1
|
Polańska O, Szulc N, Stottko R, Olek M, Nadwodna J, Gąsior-Głogowska M, Szefczyk M. Challenges in Peptide Solubilization - Amyloids Case Study. CHEM REC 2024:e202400053. [PMID: 39023378 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Peptide science has been a rapidly growing research field because of the enormous potential application of these biocompatible and bioactive molecules. However, many factors limit the widespread use of peptides in medicine, and low solubility is among the most common problems that hamper drug development in the early stages of research. Solubility is a crucial, albeit poorly understood, feature that determines peptide behavior. Several different solubility predictors have been proposed, and many strategies and protocols have been reported to dissolve peptides, but none of them is a one-size-fits-all method for solubilization of even the same peptide. In this review, we look for the reasons behind the difficulties in dissolving peptides, analyze the factors influencing peptide aggregation, conduct a critical analysis of solubilization strategies and protocols available in the literature, and give some tips on how to deal with the so-called difficult sequences. We focus on amyloids, which are particularly difficult to dissolve and handle such as amyloid beta (Aβ), insulin, and phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Polańska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Szulc
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Stottko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Gdanska 7/9, 50-344, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olek
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Julita Nadwodna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Gąsior-Głogowska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Szefczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoshiya T. Synthesis of O-Acyl Isopeptides: Stepwise and Convergent Solid-Phase Synthesis. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2103:129-138. [PMID: 31879922 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0227-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The O-acyl isopeptide method was developed for the preparation of difficult sequence-containing peptides, whose hydrophobic nature hampers both peptide chain construction on resin and purification with HPLC after deprotection. In the O-acyl isopeptide method, the target peptide is synthesized in an O-acyl isopeptide form, which contains an O-acyl isopeptide bond instead of the native N-acyl peptide bond at a hydroxy group-containing amino acid residue, such as Ser or Thr. The hydrophilic O-acyl isopeptide can be isolated, e.g., as a lyophilized TFA salt. The target peptide can be quantitatively obtained by a final O-to-N intramolecular acyl migration reaction with exposure to neutral conditions. Additionally, the O-acyl isopeptide is important as a hydrophilic precursor peptide for biological peptide assays that are difficult to handle. This chapter describes the synthesis of such O-acyl isopeptides by stepwise and convergent Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Yoshiya
- Peptide Institute, Inc., Ibaraki-Shi, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mailig M, Liu F. The Application of Isoacyl Structural Motifs in Prodrug Design and Peptide Chemistry. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2017-2031. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melrose Mailig
- Discovery ChemistryNovo Nordisk Research Center Seattle 530 Fairview Ave N Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Fa Liu
- Discovery ChemistryNovo Nordisk Research Center Seattle 530 Fairview Ave N Seattle WA 98109 USA
| |
Collapse
|