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Raghava T, Chattopadhyay A, Banerjee S, Sarkar N. Conversion of amino-terephthalonitriles to multi-substituted single benzene fluorophores with utility in bioimaging. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:364-373. [PMID: 38086694 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01761c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Substitution of two fluorine atoms of the tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTN) ring (ortho to each other) by amine nucleophiles through SNAr chemistry is achievable. However, tri- and tetra-substitution towards multi-substituted single benzene fluorophores (SBFs) is harder due to increased electron richness of the TFTN moiety. Tertiary amine donors promote the molecule towards such multi-substitution guided by the steric obstruction to intramolecular charge transfer to the TFTN ring. Contrarily, secondary amine substituents with better lone pair donation to the TFTN ring cannot induce the SNAr pathway and instead promote hydrolysis of the nitrile groups of the TFTN moiety. Theoretical investigations have helped unearth the reasons for this observed difference in chemical reactivities and also explain the differences in the emission spectra. Finally, the success of the synthetic method towards multi-substitution is showcased through creation of a highly lipophilic SBF bearing an octyl unit and demonstrating its utility in in vitro cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Raghava
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
| | - Anjan Chattopadhyay
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
| | - Subhadeep Banerjee
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
- Fluoresight Bioprobes Private Limited, BGIIES Bioncubator, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Nivedita Sarkar
- Fluoresight Bioprobes Private Limited, BGIIES Bioncubator, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
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Raghava T, Chattopadhyay A, Bhavana P, Banerjee S. Amino-Terephthalonitrile-Based Single Benzene Fluorophores with Large Stokes Shifts and Solvatochromic Behavior. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201314. [PMID: 36892161 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized a small library of blue-to-green emissive single benzene-based fluorophores (SBFs) in a short synthetic sequence. The molecules exhibit good Stokes shift in the range of 60-110 nm and select examples also possess very high fluorescence quantum yields of up to 87%. Theoretical investigations into the ground state and excited state geometries of many of these compounds reveal that good degree of planarization between the electron donor secondary amines and electron accepting benzodinitrile units can be achieved under certain solvatochromic conditions, giving rise to the strongly fluorescent behavior. On the other hand, the excited state geometry which lacks co-planarity of the donor amine and the single benzene moiety can open up a non-fluorescent channel. Additionally, in molecules with a dinitrobenzene acceptor, the perpendicular nitro moieties render the molecules completely non-emissive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Raghava
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Anjan Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Purushothaman Bhavana
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Subhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
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Raghava T, Bhavana P, Banerjee S. An Electrochemical Investigation into the Redox Properties of Push‐Pull Dibenzodioxins and Comparative Analysis with Analogous Heteroacenes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Raghava
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar Goa 403726 India
| | - Purushothaman Bhavana
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar Goa 403726 India
| | - Subhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar Goa 403726 India
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Banerjee S, Phadte AA, Das M, Aduri R, Banerjee A. A Biophysical Investigation of DNA-Binding Interactions of Push-Pull Dibenzodioxins and Implications for in Vitro anti-Cancer Activity. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2078846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Sancoale, Goa, India
| | | | - Moitreyi Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa, India
| | - Raviprasad Aduri
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Sancoale, Goa, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Sancoale, Goa, India
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Riebe S, Adam S, Roy B, Maisuls I, Daniliuc CG, Dubbert J, Strassert CA, Schapiro I, Voskuhl J. Bridged Aromatic Oxo- and Thioethers with Intense Emission in Solution and the Solid State. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2307-2313. [PMID: 34155813 PMCID: PMC8456941 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we report on a class of emitters based on bridged oxo- and/or thioethers revealing striking photoluminescence properties in fluid solution and in the solid state. In total, nine compounds were investigated concerning their photophysical properties, which were interpreted by quantum chemical calculations. To our delight, we discovered compounds possessing nearly identical photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦF ) in solution and in the solid state, which has been rarely reported so far. Besides these efforts, we shed light on the influence of polymorphism and solvent polarity on the emission properties. In addition, an in-depth X-ray diffractometric analysis was conducted to correlate molecular packing in the crystal with differences in the photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Riebe
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Suliman Adam
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bibhisan Roy
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Justin Dubbert
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jens Voskuhl
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany
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Ashok Phadte A, Chattopadhyay A, Banerjee S, Singh Sisodiya D, Raghava T. Synthesis of Green Emitting Multi‐substituted Dibenzodioxins and Related Heteroacenes and Computational Investigation of Substituent Effects on Emission Spectra. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Ashok Phadte
- Department of Chemistry BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus NH 17B, Bypass Road Zuarinagar, Goa 403726 India
| | - Anjan Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus NH 17B, Bypass Road Zuarinagar, Goa 403726 India
| | - Subhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus NH 17B, Bypass Road Zuarinagar, Goa 403726 India
| | - Dilawar Singh Sisodiya
- Department of Chemistry BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus NH 17B, Bypass Road Zuarinagar, Goa 403726 India
| | - Tanya Raghava
- Department of Chemistry BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus NH 17B, Bypass Road Zuarinagar, Goa 403726 India
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Phadte AA, Banerjee S, Mate NA, Banerjee A. Spectroscopic and viscometric determination of DNA-binding modes of some bioactive dibenzodioxins and phenazines. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 18:100629. [PMID: 30993216 PMCID: PMC6449707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Push-pull dibenzodioxins and phenazines having ‘anthracene-like’ planar structures and good charge transfer character had been previously synthesised in our laboratory. The dibenzodioxins had earlier proven their anti-proliferative nature against HeLa tumor cell lines. Since phenazines are structural analogues of the former, these molecules were evaluated in course of the current study for their cytotoxic action against HeLa cell lines and they exhibited strong anti-tumor activity. This behavior could be related to their good DNA binding property. The DNA binding modes of molecules 1–4 (Fig. 1) were evaluated using various experimental techniques and they interacted with DNA in a non-covalently by both intercalative as well as groove binding mechanisms. Molecule 1 follows predominantly intercalative binding mode whereas molecules 2 and 3 have nearly equal and opposite preferences for both groove binding and intercalative modes. For molecule 4, groove binding is preferred mode of binding to DNA. A rationale for such differential binding behaviour is provided based on the subtle structural differences in our synthesised dibenzodioxins and phenazines. Elucidation of the mode of a molecule-DNA-binding event is relevant for understanding the mechanism of action of these molecules and will help promote further research into designing better DNA targeting small molecules. DNA binding modes of push-pull planar dibenzodioxins and phenazines were elucidated. DNA binding mechanistic details were obtained by spectroscopic and viscometric techniques. The molecular shape and geometry has a bearing on its choice of binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Ashok Phadte
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Subhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Nayan Anand Mate
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
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Banerjee S, Phadte AA, Chattopadhyay A, Fernandes JR, Savardekar AV, Banerjee A, Singh KS. Synthesis and photophysical characterization of heterocyclic dihydrotetracenes and their utility in the fluorescence imaging of HeLa cells. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Banerjee S, Chattopadhyay A, Fernandes JRD, Banerjee A, Phadte AA, Savardekar AV, Singh KS. Synthesis and electronic properties of ester substituted 1,4-dicyanodibenzodioxins and evaluation of anti-proliferative activity of all isomeric 1,2-, 2,3- and 1,4-dicyanodibenzodioxins against HeLa cell line. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4280-4284. [PMID: 28838694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Dicyanodibenzodioxins bearing carboxy methyl ester groups were synthesized using our established one-step SNAr coupling reaction between ortho- and meta-ester substituted catechols and perfluorinated terephthalonitrile. These are the first examples of 1,4-dicyanodibenzodioxins substituted at both the benzene moieties. Optical spectra were similar to the earlier examples reported, with a marginal blue shift for the ester dibenzodioxins. Theoretical analysis of the molecular orbitals reveals modest destabilization of the frontier molecular orbitals of one carboxy methyl ester isomer over the other and overall higher HOMO-LUMO gap for both isomers when compared to the earlier published 1,4-dicyanodibenzodioxins. In vitro cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer HeLa cell line was evaluated for these two compounds and all other previously published dibenzodioxins from our laboratory (1,4-dicyano, 1,2-dicyano and 2,3-dicyano variants). A number of derivatives showed anti-tumor activity in μM ranges and also exhibited no cytotoxicity against normal HEK 293 cell line. Mechanistic investigation of cell death pathways indicated high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the dibenzodioxin treated tumor cell lines along with cellular nuclear fragmentation, both of which are markers of the apoptotic cell death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Banerjee
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B Bypass, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
| | - Anjan Chattopadhyay
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B Bypass, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Joseph R D Fernandes
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B Bypass, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B Bypass, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Apeksha Ashok Phadte
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B Bypass, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Akanksha Vinod Savardekar
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B Bypass, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Keisham Sarjit Singh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India
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Shlenev RM, Vorontsov PV, Filimonov SI, Tarasov AV, Danilova AS, Agat’ev PA. Synthesis of dibenzo[1,4]dioxine, phenoxazine, and phenothiazine derivatives containing carboxamide and sulfonamide groups. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428016030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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