1
|
Nagargoje AA, Deshmukh TR, Shaikh MH, Khedkar VM, Shingate BB. Anticancer perspectives of monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin: A decade (2014-2024) review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400197. [PMID: 38895952 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin (MACs) represent structurally modified versions of curcumin. The existing literature indicates that MACs exhibit enhanced anticancer properties compared with curcumin. Numerous research articles in recent years have emphasized the significance of MACs as effective anticancer agents. This review focuses on the latest advances in the anticancer potential of MACs, from 2014 to 2024, including discussions on their mechanism of action, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and in silico molecular docking studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amol A Nagargoje
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad), Maharashtra, India
- Department of Chemistry, Khopoli Municipal Council College, Khopoli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tejshri R Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad), Maharashtra, India
| | - Mubarak H Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad), Maharashtra, India
- Department of Chemistry, Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bapurao B Shingate
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad), Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Borkar MR, Martis EAF, Nandan S, Patil RH, Shelar A, Iyer KR, Raikuvar K, Desle D, Coutinho EC. Identification of potential antileishmanial 1,3-disubstituted-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-ones, in vitro metabolic stability, cytotoxicity and molecular modeling studies. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109758. [PMID: 34826397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 1,3-disubstituted-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives against Leishmania donovani. Amongst the compound library synthesized, molecules 3d, 3f, 3h, 3i, 3l, and 3m demonstrated substantial dose-dependent killing of the promastigotes. Their IC50 values range from 55.0 to 77.0 μg/ml, with 3m (IC50 55.75 μg/ml) being equipotent with amphotericin B (IC50 50.0 μg/ml, used as standard). The most active compound 3m, is metabolically stable in rat liver microsomes. Furthermore, the molecules are highly specific against leishmania as shown by their weak antibacterial and antifungal activity. In vitro cytotoxicity studies show the compounds lack any cytotoxicity. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies show plausibility of binding to Leishmania donovani topoisomerase 1 (LdTop1). Structure activity relationships reveal bulky substitutions on the pyridone nitrogen are well-tolerated, and such compounds have better binding affinity. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds confer some rigidity to the molecules, rendering a degree of planarity akin to topotecan. Taken together, we emphasis the merits of molecules possessing the 1,3-disubstituted-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one skeleton as potential antileishmanial agents warranting further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maheshkumar R Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Sunder Nagar, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India.
| | - Elvis A F Martis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Sunder Nagar, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Santosh Nandan
- Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd., 222, The Summit Business Bay, Andheri (E), Mumbai, 400 093, India
| | - Rajendra H Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Amruta Shelar
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 4110 007, India
| | - Krishna R Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Sunder Nagar, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Kavita Raikuvar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Sunder Nagar, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Deepali Desle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Sunder Nagar, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Evans C Coutinho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Sunder Nagar, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Blanco Z, Mijares MR, Ramírez H, Fernandez-Moreira E, Oviedo HJ, Rodríguez NM, Charris JE. In vitro evaluation and in vivo efficacy of nitroimidazole-sulfanyl ethyl derivatives against Leishmania (V.) braziliensis and Leishmania (L.) mexicana. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3307-3317. [PMID: 34370070 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize several small molecules of the type 5-nitroimidazole-sulfanyl and evaluate biological properties against the main Leishmania species that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in Venezuela. Final compounds 4-7 were generated through simple nucleophilic substitution of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole 3 with 2-mercaptoethanol, 1-methyl-2-mercaptoethanol, and 2-thyolacetic acid derivative. Compound 8 was synthesized via a coupling reaction between 7 and (S)-Methyl 2-amino-4-methylpentanoate hydrochloride. The inhibitory concentrations of (3, 4, 7, 8) against Leishmania (L.) mexicana and (V.) braziliensis in promastigotes and experimentally infected macrophages were determined by in vitro activity assays. Compounds 7 and 8 shown high activity against both species of Leishmania and were selected for the in vivo evaluation. Animals were infected with promastigotes of the two species and divided into four groups of ten (10) animals and a control group. Intralesional injection way was used for the treatment. The parasitological diagnostic after treatment was obtained by PCR using species specific oligonucleotides. The two Leishmania species were susceptible to compounds 7 and 8 in vivo assays. The results indicated that both compounds reduce significantly (96%) the size of the lesion and cure 63% of the mice infected with L (L) mexicana or L (V) braziliensis as was determined by PCR. The results are indicating that both compounds may represent an alternative treatment for these two Leishmania species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuleima Blanco
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas, 47206, Venezuela
| | - Michael R Mijares
- Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas, 47206, Venezuela
| | - Hegira Ramírez
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas, 47206, Venezuela.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Henry J Oviedo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 1010-A, 4043, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Noris M Rodríguez
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 1010-A, 4043, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jaime E Charris
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas, 47206, Venezuela.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Subhedar DD, Shaikh MH, Nagargoje AA, Akolkar SV, Bhansali SG, Sarkar D, Shingate BB. Amide-Linked Monocarbonyl Curcumin Analogues: Efficient Synthesis, Antitubercular Activity and Molecular Docking Study. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1852288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mubarak H. Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
- Department of Chemistry, Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Ahmednagar, India
| | - Amol A. Nagargoje
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
- Department of Chemistry, Khopoli Municipal Council College, Khopoli, India
| | - Satish V. Akolkar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Sujit G. Bhansali
- Combichem Bioresource Centre, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Combichem Bioresource Centre, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Bapurao B. Shingate
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Propargylated monocarbonyl curcumin analogues: synthesis, bioevaluation and molecular docking study. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Rodríguez M, Gutiérrez J, Domínguez J, Peixoto PA, Fernández A, Rodríguez N, Deffieux D, Rojas L, Quideau S, Pouységu L, Charris J. Synthesis and leishmanicidal evaluation of sulfanyl‐ and sulfonyl‐tethered functionalized benzoate derivatives featuring a nitroimidazole moiety. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000002. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de FarmaciaUniv. Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| | - Joyce Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de FarmaciaUniv. Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| | - José Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de FarmaciaUniv. Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| | | | - Alexis Fernández
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Facultad de MedicinaUniv. Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| | - Noris Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Facultad de MedicinaUniv. Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| | | | - Luis Rojas
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Farmacia y BioanálisisUniv. de Los Andes Mérida Venezuela
| | | | | | - Jaime Charris
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de FarmaciaUniv. Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nagargoje AA, Akolkar SV, Siddiqui MM, Subhedar DD, Sangshetti JN, Khedkar VM, Shingate BB. Quinoline Based Monocarbonyl Curcumin Analogs as Potential Antifungal and Antioxidant Agents: Synthesis, Bioevaluation and Molecular Docking Study. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900624. [PMID: 31863703 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In search for new fungicidal and free radical scavenging agents, we synthesized a focused library of 2-chloroquinoline based monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin (MACs). The synthesized MACs were evaluated for in vitro antifungal and antioxidant activity. The antifungal activity was evaluated against five different fungal strains such as Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Cryptococcus neoformans, respectively. Most of the synthesized MACs displayed promising antifungal activity compared to the standard drug Miconazole. Furthermore, molecular docking study on a crucial fungal enzyme sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) could provide insight into the plausible mechanism of antifungal activity. MACs were also screened for in vitro radical scavenging activity using butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as a standard. Almost all MACs exhibited better antioxidant activity compared to BHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amol A Nagargoje
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431004, India.,Department of Chemistry, Khopoli Municipal Council College, Khopoli, Raigad, 410203, India
| | - Satish V Akolkar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431004, India
| | - Madiha M Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431004, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar D Subhedar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431004, India
| | - Jaiprakash N Sangshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Aurangabad, 431001, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Mumbai-Agra National Highway, Dhule, 424001, India
| | - Bapurao B Shingate
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431004, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee SM, Kim MS, Hayat F, Shin D. Recent Advances in the Discovery of Novel Antiprotozoal Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:E3886. [PMID: 31661934 PMCID: PMC6864685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases have serious health, social, and economic impacts, especially in the tropical regions of the world. Diseases caused by protozoan parasites are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity, affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. Globally, the burden of protozoan diseases is increasing and is been exacerbated because of a lack of effective medication due to the drug resistance and toxicity of current antiprotozoal agents. These limitations have prompted many researchers to search for new drugs against protozoan parasites. In this review, we have compiled the latest information (2012-2017) on the structures and pharmacological activities of newly developed organic compounds against five major protozoan diseases, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, trichomoniasis, and trypanosomiasis, with the aim of showing recent advances in the discovery of new antiprotozoal drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdelgawad N, Ismail MF, Hekal MH, Marzouk MI. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Some Novel Heterocycles Bearing Pyrazole Moiety as Potential Anticancer Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Abdelgawad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F. Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Hekal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Magda I. Marzouk
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nagargoje AA, Akolkar SV, Siddiqui MM, Bagade AV, Kodam KM, Sangshetti JN, Damale MG, Shingate BB. Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazole‐incorporated monocarbonyl curcumin analogues as antiproliferative and antioxidant agents. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amol A. Nagargoje
- Department of ChemistryDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Satish V. Akolkar
- Department of ChemistryDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Madiha M. Siddiqui
- Department of ChemistryDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Aditi V. Bagade
- Department of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University Pune India
| | - Kisan M. Kodam
- Department of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University Pune India
| | | | - Manoj G. Damale
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySrinath College of Pharnacy Aurangabad India
| | - Bapurao B. Shingate
- Department of ChemistryDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Herrera Acevedo C, Scotti L, Alves MF, de F.F.M. Diniz M, Tullius Scotti M. Hybrid Compounds in the Search for Alternative Chemotherapeutic Agents against Neglected Tropical Diseases. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666180402123057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than a billion people worldwide, mainly
populations living in poverty conditions. More than 56% of annual NTD deaths are caused by
Leishmaniasis, Sleeping sickness, and Chagas disease. For these three diseases, many problems have
been observed with the chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used, these being mainly resistance, high
toxicity, and low efficacy. In the search for alternative treatments, hybridization is an interesting approach,
which generates new molecules by merging two pharmacophores and then looking for improvements
in biological activity or reduced compound toxicity. Here, we review various studies that
present such hybrid molecules with promising in vitro and in vivo activities against Leishmania and
Trypanosoma parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chonny Herrera Acevedo
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Mateus F. Alves
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Margareth de F.F.M. Diniz
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kapil S, Singh PK, Silakari O. An update on small molecule strategies targeting leishmaniasis. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:339-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
13
|
Subhedar DD, Shaikh MH, Nawale L, Sarkar D, Khedkar VM, Shingate BB. Quinolidene based monocarbonyl curcumin analogues as promising antimycobacterial agents: Synthesis and molecular docking study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:922-928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
14
|
Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity, HuTopoIIα inhibitory activity and molecular docking studies of pyrazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2016; 69:77-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hybridization of biologically active molecules is a powerful tool for drug discovery used to target a variety of diseases. It offers the prospect of better drugs for the treatment of a number of illnesses including cancer, malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS. Hybrid drugs can provide combination therapies in a single multi-functional agent and, by doing so, be more specific and powerful than conventional classic treatments. This research field is in great expansion and attracts many researchers worldwide. AREA COVERED This review covers the main research published between early 2013 to mid-2015 and takes into account several previous reviews on the subject. Its intention is to showcase the most recent advances reported towards the development of molecular hybrids in drug discovery. Particular attention is given to anticancer hybrids throughout the review. EXPERT OPINION Current advances show that molecular hybrids of biologically active molecules can lead to powerful therapeutics. Natural products play a key role in this field. It is also believed that toxin hybrids present a great opportunity for future progress and should be further explored. Furthermore, the synthesis of hybrid organometallics should be systematically studied as it can lead to potent drugs. The crucial requirement for growth still remains the efficacy of synthesis. Hence, the development of efficient synthetic methods allowing rapid access to diverse series of hybrids must be further investigated by researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gervais Bérubé
- a Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique , Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières , Québec , Canada
| |
Collapse
|