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Gao X, Zhang N, Xie W. Research on the Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology of Taxus × media. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5756. [PMID: 38891943 PMCID: PMC11171555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Taxus × media, belonging to the genus Taxus of the Taxaceae family, is a unique hybrid plant derived from a natural crossbreeding between Taxus cuspidata and Taxus baccata. This distinctive hybrid variety inherits the superior traits of its parental species, exhibiting significant biological and medicinal values. This paper comprehensively analyzes Taxus × media from multiple dimensions, including its cultivation overview, chemical composition, and multifaceted applications in the medical field. In terms of chemical constituents, this study delves into the bioactive components abundant in Taxus × media and their pharmacological activities, highlighting the importance and value of these components, including paclitaxel, as the lead compounds in traditional medicine and modern drug development. Regarding its medicinal value, the article primarily discusses the potential applications of Taxus × media in combating tumors, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, and treating diabetes. By synthesizing clinical research and experimental data, the paper elucidates the potential and mechanisms of its primary active components in preventing and treating these diseases. In conclusion, Taxus × media demonstrates its unique value in biological research and tremendous potential in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.G.); (N.Z.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.G.); (N.Z.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.G.); (N.Z.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Li K, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Griffith MP. A noteworthy case of rewilding Chinese yew from a garden population in eastern China. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12341. [PMID: 34721999 PMCID: PMC8532990 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese yew (Taxus wallichiana var. mairei) is ranked as a rare and endangered plant of first-grade protection of China. It has been widely cultivated in 17 provinces of China over the past few decades. However, little is known about the dispersion, rewilding, and ecological influence of Chinese yew’s offspring during cultivation. Here, we report a noteworthy case of this species, via ex situ conservation, which has successfully spread into different secondary forests, thus forming a stable regenerating population in eastern China. The establishment of this yew population, which has > 900 individuals and 7 ha area, can be ascribed to two key ecological factors: (1) secondary forest near the parent yews that provided suitable microhabitats in which progeny yews could germinate and grow, and (2) seed-foraging and transportation by native birds. Thus, this case may offer a pathway for conserving endangered Chinese Taxus species, which can attract frugivorous birds to disperse their seeds. In addition, it is necessary to monitor the growth performance of progeny population in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangfu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lange BM, Conner CF. Taxanes and taxoids of the genus Taxus - A comprehensive inventory of chemical diversity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112829. [PMID: 34329937 PMCID: PMC8393860 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The pseudoalkaloid diterpene Taxol® (paclitaxel) emerged as a best-selling anti-cancer drug in the mid-1990s. The compound attracted considerable interest because of its unique mechanism to stabilize microtubules, thus reducing dynamicity and ultimately promoting mitotic arrest. Taxol was originally isolated from members of the genus Taxus. Over the last 50 years, close to 600 metabolites with taxane scaffolds were isolated from various Taxus species and their structures reported. The present review article provides an overview of the known chemical diversity of taxanes, with an emphasis on the functionalization of diterpene scaffolds. The implications of the occurrence of chemically diverse taxane metabolites for unraveling Taxol biosynthesis and enabling pathway engineering are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA.
| | - Caleb F Conner
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA
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Feng Q, Li B, Feng Y, Li X, Ma X, Wang H, Chen G. Isolation and identification of two new compounds from the twigs and leaves of Cephalotaxus fortunei. J Nat Med 2019; 73:653-660. [PMID: 30976949 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two new compounds, namely 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-methylchromone (1), and sesquiterpene X (6), together with 21 known compounds were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook. f. The structures of 1-23 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (1D/2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and IR) and comparison with literature. The absolute configuration of compound 6 was determined by means of electronic circular dichroism calculation. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of all compounds were assayed in RAW 264.7 cells by assessing lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production. Compounds 1 and 6 exhibited weak effects with percentage inhibitions of 24% and 35.60%, respectively. In addition, compounds 4, 9, and 14 have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases because of their significant anti-inflammatory activities and high content in C. fortunei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research and Development, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Bingxin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research and Development, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research and Development, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research and Development, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Xiaorui Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research and Development, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research and Development, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research and Development, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China.
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Yu C, Luo X, Zhan X, Hao J, Zhang L, L Song YB, Shen C, Dong M. Comparative metabolomics reveals the metabolic variations between two endangered Taxus species (T. fuana and T. yunnanensis) in the Himalayas. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:197. [PMID: 30223770 PMCID: PMC6142684 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants of the genus Taxus have attracted much attention owing to the natural product taxol, a successful anti-cancer drug. T. fuana and T. yunnanensis are two endangered Taxus species mainly distributed in the Himalayas. In our study, an untargeted metabolomics approach integrated with a targeted UPLC-MS/MS method was applied to examine the metabolic variations between these two Taxus species growing in different environments. RESULTS The level of taxol in T. yunnanensis is much higher than that in T. fuana, indicating a higher economic value of T. yunnanensis for taxol production. A series of specific metabolites, including precursors, intermediates, competitors of taxol, were identified. All the identified intermediates are predominantly accumulated in T. yunnanensis than T. fuana, giving a reasonable explanation for the higher accumulation of taxol in T. yunnanensis. Taxusin and its analogues are highly accumulated in T. fuana, which may consume limited intermediates and block the metabolic flow towards taxol. The contents of total flavonoids and a majority of tested individual flavonoids are significantly accumulated in T. fuana than T. yunnanensis, indicating a stronger environmental adaptiveness of T. fuana. CONCLUSIONS Systemic metabolic profiling may provide valuable information for the comprehensive industrial utilization of the germplasm resources of these two endangered Taxus species growing in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunna Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Xiujun Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Xiaori Zhan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Juan Hao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430 USA
| | - Yao-Bin L Song
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Ming Dong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
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Lin X, Yu M, Lin T, Zhang L. Secondary metabolites of Xylaria sp., an endophytic fungus from Taxus mairei. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30:2442-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1198350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lianru Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Nasiri J, Naghavi MR, Alizadeh H, Moghadam MRF. Seasonal-based temporal changes fluctuate expression patterns of TXS, DBAT, BAPT and DBTNBT genes alongside production of associated taxanes in Taxus baccata. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1103-1119. [PMID: 26883228 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental cues have synergistic or antagonistic regulatory roles on transcription activity and taxanes accumulation in yew, though DBAT activity is less influenced, could be accordingly a rate-limiting enzyme. The current work was undertaken to elucidate the consequences of some environmental cues (i.e., day length, temperature, sunlight and relative humidity) on the expression patterns of TXS, DBAT, BAPT and DBTNBT genes contributed to the taxol biosynthetic pathway along with the accumulation of some taxanes in needles and stems of Taxus baccata over year 2013-2014. In both tissues, light intensity and temperature correlated with the production of 10-DAB III and total taxanes, and TXS activity, while a lack of significant association was deduced for day length and relative humidity. Furthermore, in both tissues, a weak correlation was observed between BAC III and light intensity, temperature, day length and relative humidity, and the corresponding gene, DBAT. Surprisingly, DBAT activity was not co-induced with TXS in both tissues, and remained expressed at basal levels over year, supporting that the conversion of 10-DAB III into BAC III could presumably be a rate limiting step in the taxol biosynthetic pathway. Similar to BAC III, no strong correlation was detected between production of taxol in both tissues and all the meteorological data, while the corresponding genes BAPT and DBTNBT, in some cases, exhibited significant correlated results. Notably, despite higher activities of BAPT and DBTNBT in both tissues over year, taxol production was still in small quantities, probably owing to the low amounts of its precursors rather than low volumes of BAPT and DBTNBT transcripts. The results, altogether, could provide us new insights towards the potential regulatory roles of environmental cues on the production of taxanes in yew trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Nasiri
- Division of Plant Molecular Genetics, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Plant Molecular Genetics, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Houshang Alizadeh
- Division of Plant Molecular Genetics, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial as opposed to marine sources and includes labdanes, clerodanes, pimaranes, abietanes, kauranes, cembranes and their cyclization products. The literature from January to December, 2015 is reviewed.
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Weber M, Owens K, Masarwa A, Sarpong R. Construction of Enantiopure Taxoid and Natural Product-like Scaffolds Using a C-C Bond Cleavage/Arylation Reaction. Org Lett 2015; 17:5432-5. [PMID: 26485318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An approach to construct enantiopure complex natural product-like frameworks, including the first reported synthesis of a C17 oxygenated taxoid scaffold, is presented. A palladium-catalyzed C-C activation/cross-coupling is utilized to access these structures in a short sequence from (+)-carvone; the scope of this reaction is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kyle Owens
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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