1
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Thompson AM, O'Connor PD, Marshall AJ, Francisco AF, Kelly JM, Riley J, Read KD, Perez CJ, Cornwall S, Thompson RCA, Keenan M, White KL, Charman SA, Zulfiqar B, Sykes ML, Avery VM, Chatelain E, Denny WA. Re-evaluating pretomanid analogues for Chagas disease: Hit-to-lead studies reveal both in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112849. [PMID: 33007723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic screening of a 900 compound library of antitubercular nitroimidazole derivatives related to pretomanid against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (the causative agent for Chagas disease) identified several structurally diverse hits with an unknown mode of action. Following initial profiling, a first proof-of-concept in vivo study was undertaken, in which once daily oral dosing of a 7-substituted 2-nitroimidazooxazine analogue suppressed blood parasitemia to low or undetectable levels, although sterile cure was not achieved. Limited hit expansion studies alongside counter-screening of new compounds targeted at visceral leishmaniasis laid the foundation for a more in-depth assessment of the best leads, focusing on both drug-like attributes (solubility, metabolic stability and safety) and maximal killing of the parasite in a shorter timeframe. Comparative appraisal of one preferred lead (58) in a chronic infection mouse model, monitored by highly sensitive bioluminescence imaging, provided the first definitive evidence of (partial) curative efficacy with this promising nitroimidazooxazine class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Patrick D O'Connor
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Amanda F Francisco
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D Read
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J Perez
- Department of Parasitology & Veterinary Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Scott Cornwall
- Department of Parasitology & Veterinary Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - R C Andrew Thompson
- Department of Parasitology & Veterinary Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Martine Keenan
- Epichem Pty Ltd, Suite 5, 3 Brodie-Hall Drive, Technology Park, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Karen L White
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Bilal Zulfiqar
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Melissa L Sykes
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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2
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Showalter HD. Recent Progress in the Discovery and Development of 2-Nitroimidazooxazines and 6-Nitroimidazooxazoles to Treat Tuberculosis and Neglected Tropical Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184137. [PMID: 32927749 PMCID: PMC7576498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroimidazole drugs have a long history as therapeutic agents to treat bacterial and parasitic diseases. The discovery in 1989 of a bicyclic nitroimidazole lead, displaying in vitro and in vivo antitubercular activity, spurred intensive exploration of this and related scaffolds, which led to the regulatory approval of pretomanid and delamanid as a new class of tuberculosis drugs. Much of the discovery work related to this took place over a 20-year period ending in 2010, which is covered in a number of cited reviews. This review highlights subsequent research published over the 2011–August 2020 timeframe, and captures detailed structure–activity relationship studies and synthetic strategies directed towards uncovering newer generation drugs for both tuberculosis and selected neglected tropical diseases. Additionally, this review presents in silico calculations relating to the drug-like properties of lead compounds and clinical agents, as well as chemical development and manufacturing processes toward providing bulk drug supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollis D Showalter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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3
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Palchykov VA, Gaponov AA. 1,3-Amino alcohols and their phenol analogs in heterocyclization reactions. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Tao X, Gao C, Huang ZG, Luo W, Liu KL, Peng CT, Ding CZ, Li J, Chen SH, Yu LT. Discovery and evaluation of novel nitrodihydroimidazooxazoles as promising anti-tuberculosis agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2511-2515. [PMID: 31353295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New analogues of antitubercular drug Delamanid were prepared, seeking drug candidates with enhanced aqueous solubility and high efficacy. The strategy involved replacement of phenoxy linker proximal to the 2-nitroimidazooxazole of Delamanid by piperidine fused 5 or 6-membered ring heterocycles (ring A). The new compounds were all more hydrophilic than Delamanid, and several class of analogues showed remarkable activities against M. bovis. And among these series, the tetrahydro-naphthyridine-linked nitroimidazoles displayed excellent antimycobacterial activity against both replicating (MABA) and nonreplicating (LORA) M. tb H37Rv and low cytotoxicity. Compared to Delamanid, these new compounds (6, 7, 45) demonstrated dramatically improved physicochemical properties and are suitable for further in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Changzhou Yinsheng Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Weitang Chemical Industry Zone, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Huang
- WuXi AppTec. Co. Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Wei Luo
- WuXi AppTec. Co. Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Kun-Lin Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cui-Ting Peng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Charles Z Ding
- WuXi AppTec. Co. Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jian Li
- WuXi AppTec. Co. Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- WuXi AppTec. Co. Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Luo-Ting Yu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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5
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Zhang J, Ba Y, Wang S, Yang H, Hou X, Xu Z. Nitroimidazole-containing compounds and their antibacterial and antitubercular activities. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:376-388. [PMID: 31260891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infections especially tuberculosis caused by various bacteria including mycobacteria result in millions of lives every year, but the control of bacterial infections is challenged by the limitation of effective pharmaceuticals against drug-resistant pathogens. Nitroimidazoles belong to a group of nitroheterocyclic compounds that have broad-spectrum activity against a series of organisms such as mycobacteria, anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and some of them have already been used in clinics or under clinical trials for the treatment of infectious diseases. In this review, we made an overview of the recent advances in nitroimidazole-containing compounds with antibacterial and antitubercular activity in the recent 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yanyan Ba
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Su Wang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xuehui Hou
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Zhi Xu
- Huanghuai University, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhumadian, PR China.
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6
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Veale CGL. Unpacking the Pathogen Box-An Open Source Tool for Fighting Neglected Tropical Disease. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:386-453. [PMID: 30614200 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Pathogen Box is a 400-strong collection of drug-like compounds, selected for their potential against several of the world's most important neglected tropical diseases, including trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, filariasis, schistosomiasis, dengue virus and trichuriasis, in addition to malaria and tuberculosis. This library represents an ensemble of numerous successful drug discovery programmes from around the globe, aimed at providing a powerful resource to stimulate open source drug discovery for diseases threatening the most vulnerable communities in the world. This review seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of the literature pertaining to the compounds in the Pathogen Box, including structure-activity relationship highlights, mechanisms of action, related compounds with reported activity against different diseases, and, where appropriate, discussion on the known and putative targets of compounds, thereby providing context and increasing the accessibility of the Pathogen Box to the drug discovery community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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7
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Thompson AM, O'Connor PD, Marshall AJ, Blaser A, Yardley V, Maes L, Gupta S, Launay D, Braillard S, Chatelain E, Wan B, Franzblau SG, Ma Z, Cooper CB, Denny WA. Development of (6 R)-2-Nitro-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-6,7-dihydro-5 H-imidazo[2,1- b][1,3]oxazine (DNDI-8219): A New Lead for Visceral Leishmaniasis. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2329-2352. [PMID: 29461823 PMCID: PMC5867678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Discovery
of the potent antileishmanial effects of antitubercular
6-nitro-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazoles and
7-substituted 2-nitro-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazines
stimulated the examination of further scaffolds (e.g., 2-nitro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepines), but the results for these seemed less
attractive. Following the screening of a 900-compound pretomanid analogue
library, several hits with more suitable potency, solubility, and
microsomal stability were identified, and the superior efficacy of
newly synthesized 6R enantiomers with phenylpyridine-based
side chains was established through head-to-head assessments in a Leishmania donovani mouse model. Two such leads (R-84 and R-89) displayed promising activity in the more stringent Leishmania
infantum hamster model but were unexpectedly found to be
potent inhibitors of hERG. An extensive structure–activity
relationship investigation pinpointed two compounds (R-6 and pyridine R-136)
with better solubility and pharmacokinetic properties that also provided
excellent oral efficacy in the same hamster model (>97% parasite
clearance
at 25 mg/kg, twice daily) and exhibited minimal hERG inhibition. Additional
profiling earmarked R-6 as the favored
backup development candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Patrick D O'Connor
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Adrian Blaser
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , Keppel Street , London WC1E 7HT , United Kingdom
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , B-2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Parasitology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Delphine Launay
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant , 1202 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant , 1202 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant , 1202 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Zhenkun Ma
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development , 40 Wall Street , New York , New York 10005 , United States
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development , 40 Wall Street , New York , New York 10005 , United States
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
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8
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Thompson AM, Bonnet M, Lee HH, Franzblau SG, Wan B, Wong GS, Cooper CB, Denny WA. Antitubercular Nitroimidazoles Revisited: Synthesis and Activity of the Authentic 3-Nitro Isomer of Pretomanid. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1275-1280. [PMID: 29259747 PMCID: PMC5733301 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
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A published
study of structural features associated with the aerobic
and anaerobic activities of 4- and 5-nitroimidazoles had found that
the 3-nitro isomer of pretomanid, 8, displayed interesting
potencies, including against nitroreductase mutant Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. However, recent nuclear magnetic resonance
analyses of two trace byproducts, isolated from early process optimization
studies toward a large-scale synthesis of pretomanid, raised structural
assignment queries, particularly for 8, stimulating further
investigation. Following our discovery that the reported compound
was a 6-nitroimidazooxazole derivative, we developed a de
novo synthesis of authentic 8 via nitration
of the chiral des-nitro imidazooxazine alcohol 26 in
trifluoroacetic or acetic anhydride, and verified its identity through
an X-ray crystal structure. Unfortunately, 8 displayed
no antitubercular activity (MICs > 128 μM), whereas the second
byproduct (3′-methyl pretomanid) was eight-fold more potent
than pretomanid in the aerobic assay. These findings further clarify
target specificities for bicyclic nitroimidazoles, which may become
important in the event of any future clinical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Thompson
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ho H. Lee
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - George S. Wong
- Summit CMC Alliance LLC, 61 Hawthorne
Place, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
| | - Christopher B. Cooper
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, 40 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005, United States
| | - William A. Denny
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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9
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Thompson AM, Marshall AJ, Maes L, Yarlett N, Bacchi CJ, Gaukel E, Wring SA, Launay D, Braillard S, Chatelain E, Mowbray CE, Denny WA. Assessment of a pretomanid analogue library for African trypanosomiasis: Hit-to-lead studies on 6-substituted 2-nitro-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine 8-oxides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:207-213. [PMID: 29191556 PMCID: PMC5840523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A 900 compound nitroimidazole-based library derived from our pretomanid backup program with TB Alliance was screened for utility against human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) by the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative. Potent hits included 2-nitro-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine 8-oxides, which surprisingly displayed good metabolic stability and excellent cell permeability. Following comprehensive mouse pharmacokinetic assessments on four hits and determination of the most active chiral form, a thiazine oxide counterpart of pretomanid (24) was identified as the best lead. With once daily oral dosing, this compound delivered complete cures in an acute infection mouse model of HAT and increased survival times in a stage 2 model, implying the need for more prolonged CNS exposure. In preliminary SAR findings, antitrypanosomal activity was reduced by removal of the benzylic methylene but enhanced through a phenylpyridine-based side chain, providing important direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nigel Yarlett
- Haskins Laboratories, Pace University, NY 10038, USA
| | | | - Eric Gaukel
- Scynexis, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27713, USA
| | | | - Delphine Launay
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles E Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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10
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Thompson AM, O'Connor PD, Marshall AJ, Yardley V, Maes L, Gupta S, Launay D, Braillard S, Chatelain E, Franzblau SG, Wan B, Wang Y, Ma Z, Cooper CB, Denny WA. 7-Substituted 2-Nitro-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazines: Novel Antitubercular Agents Lead to a New Preclinical Candidate for Visceral Leishmaniasis. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4212-4233. [PMID: 28459575 PMCID: PMC7722354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Within a backup program for the clinical investigational agent pretomanid (PA-824), scaffold hopping from delamanid inspired the discovery of a novel class of potent antitubercular agents that unexpectedly possessed notable utility against the kinetoplastid disease visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Following the identification of delamanid analogue DNDI-VL-2098 as a VL preclinical candidate, this structurally related 7-substituted 2-nitro-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine class was further explored, seeking efficacious backup compounds with improved solubility and safety. Commencing with a biphenyl lead, bioisosteres formed by replacing one phenyl by pyridine or pyrimidine showed improved solubility and potency, whereas more hydrophilic side chains reduced VL activity. In a Leishmania donovani mouse model, two racemic phenylpyridines (71 and 93) were superior, with the former providing >99% inhibition at 12.5 mg/kg (b.i.d., orally) in the Leishmania infantum hamster model. Overall, the 7R enantiomer of 71 (79) displayed more optimal efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety, leading to its selection as the preferred development candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Patrick D O'Connor
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Delphine Launay
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Zhenkun Ma
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development , 40 Wall Street, New York 10005, United States
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development , 40 Wall Street, New York 10005, United States
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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11
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Fürst MCD, Sauer CS, Moriyama T, Kamimura A, Heinrich MR. Synthesis of 6-Arylpyridin-3-ols by Oxidative Rearrangement of (5-Arylfurfuryl)amines. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. D. Fürst
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Caroline S. Sauer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Takaaki Moriyama
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience; Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; 755-8611 Ube Japan
| | - Akio Kamimura
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience; Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; 755-8611 Ube Japan
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
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