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Fukumura T, Mori W, Ogawa M, Fujinaga M, Zhang MR. [ 11C]phosgene: Synthesis and application for development of PET radiotracers. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:138-148. [PMID: 32546396 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-11-labeled phosgene ([11C]phosgene, [11C]COCl2) is a useful labeling agent that connects two heteroatoms by inserting [11C]carbonyl (11C=O) function in carbamates, ureas, and carbonates, which are components of biologically important heterocyclic compounds and functional groups in drugs as a linker of fragments with in vivo stability. Development of 11C-labeled PET tracers has been performed using [11C]phosgene as a labeling agent. However, [11C]phosgene has not been frequently used for 11C-labeling because preparation of [11C]phosgene required dedicated synthesis apparatus (not commercially available) and had problems in reproducibility and reliability. In our laboratory, an improved method for synthesizing [11C]phosgene using a carbon tetrachloride detection tube kit in environmental air analysis and the automated synthesis system for preparing [11C]phosgene have been developed in 2009. This apparatus has been used for routine synthesis of 11C-labeled tracers 1-4 times/week. Using [11C]phosgene we have developed and produced many PET radiotracers containing [11C]urea and [11C]carbamate moieties. In this review, we report the performance of our method for preparing [11C]phosgene, including automated synthesis apparatus developed in house, and the application of [11C]phosgene for development and production of 11C-labeled PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Fukumura
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., Tokyo 141-8686, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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2
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Dornan MH, Petrenyov D, Simard JM, Boudjemeline M, Mititelu R, DaSilva JN, Belanger AP. Synthesis of a 11C-Isotopologue of the B-Raf-Selective Inhibitor Encorafenib Using In-Loop [ 11C]CO 2 Fixation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20960-20966. [PMID: 32875231 PMCID: PMC7450646 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase B-Raf is an essential regulator of cellular growth, differentiation, and survival. B-Raf protein expression is elevated throughout melanoma progression, making it an attractive target for noninvasive imaging using positron-emission tomography. Encorafenib is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of B-Raf used in the clinical management of melanoma. In this study, the radiosynthesis of a 11C-isotopologue of encorafenib was developed using an in-loop [11C]CO2 fixation reaction. Optimization of reaction conditions reduced the formation of a radiolabeled side product and improved the isolated yields of [11C]encorafenib (14.5 ± 2.4% radiochemical yield). The process was fully automated using a commercial radiosynthesizer for the production of 6845 ± 888 MBq of [11C]encorafenib in high molar activity (177 ± 5 GBq μmol-1), in high radiochemical purity (99%), and in a formulation suitable for animal injection. An in vitro cellular binding experiment demonstrated saturable binding of the radiotracer to A375 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H. Dornan
- Department
of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Laboratoire
de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier
de l’Université de Montréal & Département
de Radiologie, radiooncologie et médecine nucléaire,
Faculté de médecine, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Daniil Petrenyov
- Laboratoire
de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier
de l’Université de Montréal & Département
de Radiologie, radiooncologie et médecine nucléaire,
Faculté de médecine, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - José-Mathieu Simard
- Laboratoire
de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier
de l’Université de Montréal & Département
de Radiologie, radiooncologie et médecine nucléaire,
Faculté de médecine, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Boudjemeline
- Laboratoire
de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier
de l’Université de Montréal & Département
de Radiologie, radiooncologie et médecine nucléaire,
Faculté de médecine, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Roxana Mititelu
- Division
of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean N. DaSilva
- Laboratoire
de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier
de l’Université de Montréal & Département
de Radiologie, radiooncologie et médecine nucléaire,
Faculté de médecine, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Anthony P. Belanger
- Department
of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Jiang C, Xie L, Zhang Y, Fujinaga M, Mori W, Kurihara Y, Yamasaki T, Wang F, Zhang MR. Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of [ 11C]CEP-32496 in Nude Mice Bearing BRAF V600E Mutation-Induced Melanomas. Mol Imaging 2019; 17:1536012118795952. [PMID: 30251592 PMCID: PMC6156206 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118795952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CEP-32496, also known as RXDX-105 or Agerafenib, is a new orally active inhibitor for the mutated v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAFV600E), which has attracted considerable attention in clinical trials for the treatment of human cancers. Here, we used carbon-11-labeled CEP-32496 ([11C]CEP-32496) as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer to evaluate its pharmacokinetic properties and explore its potential for in vivo imaging. Following radiotracer synthesis, we performed in vitro binding assays and autoradiography of [11C]CEP-32496 in the A375 melanoma cell line and on tumor tissue sections from mice harboring the BRAFV600E mutation. These were followed by PET scans and biodistribution studies on nude mice bearing subcutaneous A375 cell-induced melanoma. [11C]CEP-32496 showed high binding affinity for BRAFV600E-positive A375 melanoma cells and densely accumulated in the respective tissue sections; this could be blocked by the BRAFV600E selective antagonist sorafenib and by unlabeled CEP-32496. The PET and biodistribution results revealed that [11C]CEP-32496 accumulated continuously but slowly into the tumor within a period of 0 to 60 minutes postinjection in A375-melanoma-bearing nude mice. Metabolite analysis showed high in vivo stability of [11C]CEP-32496 in plasma. Our results indicate that [11C]CEP-32496 has excellent specificity and affinity for the BRAFV600E mutation in vitro, while its noninvasive personalized diagnostic role needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Jiang
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xie
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wakana Mori
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Feng Wang
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Shi WQ, Liu S, Wang CZ, Huang Y, Qing FL, Xu XH. Synthesis of CMe2CF3-Containing Heteroarenes via Tandem 1,1-Dimethyltrifluoroethylation and Cyclization of Isonitriles. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15236-15244. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chen-Ze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yangen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Liu S, Huang Y, Qing FL, Xu XH. Transition-Metal-Free Decarboxylation of 3,3,3-Trifluoro-2,2-dimethylpropanoic Acid for the Preparation of C(CF3)Me2-Containing Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:5497-5501. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yangen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Kumata K, Yui J, Zhang Y, Kurihara Y, Ogawa M, Mori W, Fujinaga M, Zhang MR. [ 11 C]BCTC: Radiosynthesis and in vivo binding to transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) receptor in the mouse trigeminal nerve. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4521-4524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Recent Advances in the Development and Application of Radiolabeled Kinase Inhibitors for PET Imaging. Molecules 2015; 20:22000-27. [PMID: 26690113 PMCID: PMC6332294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, intensive investigation and multiple clinical successes targeting protein kinases, mostly for cancer treatment, have identified small molecule kinase inhibitors as a prominent therapeutic class. In the course of those investigations, radiolabeled kinase inhibitors for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging have been synthesized and evaluated as diagnostic imaging probes for cancer characterization. Given that inhibitor coverage of the kinome is continuously expanding, in vivo PET imaging will likely find increasing applications for therapy monitoring and receptor density studies both in- and outside of oncological conditions. Early investigated radiolabeled inhibitors, which are mostly based on clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) isotopologues, have now entered clinical trials. Novel radioligands for cancer and PET neuroimaging originating from novel but relevant target kinases are currently being explored in preclinical studies. This article reviews the literature involving radiotracer design, radiochemistry approaches, biological tracer evaluation and nuclear imaging results of radiolabeled kinase inhibitors for PET reported between 2010 and mid-2015. Aspects regarding the usefulness of pursuing selective vs. promiscuous inhibitor scaffolds and the inherent challenges associated with intracellular enzyme imaging will be discussed.
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