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Amankwa CE, Kodati B, Donkor N, Acharya S. Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants and Hybrid TEMPOL Derivatives in Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Glimpse into the Future. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2959. [PMID: 38001960 PMCID: PMC10669210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play a significant role in the pathogenesis of various ocular neurodegenerative diseases especially glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and ocular ischemic stroke. Increased oxidative stress and the accumulation of ROS have been implicated in the progression of these diseases. As a result, there has been growing interest in exploring potential therapeutic and prophylactic strategies involving exogenous antioxidants. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the development of synthetic therapeutic antioxidants for targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurodegenerative diseases. One area of focus has been the development of hybrid TEMPOL derivatives. In the context of ocular diseases, the application of next-generation hybrid TEMPOL antioxidants may offer new avenues for neuroprotection. By targeting ROS and reducing oxidative stress in the retina and optic nerve, these compounds have the potential to preserve retinal ganglion cells and trabecular meshwork and protect against optic nerve damage, mitigating irreversible blindness associated with these diseases. This review seeks to highlight the potential impact of hybrid TEMPOL antioxidants and their derivatives on ocular neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Amankwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (B.K.); (N.D.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Bindu Kodati
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (B.K.); (N.D.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Nina Donkor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (B.K.); (N.D.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Suchismita Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (B.K.); (N.D.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Amankwa CE, Young O, DebNath B, Gondi SR, Rangan R, Ellis DZ, Zode G, Stankowska DL, Acharya S. Modulation of Mitochondrial Metabolic Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes in Healthy and Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Cells with Hybrid Small Molecule SA-2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11557. [PMID: 37511316 PMCID: PMC10380487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS)-induced mitochondrial damage is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Mitochondria-targeted novel antioxidant therapies could unearth promising drug candidates for the management of POAG. Previously, our dual-acting hybrid molecule SA-2 with nitric oxide-donating and antioxidant activity reduced intraocular pressure and improved aqueous humor outflow in rodent eyes. Here, we examined the mechanistic role of SA-2 in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells in vitro and measured the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes during OS. Primary human TM cells isolated from normal (hNTM) or glaucomatous (hGTM) post-mortem donors and transformed glaucomatous TM cells (GTM-3) were used for in vitro assays. We examined the effect of SA-2 on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in vitro using Seahorse Analyzer with or without the oxidant, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) treatment. Concentrations of total antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. We observed significant protection of both hNTM and hGTM cells from TBHP-induced cell death by SA-2. Antioxidant enzymes were elevated in SA-2-treated cells compared to TBHP-treated cells. In addition, SA-2 demonstrated an increase in mitochondrial metabolic parameters. Altogether, SA-2 protected both normal and glaucomatous TM cells from OS via increasing mitochondrial energy parameters and the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Amankwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Olivia Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Biddut DebNath
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Sudershan R. Gondi
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Rajiv Rangan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Dorette Z. Ellis
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Gulab Zode
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Dorota L. Stankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Suchismita Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
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Pétry N, Luttringer F, Bantreil X, Lamaty F. A mechanochemical approach to the synthesis of sydnones and derivatives. Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:114-127. [PMID: 36134497 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00096b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sydnones are heterocyclic compounds which display important biological activities, including their abilities to react in 1,3-dipolar additions for applications in the development of new prodrugs. Capitalizing on our preliminary work on the mechanosynthesis of sydnones, an extension of this work to two related families of molecules, diarylsydnones and iminosydnones is reported. A ball-milling approach towards the synthesis of diaryl sydnones was developed, a necessary step for the synthesis of potential sydnone-based ligands of metal complexes. A mechanochemistry-based synthesis of iminosydnones was optimized, including the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) related to feprosidnine, linsidomine, mesocarb and molsidomine. This work demonstrated that the ball-milling procedures were efficient and time saving through avoiding purification steps, and reduced the use of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pétry
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Xavier Bantreil
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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Pham JH, Johnson GA, Rangan RS, Amankwa CE, Acharya S, Stankowska DL. Neuroprotection of Rodent and Human Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vitro/Ex Vivo by the Hybrid Small Molecule SA-2. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233741. [PMID: 36497005 PMCID: PMC9735605 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of the hybrid antioxidant-nitric oxide donating compound SA-2 in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration models were evaluated. The in vitro trophic factor (TF) deprivation model in primary rat RGCs and ex vivo human retinal explants were used to mimic glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Cell survival was assessed after treatment with vehicle or SA-2. In separate experiments, tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and endothelin-3 (ET-3) were used in ex vivo rat retinal explants and primary rat RGCs, respectively, to induce oxidative damage. Mitochondrial and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed following treatments. In the TF deprivation model, SA-2 treatment produced a significant decrease in apoptotic and dead cell counts in primary RGCs and a significant increase in RGC survival in ex vivo human retinal explants. In the oxidative stress-induced models, a significant decrease in the production of ROS was observed in the SA-2-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group. Compound SA-2 was neuroprotective against various glaucomatous insults in the rat and human RGCs by reducing apoptosis and decreasing ROS levels. Amelioration of mitochondrial and cellular oxidative stress by SA-2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing neurodegeneration in glaucomatous RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Pham
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- The North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Gretchen A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- The North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rajiv S. Rangan
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- The North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Charles E. Amankwa
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- The North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Suchismita Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- The North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (D.L.S.)
| | - Dorota L. Stankowska
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- The North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (D.L.S.)
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Long Non-coding RNA GAS5 Knockdown Attenuates H 2O 2-Induced Human Trabecular Meshwork Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Extracellular Matrix Deposition by Suppressing miR-29b-3p and Upregulating STAT3. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:516-526. [PMID: 34657232 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA GAS5 (GAS5) is reportedly implicated in glaucoma. However, its significance in human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of GAS5 on the function of HTMCs and its interaction with miR-29b-3p in HTMCs. We established an H2O2-induced oxidative injury model using HTMCs. RT-qPCR or western blotting was performed to examine the expression of the indicated genes. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the interaction between GAS5, miR-29b-3p, miR-29b-3p, and STAT3. CCK8 assay was used to assess the proliferative rate of HTMCs. Exposure to H2O2 increased the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, accompanied by reduced Bcl-2 expression. These H2O2-induced changes were effectively alleviated by GAS5 knockdown with sh-GAS5. MiR-29b-3p was directly regulated by GAS5. The effect of sh-GAS5 on ECM protein expression was also observed with the miR-29b-3p mimic. STAT3 was directly regulated by miR-29b-3p. MiR-29b-3p silencing alleviated STAT3 inhibition, followed by the restoration of cell vitality, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and ECM deposition. Our study is the first experimental investigation to shed light on a novel molecular mechanism of the GAS5/miR-29b-3p/STAT3 axis in an H2O2-induced oxidative injury model using HTMCs, which may offer a promising therapeutic approach against glaucoma.
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Fershtat LL, Zhilin ES. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Heterocyclic NO-Donors. Molecules 2021; 26:5705. [PMID: 34577175 PMCID: PMC8470015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule that acts in various physiological processes such as cellular metabolism, vasodilation and transmission of nerve impulses. A wide number of vascular diseases as well as various immune and neurodegenerative disorders were found to be directly associated with a disruption of NO production in living organisms. These issues justify a constant search of novel NO-donors with improved pharmacokinetic profiles and prolonged action. In a series of known structural classes capable of NO release, heterocyclic NO-donors are of special importance due to their increased hydrolytic stability and low toxicity. It is no wonder that synthetic and biochemical investigations of heterocyclic NO-donors have emerged significantly in recent years. In this review, we summarized recent advances in the synthesis, reactivity and biomedical applications of promising heterocyclic NO-donors (furoxans, sydnone imines, pyridazine dioxides, azasydnones). The synthetic potential of each heterocyclic system along with biochemical mechanisms of action are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L. Fershtat
- Laboratory of Nitrogen Compounds, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Hinkle L, Le D, Nguyen T, Tran V, Amankwa CE, Weston C, Shen H, Nguyen KT, Rahimi M, Acharya S. Nano encapsulated novel compound SA-10 with therapeutic activity in both acute and chronic murine hindlimb ischemia models. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 35:102400. [PMID: 33866011 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The production dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in ischemic tissues results in endothelial dysfunction, hyperinflammation and poor blood circulation. Here, we report a hybrid molecule, SA-10 with both NO donating and ROS scavenging abilities that demonstrated potent cytoprotection and tube formation activity in endothelial cells under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. SA-10 loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (SA-10 NPs) were delivered intramuscularly (IM) to two murine hindlimb ischemia models. In the acute mode ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the muscle damage, hyperinflammation, and lung edema were significantly reduced 3 days post-dose while in the chronic ischemia model, significant improvement of blood perfusion and physical endurance was observed over 30 days (P < 0.05). Elderly patients with acute and chronic limb ischemia have limited options for surgical or endovascular interventions, so we anticipate that a product like SA-10 NPs has potential as one of the therapeutic alternatives to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hinkle
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Nanomedicine, Houston, TX
| | - Duong Le
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Tam Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Vy Tran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Charles E Amankwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX; North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Courtney Weston
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX; North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Haifa Shen
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Nanomedicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Maham Rahimi
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX.
| | - Suchismita Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX; North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX.
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Amankwa CE, Gondi SR, Dibas A, Weston C, Funk A, Nguyen T, Nguyen KT, Ellis DZ, Acharya S. Novel Thiol Containing Hybrid Antioxidant-Nitric Oxide Donor Small Molecules for Treatment of Glaucoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040575. [PMID: 33917924 PMCID: PMC8068288 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced death and dysregulation of trabecular meshwork (TM) cells contribute to the increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary open angle (POAG) glaucoma patients. POAG is one of the major causes of irreversible vision loss worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO), a small gas molecule, has demonstrated IOP lowering activity in glaucoma by increasing aqueous humor outflow and relaxing TM. Glaucomatous pathology is associated with decreased antioxidant enzyme levels in ocular tissues causing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that reduce the bioavailability of NO. Here, we designed, synthesized, and conducted in vitro studies of novel second-generation sulfur containing hybrid NO donor-antioxidants SA-9 and its active metabolite SA-10 to scavenge broad-spectrum ROS as well as provide efficient protection from t-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) induced oxidative stress while maintaining NO bioavailability in TM cells. To allow a better drug delivery, a slow release nanosuspension SA-9 nanoparticles (SA-9 NPs) was prepared, characterized, and tested in dexamethasone induced ocular hypertensive (OHT) mice model for IOP lowering activity. A single topical eye drop of SA-9 NPs significantly lowered IOP (61%) at 3 h post-dose, with the effect lasting up to 72 h. This class of molecule has high potential to be useful for treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Amankwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (S.R.G.); (A.D.); (C.W.); (A.F.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Sudershan R. Gondi
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (S.R.G.); (A.D.); (C.W.); (A.F.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Adnan Dibas
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (S.R.G.); (A.D.); (C.W.); (A.F.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Courtney Weston
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (S.R.G.); (A.D.); (C.W.); (A.F.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Arlene Funk
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (S.R.G.); (A.D.); (C.W.); (A.F.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Tam Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA; (T.N.); (K.T.N.)
| | - Kytai T. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA; (T.N.); (K.T.N.)
| | - Dorette Z. Ellis
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Suchismita Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (S.R.G.); (A.D.); (C.W.); (A.F.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence:
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Mao YJ, Wu JB, Yang ZQ, Zhang YH, Huang ZJ. Nitric oxide donating anti-glaucoma drugs: advances and prospects. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:275-283. [PMID: 32402405 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a disease that causes irreversible blindness. Reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main treatment at present. Nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous gas signaling molecule, can increase aqueous humor outflow facility, inhibit aqueous humor production thereby reducing IOP, as well as regulate eye blood flow and protect the optic nerve. Therefore, NO donating anti-glaucoma drugs have broad research prospects. In this review, we summarize NO-mediated therapy for glaucoma, and the state of the art of some NO donating molecules, including latanoprostene bunod in market and some other candidate compounds, for the intervention of glaucoma, as well as prospects and challenges ahead in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ze-Qiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhang-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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10
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Dillon KM, Carrazzone RJ, Matson JB, Kashfi K. The evolving landscape for cellular nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide delivery systems: A new era of customized medications. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113931. [PMID: 32224139 PMCID: PMC7263970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are industrial toxins or pollutants; however, both are produced endogenously and have important biological roles in most mammalian tissues. The recognition that these gasotransmitters have a role in physiological and pathophysiological processes has presented opportunities to harness their intracellular effects either through inhibition of their production; or more commonly, through inducing their levels and or delivering them by various modalities. In this review article, we have focused on an array of NO and H2S donors, their hybrids with other established classes of drugs, and the various engineered delivery platforms such a fibers, polymers, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and others. In each case, we have reviewed the rationale for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kearsley M Dillon
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ryan J Carrazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, NY, USA.
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Yadav KS, Sharma S, Londhe VY. Bio-tactics for neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells in the treatment of glaucoma. Life Sci 2020; 243:117303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Cherepanov IA, Moiseev SK. Recent developments in the chemistry of sydnones and sydnone imines. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Stankowska DL, Dibas A, Li L, Zhang W, Krishnamoorthy VR, Chavala SH, Nguyen TP, Yorio T, Ellis DZ, Acharya S. Hybrid Compound SA-2 is Neuroprotective in Animal Models of Retinal Ganglion Cell Death. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3064-3073. [PMID: 31348824 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Determine the toxicity, bioavailability in the retina, and neuroprotective effects of a hybrid antioxidant-nitric oxide donor compound SA-2 against oxidative stress-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in neurodegenerative animal models. Methods Optic nerve crush (ONC) and ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury models were used in 12-week-old C57BL/6J mice to mimic conditions of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Mice were treated intravitreally with either vehicle or SA-2. Retinal thickness was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The electroretinogram and pattern ERG (PERG) were used to assess retinal function. RGC survival was determined by counting RBPMS-positive RGCs and immunohistochemical analysis of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) levels was carried out in the retina sections. Concentrations of SA-2 in the retina and choroid were determined using HPLC and MS. In addition, the direct effect of SA-2 treatment on RGC survival was assessed in ex vivo rat retinal explants under hypoxic (0.5% O2) conditions. Results Compound SA-2 did not induce any appreciable change in retinal thickness, or in a- or b-wave amplitude in naive animals. SA-2 was found to be bioavailable in both the retina and choroid after a single intravitreal injection (2% wt/vol). An increase in SOD1 levels in the retina of mice subjected to ONC and SA-2 treatment, suggests an enhancement in antioxidant activity. SA-2 provided significant (P < 0.05) RGC protection in all three of the tested RGC injury models in rodents. PERG amplitudes were significantly higher in both I/R and ONC mouse eyes following SA-2 treatment (P ≤ 0.001) in comparison with the vehicle and control groups. Conclusions Compound SA-2 was effective in preventing RGC death and loss of function in three different rodent models of acute RGC injury: ONC, I/R, and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota L Stankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Adnan Dibas
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Linya Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Vignesh R Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Sai H Chavala
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Tam Phung Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Thomas Yorio
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Dorette Z Ellis
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Suchismita Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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Sharif NA. iDrugs and iDevices Discovery Research: Preclinical Assays, Techniques, and Animal Model Studies for Ocular Hypotensives and Neuroprotectants. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2018; 34:7-39. [PMID: 29323613 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery ophthalmic research is centered around delineating the molecular and cellular basis of ocular diseases and finding and exploiting molecular and genetic pathways associated with them. From such studies it is possible to determine suitable intervention points to address the disease process and hopefully to discover therapeutics to treat them. An investigational new drug (IND) filing for a new small-molecule drug, peptide, antibody, genetic treatment, or a device with global health authorities requires a number of preclinical studies to provide necessary safety and efficacy data. Specific regulatory elements needed for such IND-enabling studies are beyond the scope of this article. However, to enhance the overall data packages for such entities and permit high-quality foundation-building publications for medical affairs, additional research and development studies are always desirable. This review aims to provide examples of some target localization/verification, ocular drug discovery processes, and mechanistic and portfolio-enhancing exploratory investigations for candidate drugs and devices for the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucomatous optic neuropathy (neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons). Examples of compound screening assays, use of various technologies and techniques, deployment of animal models, and data obtained from such studies are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najam A Sharif
- 1 Global Alliances & External Research , Santen Incorporated, Emeryville, California.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University , Houston, Texas.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center , Fort Worth, Texas
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He S, Stankowska DL, Ellis DZ, Krishnamoorthy RR, Yorio T. Targets of Neuroprotection in Glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 34:85-106. [PMID: 28820649 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive neurodegeneration of the optic nerve and the loss of retinal ganglion cells is a hallmark of glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) being the most frequent form of glaucoma in the Western world. While some genetic mutations have been identified for some glaucomas, those associated with POAG are limited and for most POAG patients, the etiology is still unclear. Unfortunately, treatment of this neurodegenerative disease and other retinal degenerative diseases is lacking. For POAG, most of the treatments focus on reducing aqueous humor formation, enhancing uveoscleral or conventional outflow, or lowering intraocular pressure through surgical means. These efforts, in some cases, do not always lead to a prevention of vision loss and therefore other strategies are needed to reduce or reverse the progressive neurodegeneration. In this review, we will highlight some of the ocular pharmacological approaches that are being tested to reduce neurodegeneration and provide some form of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing He
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Dorota L Stankowska
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Dorette Z Ellis
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Raghu R Krishnamoorthy
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Thomas Yorio
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
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Hybrid Nitric Oxide Donor and its Carrier for the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8692. [PMID: 28821752 PMCID: PMC5562917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been known to promote physiological angiogenesis to treat peripheral arterial diseases (PAD) by increasing the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in endothelial cells (ECs) and preventing platelet adherence and leukocyte chemotaxis. However, the ongoing ischemic event during peripheral ischemia produces superoxide and diminishes the NO bioavailability by forming toxic peroxynitrite anion. Here we disclose an efficacious hybrid molecule 4-(5-Amino-1,2,3-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinol (SA-2) containing both antioxidant and NO donor functionalities that provide a therapeutic level of NO necessary to promote angiogenesis and to protect ECs against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Compound SA-2 scavenged reactive oxygen species, inhibited proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and promoted the tube formation from ECs. Copolymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with SA-2 provided a sustained release of NO over days, improved aqueous stability in serum, protected ECs against oxidative stress, and enhanced angiogenesis under stress conditions as compared to that of the control in the in vitro matrigel tube formation assay. These results indicated the potential use of SA-2 nanoparticles as an alternative therapy to treat PAD.
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