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the success of mannose coating process though Schiff’s base formation. The variation of the ZP between uncoated (approximately −30 mV) and mannosylated formulations (approximately +60 mV) also confirmed the successful coating process. A decrease in the enthalpy and broadening of the lipid melting peaks of the differential scanning calorimetry thermograms are consistent with the nanostructure of the SLNs. Moreover, the drug release was pH-sensitive, with a faster drug release at acidic pH than at neutral pH. Storage stability for the formulations for at least 8 weeks is expected, since they maintain the original characteristics of diameter, PDI, and ZP. These results pose a strong argument that the developed formulations can be explored as a promising carrier for treating leprosy with an innovative approach to target DAP directly to M-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Cc Vieira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luíse L Chaves
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Pinheiro
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Domingos Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- I3S, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Formation in Health Sciences and Technology, University Institute of Health Sciences, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Gaytán-Barrientos NS, Morales-Morales D, Herrera-Ruiz D, Reyes-Martínez R, Rivera-Islas J. Sulfonate salts of the therapeutic agent dapsone: 4-[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]anilinium benzenesulfonate monohydrate and 4-[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]anilinium methanesulfonate monohydrate. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 72:280-4. [PMID: 27045177 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616003284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dapsone, formerly used to treat leprosy, now has wider therapeutic applications. As is the case for many therapeutic agents, low aqueous solubility and high toxicity are the main problems associated with its use. Derivatization of its amino groups has been widely explored but shows no significant therapeutic improvements. Cocrystals have been prepared to understand not only its structural properties, but also its solubility and dissolution rate. Few salts of dapsone have been described. The title salts, C12H13N2O2S(+)·C6H5O3S(-)·H2O and C12H13N2O2S(+)·CH3SO3(-)·H2O, crystallize as hydrates and both compounds exhibit the same space group (monoclinic, P21/n). The asymmetric unit of each salt consists of a 4-[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]anilinium monocation, the corresponding sulfonate anion and a water molecule. The cation, anion and water molecule form hydrogen-bonded networks through N-H...O=S, N-H...Owater and Owater-H...O=S hydrogen bonds. For both salts, the water molecules interact with one sulfonate anion and two anilinium cations. The benzenesulfonate salt forms a two-dimensional network, while the hydrogen bonding within the methanesulfonate salt results in a three-dimensional network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Dea Herrera-Ruiz
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, C.P. 62209, Mexico
| | - Reyna Reyes-Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, C.P. 62209, Mexico
| | - Jesús Rivera-Islas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, C.P. 62209, Mexico
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Chaves LL, Vieira AC, Ferreira D, Sarmento B, Reis S. Rational and precise development of amorphous polymeric systems with dapsone by response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:662-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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