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Ferraro F, Merlino A, Gil J, Pérez-Silanes S, Corvo I, Cabrera M. Flavonoid-Quinoxaline Hybrid Compounds as Cathepsin Inhibitors Against Fascioliasis. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400305. [PMID: 38871654 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a parasitic trematode that infects livestock animals and humans, causing significant health and economic burdens worldwide. The extensive use of anthelmintic drugs has led to the emergence of resistant parasite strains, posing a threat to treatment success. The complex life cycle of the liver fluke, coupled with limited funding and research interest, have hindered progress in drug discovery. Our group has been working in drug development against this parasite using cathepsin proteases as molecular targets, finding promising compound candidates with in vitro and in vivo efficacy. Here, we evaluated hybrid molecules that combine two chemotypes, chalcones and quinoxaline 1,4-di- N-oxides, previously found to inhibit F. hepatica cathepsin Ls and tested their in vitro activity with the isolated targets and the parasites in culture. These molecules proved to be good cathepsin inhibitors and to kill the juvenile parasites at micromolar concentrations. Also, we performed molecular docking studies to analyze the compounds-cathepsins interface, finding that the best inhibitors interact at the active site cleft and contact the catalytic dyad and residues belonging to the substrate binding pockets. We conclude that the hybrid compounds constitute promising scaffolds for the further development of new fasciolicidal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Ferraro
- Laboratorio de I+D de Moléculas Bioactivas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
| | - Alicia Merlino
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Gil
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Producción y Reproducción de Rumiantes, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte-Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
| | - Silvia Pérez-Silanes
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Campus Universitario, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ileana Corvo
- Laboratorio de I+D de Moléculas Bioactivas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Cabrera
- Laboratorio de I+D de Moléculas Bioactivas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
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Buravchenko GI, Shchekotikhin AE. Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides: Advances in Chemistry and Chemotherapeutic Drug Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1174. [PMID: 37631089 PMCID: PMC10459860 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Oxides of heterocyclic compounds are the focus of medical chemistry due to their diverse biological properties. The high reactivity and tendency to undergo various rearrangements have piqued the interest of synthetic chemists in heterocycles with N-oxide fragments. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides are an example of an important class of heterocyclic N-oxides, whose wide range of biological activity determines the prospects of their practical use in the development of drugs of various pharmaceutical groups. Derivatives from this series have found application in the clinic as antibacterial drugs and are used in agriculture. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides present a promising class for the development of new drugs targeting bacterial infections, oncological diseases, malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and amoebiasis. The review considers the most important methods for the synthesis and key directions in the chemical modification of quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives, analyzes their biological properties, and evaluates the prospects for the practical application of the most interesting compounds.
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González-González A, Sánchez-Sánchez O, Krauth-Siegel RL, Bolognesi ML, Gớmez-Escobedo R, Nogueda-Torres B, Vázquez-Jiménez LK, Saavedra E, Encalada R, Espinoza-Hicks JC, Paz-González AD, Rivera G. In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of New n-Butyl and Isobutyl Quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di- N-oxide Derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi as Trypanothione Reductase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13315. [PMID: 36362102 PMCID: PMC9655728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
American trypanosomiasis is a worldwide health problem that requires attention due to ineffective treatment options. We evaluated n-butyl and isobutyl quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives against trypomastigotes of the Trypanosoma cruzi strains NINOA and INC-5. An in silico analysis of the interactions of 1,4-di-N-oxide on the active site of trypanothione reductase (TR) and an enzyme inhibition study was carried out. The n-butyl series compound identified as T-150 had the best trypanocidal activity against T. cruzi trypomastigotes, with a 13% TR inhibition at 44 μM. The derivative T-147 behaved as a mixed inhibitor with Ki and Ki' inhibition constants of 11.4 and 60.8 µM, respectively. This finding is comparable to the TR inhibitor mepacrine (Ki = 19 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonzo González-González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Oscar Sánchez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - R. Luise Krauth-Siegel
- Center of Biochemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rogelio Gớmez-Escobedo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Lenci K. Vázquez-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Rusely Encalada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Alma D. Paz-González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
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Buravchenko GI, Maslov DA, Alam MS, Grammatikova NE, Frolova SG, Vatlin AA, Tian X, Ivanov IV, Bekker OB, Kryakvin MA, Dontsova OA, Danilenko VN, Zhang T, Shchekotikhin AE. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 2-Acyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides as Potential Antimicrobial Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020155. [PMID: 35215268 PMCID: PMC8877263 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance in pathogens leads to a loss of effectiveness of antimicrobials and complicates the treatment of bacterial infections. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides represent a prospective scaffold for search of new compounds with improved chemotherapeutic characteristics. Novel 2-acyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxides with alteration of substituents at position 2 and 6 were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution with piperazine moiety and evaluated against a broad panel of bacteria and fungi by measuring their minimal inhibitory concentrations. Their mode of action was assessed by whole-genomic sequencing of spontaneous drug-resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis mutants, followed by comparative genomic analysis, and on an original pDualrep2 system. Most of the 2-acyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxides showed high antibacterial properties against Gram-positive strains, including mycobacteria, and the introduction of a halogen atom in the position 6 of the quinoxaline ring further increased their activity, with 13c being the most active compound. The mode of action studies confirmed the DNA-damaging nature of the obtained quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides, while drug-resistance may be provided by mutations in redox homeostasis genes, encoding enzymes potentially involved in the activation of the compounds. This study extends views about the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides and can potentially lead to the discovery of new antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina I. Buravchenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (G.I.B.); (N.E.G.); (I.V.I.)
| | - Dmitry A. Maslov
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (S.G.F.); (A.A.V.); (O.B.B.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Md Shah Alam
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (M.S.A.); (X.T.); (T.Z.)
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Svetlana G. Frolova
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (S.G.F.); (A.A.V.); (O.B.B.); (V.N.D.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksey A. Vatlin
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (S.G.F.); (A.A.V.); (O.B.B.); (V.N.D.)
- Institute of Ecology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xirong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (M.S.A.); (X.T.); (T.Z.)
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ivan V. Ivanov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (G.I.B.); (N.E.G.); (I.V.I.)
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125190 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga B. Bekker
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (S.G.F.); (A.A.V.); (O.B.B.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Maxim A. Kryakvin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (O.A.D.)
| | - Olga A. Dontsova
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (O.A.D.)
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143028 Skolkovo, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery N. Danilenko
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (S.G.F.); (A.A.V.); (O.B.B.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (M.S.A.); (X.T.); (T.Z.)
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Andrey E. Shchekotikhin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (G.I.B.); (N.E.G.); (I.V.I.)
- Correspondence:
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Soto-Sánchez J, Ospina-Villa JD. Current status of quinoxaline and quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides derivatives as potential antiparasitic agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:683-699. [PMID: 34289242 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are a public health problem, especially in developing countries where millions of people are affected every year. Current treatments have several drawbacks: emerging resistance to the existing drugs, lack of efficacy, and toxic side effects. Therefore, new antiparasitic drugs are urgently needed to treat and control diseases that affect human health, such as malaria, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, amebiasis, giardiasis schistosomiasis, and filariasis, among others. Quinoxaline is a compound containing a benzene ring and a pyrazine ring. The oxidation of both pyrazine ring nitrogens allows the obtention of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) derivatives. By modifying the chemical structure of these compounds, it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biological properties. This review investigated the activity of quinoxaline derivatives and QdNOs against different protozoan parasites and helminths. We also cover the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and summarize the main findings related to their mechanisms of action from published works in recent years. However, further studies are needed to determine specific molecular targets. This review aims to highlight the new development of antiparasitic drugs with better pharmacological profiles than current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Soto-Sánchez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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6
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Rivera G. Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-Oxide Derivatives: Are They Unselective or Selective Inhibitors? Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:15-25. [PMID: 33573542 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210126142541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, the quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide ring has been considered a privileged structure to develop new antibacterial, antitumoural, and antiprotozoal agents, among others, however its mechanism of action is not clear. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this mini-review was to analyze the mechanism of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives reported as antibacterial, antitumoural and antiprotozoal agents. RESULTS Initially, the mechanism of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives against bacteria, tumoural cell lines, and parasites has been described as nonspecific, but recently, the results against different organisms have shown that these compounds have an inhibitory action on specific targets such as trypanothione reductase, triosephosphate isomerase, and other essential enzymes. CONCLUSION In summary, quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide is a scaffold to develop new anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, antitumoural and antiprotozoal agents, however, understanding the mechanism of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives in each microorganism could contribute to the development of new, and more potent selective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
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Nemeikaitė-Čėnienė A, Šarlauskas J, Misevičienė L, Marozienė A, Jonušienė V, Lesanavičius M, Čėnas N. Aerobic Cytotoxicity of Aromatic N-Oxides: The Role of NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase (NQO1). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228754. [PMID: 33228195 PMCID: PMC7699506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of tirapazamine and other heteroaromatic N-oxides (ArN→O) exhibit tumoricidal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal activities, which are typically attributed to bioreductive activation and free radical generation. In this work, we aimed to clarify the role of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in ArN→O aerobic cytotoxicity. We synthesized 9 representatives of ArN→O with uncharacterized redox properties and examined their single-electron reduction by rat NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase (P-450R) and Plasmodium falciparum ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase (PfFNR), and by rat NQO1. NQO1 catalyzed both redox cycling and the formation of stable reduction products of ArN→O. The reactivity of ArN→O in NQO1-catalyzed reactions did not correlate with the geometric average of their activity towards P-450R- and PfFNR, which was taken for the parameter of their redox cycling efficacy. The cytotoxicity of compounds in murine hepatoma MH22a cells was decreased by antioxidants and the inhibitor of NQO1, dicoumarol. The multiparameter regression analysis of the data of this and a previous study (DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184602) shows that the cytotoxicity of ArN→O (n = 18) in MH22a and human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells increases with the geometric average of their reactivity towards P-450R and PfFNR, and with their reactivity towards NQO1. These data demonstrate that NQO1 is a potentially important target of action of heteroaromatic N-oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aušra Nemeikaitė-Čėnienė
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių St. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Jonas Šarlauskas
- Institute of Biochemistry of Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.Š.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Lina Misevičienė
- Institute of Biochemistry of Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.Š.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Audronė Marozienė
- Institute of Biochemistry of Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.Š.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Violeta Jonušienė
- Institute of Biosciences of Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Mindaugas Lesanavičius
- Institute of Biochemistry of Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.Š.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Narimantas Čėnas
- Institute of Biochemistry of Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.Š.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-5-223-4392
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Aguilera E, Alvarez G, Cerecetto H, González M. Polypharmacology in the Treatment of Chagas Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4476-4489. [PMID: 29637852 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180410101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The current treatment of Chagas disease is based on monopharmacology where the used drugs have limited efficacy and severe side effects. In order to overcome these limitations, some tools have been described including the development or isolation of new drugs, drug repositioning, and polypharmacology. Here, we review the polypharmacology strategy where compounds belonging to different structural chemotypes were combined in order to affect different biochemical pathways of T. cruzi parasite. Therefore ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, cardiac dysfunction drugs, trypanothione reductase inhibitors, vitamins, between others, were combined looking for new anti-Chagas treatment. Natural products were also used in the application of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Aguilera
- Grupo de Quimica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guzmán Alvarez
- Grupo de Quimica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Moléculas Bioactivas, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Grupo de Quimica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Area de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mercedes González
- Grupo de Quimica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Paucar R, Martín-Escolano R, Moreno-Viguri E, Azqueta A, Cirauqui N, Marín C, Sánchez-Moreno M, Pérez-Silanes S. Rational modification of Mannich base-type derivatives as novel antichagasic compounds: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3902-3917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Bonilla-Ramírez L, Galiano S, Quiliano M, Aldana I, Pabón A. Primaquine-quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide hybrids with action on the exo-erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium induce their effect by the production of reactive oxygen species. Malar J 2019; 18:201. [PMID: 31217011 PMCID: PMC6582477 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The challenge in anti-malarial chemotherapy is based on the emergence of resistance to drugs and the search for medicines against all stages of the life cycle of Plasmodium spp. as a therapeutic target. Nowadays, many molecules with anti-malarial activity are reported. However, few studies about the cellular and molecular mechanisms to understand their mode of action have been explored. Recently, new primaquine-based hybrids as new molecules with potential multi-acting anti-malarial activity were reported and two hybrids of primaquine linked to quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide (PQ–QdNO) were identified as the most active against erythrocytic, exoerythrocytic and sporogonic stages. Methods To further understand the anti-malarial mode of action (MA) of these hybrids, hepg2-CD81 were infected with Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL and treated with PQ–QdNO hybrids during 48 h. After were evaluated the production of ROS, the mitochondrial depolarization, the total glutathione content, the DNA damage and proteins related to oxidative stress and death cell. Results In a preliminary analysis as tissue schizonticidals, these hybrids showed a mode of action dependent on peroxides production, but independent of the activation of transcription factor p53, mitochondrial depolarization and arrest cell cycle. Conclusions Primaquine–quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide hybrids exert their antiplasmodial activity in the exoerythrocytic phase by generating high levels of oxidative stress which promotes the increase of total glutathione levels, through oxidation stress sensor protein DJ-1. In addition, the role of HIF1a in the mode of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide is independent of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bonilla-Ramírez
- Grupo Malaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Medellín, Colombia.,GIEPRONAL, Escuela de Ciencias Básicas Tecnología e Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Medellín, 050012, Colombia
| | - Silvia Galiano
- Institute of Tropical Health (ISTUN), Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Campus Universitario, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Quiliano
- Centre for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 15023, Lima, Peru
| | - Ignacio Aldana
- Institute of Tropical Health (ISTUN), Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Campus Universitario, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adriana Pabón
- Grupo Malaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Medellín, Colombia.
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Paucar R, Martín-Escolano R, Moreno-Viguri E, Cirauqui N, Rodrigues CR, Marín C, Sánchez-Moreno M, Pérez-Silanes S, Ravera M, Gabano E. A step towards development of promising trypanocidal agents: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biological evaluation of ferrocenyl Mannich base-type derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:569-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Scherbakov AM, Borunov AM, Buravchenko GI, Andreeva OE, Kudryavtsev IA, Dezhenkova LG, Shchekotikhin AE. Novel Quinoxaline-2-Carbonitrile-1,4-Dioxide Derivatives Suppress HIF1α Activity and Circumvent MDR in Cancer Cells. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:199-209. [PMID: 29624460 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1453072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-aryl/hetarylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile-1,4-dioxides was synthesized and evaluated against breast cancer cell lines in normoxia and hypoxia. Selected compounds in this series demonstrated better cytotoxicity and comparable hypoxia selectivity than tirapazamine. In contrast to Dox, quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides showed potent cytotoxicity against different MDR cells. Compound 2g inhibits of cancer cell growth through p53-independent mechanisms. Our results showed that compound 2g sensitized MCF-7 cells to metformin in hypoxia. Treatment with 2g results in the increase of ROS accumulation in cancer cells. Compound 2g can be considered as the lead compound for further anticancer drug design, evaluation, and development of new potent antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Scherbakov
- a Department of Experimental Tumor Biology , Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology , Moscow , Russia
| | - Alexander M Borunov
- b Laboratory of Chemical Transformations of Antibiotics , Gause Institute of New Antibiotics , Moscow , Russia.,c Organic Chemistry Department , Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Moscow , Russia
| | - Galina I Buravchenko
- b Laboratory of Chemical Transformations of Antibiotics , Gause Institute of New Antibiotics , Moscow , Russia.,c Organic Chemistry Department , Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Moscow , Russia
| | - Olga E Andreeva
- a Department of Experimental Tumor Biology , Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology , Moscow , Russia
| | - Igor A Kudryavtsev
- a Department of Experimental Tumor Biology , Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology , Moscow , Russia
| | - Lyubov G Dezhenkova
- b Laboratory of Chemical Transformations of Antibiotics , Gause Institute of New Antibiotics , Moscow , Russia
| | - Andrey E Shchekotikhin
- b Laboratory of Chemical Transformations of Antibiotics , Gause Institute of New Antibiotics , Moscow , Russia.,c Organic Chemistry Department , Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Moscow , Russia
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Quinoxaline: An insight into the recent pharmacological advances. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:542-557. [PMID: 29207337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quinoxaline, a fused heterocycle of benzene and pyrazine rings has gained considerable attention in the field of contemporary medicinal chemistry. The moiety is of substantial importance because of its wide array of pharmacological activities viz. anti-cancer, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-HIV etc. Diversely substituted quinoxalines are important therapeutic agents in the pharmaceutical industry. This review focusses on the quinoxaline derivatives developed during the last decennial period and their biomedical applications. A compilation of patents on quinoxaline is also included herein.
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Makhova NN, Rakitin OA. Furoxans fused with heterocycles as promising donors and precursors for nitric oxide donors (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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dos Santos Fernandes GF, Moreno-Viguri E, Santivañez-Veliz M, Paucar R, Chin CM, Pérez-Silanes S, dos Santos JL. A Comparative Study of Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxideN-acylhydrazones Derivatives Designed as Antitubercular Drug Candidates. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Felipe dos Santos Fernandes
- Institute of Chemistry; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Araraquara 14800060 Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Araraquara 14800903 Brazil
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Universidad de Navarra; Pamplona 31008 Spain
| | - Elsa Moreno-Viguri
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Universidad de Navarra; Pamplona 31008 Spain
| | - Mery Santivañez-Veliz
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Universidad de Navarra; Pamplona 31008 Spain
| | - Rocio Paucar
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Universidad de Navarra; Pamplona 31008 Spain
| | - Chung Man Chin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Araraquara 14800903 Brazil
| | - Silvia Pérez-Silanes
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Universidad de Navarra; Pamplona 31008 Spain
| | - Jean Leandro dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Araraquara 14800060 Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Araraquara 14800903 Brazil
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Design and synthesis of novel quinoxaline derivatives as potential candidates for treatment of multidrug-resistant and latent tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016. [PMID: 27025343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.066.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four quinoxaline derivatives were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity using BacTiter-Glo microbial cell viability assay. Five compounds showed MIC values <3.1 μM and IC50 values<1.5 μM in primary screening and therefore, they were moved on for further evaluation. Compounds 21 and 18 stand out, showing MIC values of 1.6 μM and IC50 values of 0.5 and 1.0 μM, respectively. Both compounds were the most potent against three evaluated drug-resistant strains. Moreover, they exhibited intracellular activity in infected macrophages, considering log-reduction and cellular viability. In addition, compounds 16 and 21 were potent against non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and compound 21 was bactericidal. Therefore, quinoxaline derivatives could be considered for making further advances in the future development of antimycobacterial agents.
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Santivañez-Veliz M, Pérez-Silanes S, Torres E, Moreno-Viguri E. Design and synthesis of novel quinoxaline derivatives as potential candidates for treatment of multidrug-resistant and latent tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2188-93. [PMID: 27025343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four quinoxaline derivatives were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity using BacTiter-Glo microbial cell viability assay. Five compounds showed MIC values <3.1 μM and IC50 values<1.5 μM in primary screening and therefore, they were moved on for further evaluation. Compounds 21 and 18 stand out, showing MIC values of 1.6 μM and IC50 values of 0.5 and 1.0 μM, respectively. Both compounds were the most potent against three evaluated drug-resistant strains. Moreover, they exhibited intracellular activity in infected macrophages, considering log-reduction and cellular viability. In addition, compounds 16 and 21 were potent against non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and compound 21 was bactericidal. Therefore, quinoxaline derivatives could be considered for making further advances in the future development of antimycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Santivañez-Veliz
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Silanes
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Torres
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elsa Moreno-Viguri
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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