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Fotopoulos I, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Approaches for the discovery of cinnamic acid derivatives with anticancer potential. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39105559 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2387122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cinnamic acid is a privileged scaffold for the design of biologically active compounds with putative anticancer potential, following different synthetic methodologies and procedures. Since there is a need for the production of potent anticancer, cinnamate moiety can significantly contribute in the design of new and more active anticancer agents. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors provide a review on the synthetic approaches for the discovery of cinnamic acid derivatives with anticancer potential. Results from molecular simulations, hybridization, and chemical derivatization along with biological experiments in vitro and structural activity relationships are given, described, and discussed by the authors. Information for the mechanism of action is taken from original literature sources. EXPERT OPINION The authors suggest that (i) numerous areas of biology-pharmacology need to be considered: selectivity, in vivo studies, toxicity and drug-likeness, the mechanism of action in animals and humans, development of more efficient assays for various cancer types; (ii) hybridization techniques outbalance in the discovery and production of compounds with higher activity and greater selectivity; (iii) repositioning offers new anticancer cinnamic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Fotopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Janowska S, Holota S, Lesyk R, Wujec M. Aromatase Inhibitors as a Promising Direction for the Search for New Anticancer Drugs. Molecules 2024; 29:346. [PMID: 38257259 PMCID: PMC10819800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aromatase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of estrogens, which are hormones that contribute to the growth of certain types of breast cancer. In particular, aromatase catalyzes the conversion of androgens (male hormones) into estrogens (female hormones) in various tissues, including the adrenal glands, ovaries, and adipose tissue. Given the role of estrogen in promoting the growth of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancers, aromatase has become an important molecular target for the development of anticancer agents. Aromatase inhibitors can be classified into two main groups based on their chemical structure: steroidal and non-steroidal inhibitors. This work presents a review of the literature from the last ten years regarding the search for new aromatase inhibitors. We present the directions of search, taking into account the impact of structure modifications on anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Janowska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (S.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (S.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Monika Wujec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Triazoles Synthesis & Applications as Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitors for Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancer Treatment. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5349279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been emerged as promising agents for treating hormone-dependent breast cancer in postmenopausal women because of their inhibitory effect on estrogen synthesis. Indeed, these compounds can block the activity of aromatase, the enzyme that intervenes in the last steps of estrogen production pathway. Triazoles are the core structures of nonsteroidal AIs. The nitrogen atom of the triazole moiety plays a fundamental role in the aromatase functionality by interacting with the iron ions of the heme group. In general, AIs possess numerous advantages as they quench the last step of estrogen synthesis without any inhibitory effects on the production of other steroids produced via the same pathway. Some AIs as anastrozole, letrozole, and vorozole have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the treatment of breast cancer. The previously mentioned compounds present severe and adverse effects as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), resistance onset on long-term treatments, and a higher risk of bone fractures. This review focuses intensively on the role of AIs in the treatment of hormone-sensitive types of cancers, especially the role of triazoles as nonsteroidal AIs. Also, the review provides an overview about the chemistry of triazoles along with the different methods by which the
-triazoles and s-triazoles are synthesized.
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Aromatase inhibitors: Role in postmenopausal breast cancer. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000081. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Nielsen AJ, Raez-Villanueva S, Crankshaw DJ, Holloway AC, McNulty J. Synthesis of α-methylstilbenes using an aqueous Wittig methodology and application toward the development of potent human aromatase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1395-1398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rendic SP, Peter Guengerich F. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes 5-51 as targets of drugs and natural and environmental compounds: mechanisms, induction, and inhibition - toxic effects and benefits. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 50:256-342. [PMID: 30717606 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1483401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes have long been of interest due to their roles in the metabolism of drugs, pesticides, pro-carcinogens, and other xenobiotic chemicals. They have also been of interest due to their very critical roles in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids, vitamins, and certain eicosanoids. This review covers the 22 (of the total of 57) human P450s in Families 5-51 and their substrate selectivity. Furthermore, included is information and references regarding inducibility, inhibition, and (in some cases) stimulation by chemicals. We update and discuss important aspects of each of these 22 P450s and questions that remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- b Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
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Li J, Qian B, Huang H. Silver-Catalyzed Olefination of Acetals and Ketals with Diazoesters to β-Alkoxyacrylates. Org Lett 2018; 20:7090-7094. [PMID: 30362774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first silver-catalyzed reaction of acetals or ketals with diazoesters leading to trisubstituted or tetrasubstituted β-alkoxyacrylates is now reported. A broad range of acetals and ketals bearing different substituents is compatible with this protocol and thus provides an attractive approach for the synthesis of complex β-alkoxyacrylates. The power of this method was further demonstrated by the successful synthesis of picoxystrobin, which is one of the most popular agricultural fungicides commercialized by Dupont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
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Nielsen AJ, McNulty J. Polyphenolic natural products and natural product–inspired steroidal mimics as aromatase inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1274-1293. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyMcMaster UniversityHamilton Ontario Canada
| | - James McNulty
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyMcMaster UniversityHamilton Ontario Canada
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Yamada M, Takahashi T, Hasegawa M, Matsumura M, Ono K, Fujimoto R, Kitamura Y, Murata Y, Kakusawa N, Tanaka M, Obata T, Fujiwara Y, Yasuike S. Synthesis, antitumor activity, and cytotoxicity of 4-substituted 1-benzyl-5-diphenylstibano-1H-1,2,3-triazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:152-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Antimony–lithium exchange reaction: Synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles by triazolyllithium with electrophiles. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Di Matteo M, Ammazzalorso A, Andreoli F, Caffa I, De Filippis B, Fantacuzzi M, Giampietro L, Maccallini C, Nencioni A, Parenti MD, Soncini D, Del Rio A, Amoroso R. Synthesis and biological characterization of 3-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)piperidine sulfonamides as aromatase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3192-3194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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QSAR study of diarylalkylimidazole and diarylalkyltriazole aromatase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Huang W, Rong HY, Xu J. Cyclic α-Alkoxyphosphonium Salts from (2-(Diphenylphosphino)phenyl)methanol and Aldehydes and Their Application in Synthesis of Vinyl Ethers and Ketones via Wittig Olefination. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6628-38. [PMID: 26067375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic α-alkoxyphosphonium salts have been synthesized from (2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)methanol and aldehydes in 36-89% yields. These phosphonium salts are bench-stable solids and undergo Wittig olefination with aldehydes under basic conditions (K2CO3 or t-BuOK) to form benzylic vinyl ethers, which are readily hydrolyzed to 1,2-disubstituted ethanones under acidic conditions. The formation mechanism of these phosphonium salts via hemiacetal is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Rong
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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