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Das R, Dash PP, Bishoyi AK, Mohanty P, Mishra L, Prusty L, Sahoo CR, Padhy RN, Mishra M, Sahoo H, Sahoo SK, Sethi SK, Jali BR. Antibacterial and cytotoxicity studies of pyrrolo-based organic scaffolds and their binding interaction with bovine serum albumin. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03187-4. [PMID: 38829386 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Two pyrrolo-based compounds, 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (L1) and 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (L2), were employed for the detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic methods in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7). In the presence of L1 and L2, the fluorescence emission of BSA at 340 nm was quenched and concomitantly a red-shifted emission band appeared at 420 nm (L1)/450 nm (L2). The fluorescence spectral changes indicate the protein-ligand complex formation between BSA and L1/L2. An isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiment was conducted to determine the binding ability between BSA and L1/L2. The binding constants are found to be 4.45 ± 0.22 × 104 M-1 for L1 and 2.29 ± 0.11 × 104 M-1 for L2, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated from ITC measurements (i.e. ∆rH = -40 ± 2 kcal/mol, ∆rG = -4.57 ± 0.22 kcal/mol and -T∆rS = 35.4 ± 1.77 kcal/mol), which indicated that the protein-ligand complex formation between L1/L2 with BSA is mainly due to the electrostatic interactions. The protein-ligand interactions were studied by performing molecular docking. Further, the antibacterial assay of L1 and L2 was conducted against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains in an effort to address the difficulties caused by the co-occurrence of antimicrobial and multidrug-resistant bacteria. E. coli and S. aureus were significantly inhibited by L1 and L2. The L1 exhibits 13, 12 and 15 mm, whereas L2 exhibits a 2, 3 and 5 mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus, S. pyogenes and E. coli, respectively. In silico molecular docking of L1 and L2 was performed with bacterial DNA gyrase to establish the intermolecular interactions. Finally, the in vitro cytotoxicity activities of the ligands L1 and L2 have been carried out using drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalin Das
- School of Biotechnology, Gangadhar Meher University, Sambalpur, 768001, Odisha, India
| | - Pragyan P Dash
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India
| | - Ajit K Bishoyi
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Patitapaban Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India
| | - Lokanath Mishra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Laxmipriya Prusty
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Chita R Sahoo
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Rabindra N Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Harekrushna Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, SV National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Santosh K Sethi
- School of Biotechnology, Gangadhar Meher University, Sambalpur, 768001, Odisha, India.
| | - Bigyan R Jali
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India.
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Tariq S, Rahim F, Ullah H, Sarfraz M, Hussain R, Khan S, Khan MU, Rehman W, Hussain A, Bhat MA, Farooqi MK, Shah SAA, Iqbal N. Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling of Benzimidazole-Based Pyrrole/Piperidine Hybrids Derivatives as Potential Anti-Alzheimer Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:410. [PMID: 38675373 PMCID: PMC11053857 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole-based pyrrole/piperidine analogs (1-26) were synthesized and then screened for their acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities. All the analogs showed good to moderate cholinesterase activities. Synthesized compounds (1-13) were screened in cholinesterase enzyme inhibition assays and showed AChE activities in the range of IC50 = 19.44 ± 0.60 µM to 36.05 ± 0.4 µM against allanzanthane (IC50 = 16.11 ± 0.33 µM) and galantamine (IC50 = 19.34 ± 0.62 µM) and varied BuChE inhibitory activities, with IC50 values in the range of 21.57 ± 0.61 µM to 39.55 ± 0.03 µM as compared with standard allanzanthane (IC50 = 18.14 ± 0.05 µM) and galantamine (IC50 = 21.45 ± 0.21 µM). Similarly, synthesized compounds (14-26) were also subjected to tests to determine their in vitro AChE inhibitory activities, and the results obtained corroborated that all the compounds showed varied activities in the range of IC50 = 22.07 ± 0.13 to 42.01 ± 0.02 µM as compared to allanzanthane (IC50 = 20.01 ± 0.12 µM) and galantamine (IC50 = 18.05 ± 0.31 µM) and varied BuChE inhibitory activities, with IC50 values in the range of 26.32 ± 0.13 to 47.03 ± 0.15 µM as compared to standard allanzanthane (IC50 = 18.14 ± 0.05 µM) and galantamine (IC50 = 21.45 ± 0.21 µM). Binding interactions of the most potent analogs were confirmed through molecular docking studies. The active analogs 2, 4, 10 and 13 established numerous interactions with the active sites of targeted enzymes, with docking scores of -10.50, -9.3, -7.73 and -7.8 for AChE and -8.97, -8.2, -8.20 and -7.6 for BuChE, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan; (S.T.); (R.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan; (S.T.); (R.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan;
| | - Maliha Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Toba Tek Singh, Toba Tek Singh 36080, Pakistan;
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan; (S.T.); (R.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad 22500, Pakistan;
| | - Misbah Ullah Khan
- Center for Nanosciences, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan;
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan; (S.T.); (R.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan;
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Kamran Farooqi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan;
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Feitosa LM, Franca RRF, Ferreira MDLG, Aguiar ACC, de Souza GE, Maluf SEC, de Souza JO, Zapata L, Duarte D, Morais I, Nogueira F, Nonato MC, Pinheiro LCS, Guido RVC, Boechat N. Discovery of new piperaquine hybrid analogs linked by triazolopyrimidine and pyrazolopyrimidine scaffolds with antiplasmodial and transmission blocking activities. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116163. [PMID: 38290351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there were 247 million malaria cases in 2021 worldwide, representing an increase in 2 million cases compared to 2020. The urgent need for the development of new antimalarials is underscored by specific criteria, including the requirement of new modes of action that avoid cross-drug resistance, the ability to provide single-dose cures, and efficacy against both assexual and sexual blood stages. Motivated by the promising results obtained from our research group with [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives, we selected these molecular scaffolds as the foundation for designing two new series of piperaquine analogs as potential antimalarial candidates. The initial series of hybrids was designed by substituting one quinolinic ring of piperaquine with the 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine nucleus. To connect the heterocyclic systems, spacers with 3, 4, or 7 methylene carbons were introduced at the 4 position of the quinoline. In the second series, we used piperazine as a spacer to link the 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine group to the quinoline core, effectively merging both pharmacophoric groups via a rigid spacer. Our research efforts yielded promising compounds characterized by low cytotoxicity and selectivity indices exceeding 1570. These compounds displayed potent in vitro inhibitory activity in the low nanomolar range against the erythrocytic form of the parasite, encompassing both susceptible and resistant strains. Notably, these compounds did not show cross-resistance with either chloroquine or established P. falciparum inhibitors. Even though they share a pyrazolo- or triazolo-pyrimidine core, enzymatic inhibition assays revealed that these compounds had minimal inhibitory effects on PfDHODH, indicating a distinct mode of action unrelated to targeting this enzyme. We further assessed the compounds' potential to interfere with gametocyte and ookinete infectivity using mature P. falciparum gametocytes cultured in vitro. Four compounds demonstrated significant gametocyte inhibition ranging from 58 % to 86 %, suggesting potential transmission blocking activity. Finally, we evaluated the druggability of these new compounds using in silico methods, and the results indicated that these analogs had favorable physicochemical and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties. In summary, our research has successfully identified and characterized new piperaquine analogs based on [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffolds and has demonstrated their potential as promising candidates for the development of antimalarial drugs with distinct mechanisms of action, considerable selectivity, and P. falciparum transmission blocking activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia M Feitosa
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Rodrigo F Franca
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes G Ferreira
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anna C C Aguiar
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. João Dagnone, 1.100, Jd. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, 04023-062, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme E de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. João Dagnone, 1.100, Jd. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah El Chamy Maluf
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. João Dagnone, 1.100, Jd. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana O de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. João Dagnone, 1.100, Jd. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana Zapata
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Center for the Research and Advancement of Fragments and Molecular Targets (CRAFT), Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Duarte
- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ines Morais
- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fatima Nogueira
- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - M Cristina Nonato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Center for the Research and Advancement of Fragments and Molecular Targets (CRAFT), Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz C S Pinheiro
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Departamento de Ciências, Rua Dr. Francisco Portela, 1470, Patronato, 24435-005, São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rafael V C Guido
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. João Dagnone, 1.100, Jd. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Sharma B, Agarwal A, Awasthi SK. Is structural hybridization invoking new dimensions for antimalarial drug discovery research? RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1227-1253. [PMID: 37484560 PMCID: PMC10357931 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00083d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite effective prevention methods, malaria is a devastating, persistent infection caused by protozoal parasites that result in nearly half a million fatalities annually. Any progress made thus far in the eradication of the disease is jeopardized by the expansion of malaria parasites that have evolved to become resistant to a wide range of drugs, including first-line therapy. To surmount this significant obstacle, it is necessary to develop newly synthesized drugs with multiple modes of action that may have a novel target in various stages of Plasmodium parasite development and this is made possible by the hybridization concept. Hybridization is the combination of at least two diverse pharmacophore units with some linkers bringing about a single molecule with a diverse mode of action. It intensifies a drug's physiological and chemical characteristics, such as absorption, cellular target contact, metabolism, excretion, distribution, and toxicity. This review article outlines the currently published most potent hybrid drugs against the Plasmodium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Sharma
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - Alka Agarwal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Satish Kumar Awasthi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
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Araujo-Lima CF, de Cassia Castro Carvalho R, Rosario SL, Leite DI, Aguiar ACC, de Souza Santos LV, de Araujo JS, Salomão K, Kaiser CR, Krettli AU, Bastos MM, Aiub CAF, de Nazaré Correia Soeiro M, Boechat N, Felzenszwalb I. Antiplasmodial, Trypanocidal, and Genotoxicity In Vitro Assessment of New Hybrid α,α-Difluorophenylacetamide-statin Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:782. [PMID: 37375730 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins present a plethora of pleiotropic effects including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial responses. A,α-difluorophenylacetamides, analogs of diclofenac, are potent pre-clinical anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs. Molecular hybridization based on the combination of pharmacophoric moieties has emerged as a strategy for the development of new candidates aiming to obtain multitarget ligands. METHODS Considering the anti-inflammatory activity of phenylacetamides and the potential microbicidal action of statins against obligate intracellular parasites, the objective of this work was to synthesize eight new hybrid compounds of α,α-difluorophenylacetamides with the moiety of statins and assess their phenotypic activity against in vitro models of Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma cruzi infection besides exploring their genotoxicity safety profile. RESULTS None of the sodium salt compounds presented antiparasitic activity and two acetated compounds displayed mild anti-P. falciparum effect. Against T. cruzi, the acetate halogenated hybrids showed moderate effect against both parasite forms relevant for human infection. Despite the considerable trypanosomicidal activity, the brominated compound revealed a genotoxic profile impairing future in vivo testing. CONCLUSIONS However, the chlorinated derivative was the most promising compound with chemical and biological profitable characteristics, without presenting genotoxicity in vitro, being eligible for further in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernando Araujo-Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, LBC Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, LabMut Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, IBRAG-UERJ, Rio de Janeiro 22050-020, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto Biomédico-UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 20211-030, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Castro Carvalho
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, PGQu, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandra Loureiro Rosario
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Debora Inacio Leite
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, ICB-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anna Caroline Campos Aguiar
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, CPqRR-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Vitoria de Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, LabMut Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, IBRAG-UERJ, Rio de Janeiro 22050-020, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Kelly Salomão
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, LBC Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roland Kaiser
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, PGQu, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antoniana Ursine Krettli
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, CPqRR-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Monica Macedo Bastos
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia Alessandra Fortes Aiub
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto Biomédico-UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 20211-030, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Nubia Boechat
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Israel Felzenszwalb
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, LabMut Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, IBRAG-UERJ, Rio de Janeiro 22050-020, RJ, Brazil
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Araujo-Lima CF, Carvalho RDCC, Peres RB, Fiuza LFDA, Galvão BVD, Castelo-Branco FS, Bastos MM, Boechat N, Felzenszwalb I, Soeiro MDNC. In silico and in vitro assessment of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi efficacy, genotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of pentasubstituted pyrrolic Atorvastatin-aminoquinoline hybrid compounds. Acta Trop 2023; 242:106924. [PMID: 37037291 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Atorvastatin (AVA) is a third-generation statin with several pleiotropic effects, considered the last synthetic pharmaceutical blockbuster. Recently, our group described the effects of AVA on DNA damage prevention and against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and in silico pharmacokinetic profile of four hybrids of aminoquinolines with AVA 4a-d against T. cruzi using in vitro and in silico models. These synthetic compounds were designed by hybridization of the pentapyrrolic moiety of AVA with the aminoquinolinic unit of chloroquine or primaquine. Pharmacokinetics (ADME) and toxicity parameters were predicted by SwissADME, admetSAR and LAZAR in silico algorithms. The trypanocidal activity of AVA-quinoline hybrids were evaluated in vitro against amastigotes and trypomastigotes of T. cruzi, from Y (Tc II) and Tulahuen (Tc VI) strains. In vitro cardiocytotoxicity was assessed using primary cultures of mouse embryonic cardiac cells and in vitro hepatocytotoxicity on bidimensional and 3D-cultured HepG2 cells. Genotoxicity was evaluated by Ames test and micronucleus assay. Despite the overall good in silico ADMET profile, all tested compounds were predicted to be hepatotoxic. All hybrid derivatives presented high trypanocidal activity, against both trypomastigote and intracellular forms of T. cruzi, presenting EC50's lower than 1 µM besides superior selectivity than the reference drug, without evidences of cardiotoxicity in vitro. The compounds 4a and 4b presented a time-dependent toxicity in monolayer culture of HepG2 but no detectable toxic effects in their spheroids, opposing to the in silico prediction. We can conclude that the AVA-aminoquinoline hybrids presented a hit profile as antiparasitic agents in synthetic pharmaceutical innovation platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernando Araujo-Lima
- Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis, Department of Biophysics and Biometry, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Rio de Janeiro State Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Castro Carvalho
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos- LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raiza Brandão Peres
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Verena Dias Galvão
- Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis, Department of Biophysics and Biometry, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Frederico S Castelo-Branco
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos- LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mônica Macedo Bastos
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos- LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos- LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Israel Felzenszwalb
- Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis, Department of Biophysics and Biometry, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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7
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Pandey AR, Singh SP, Joshi P, Srivastav KS, Srivastava S, Yadav K, Chandra R, Bisen AC, Agrawal S, Sanap SN, Bhatta RS, Tripathi R, Barthwal MK, Sashidhara KV. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel pyrrole-hydroxybutenolide hybrids as promising antiplasmodial and anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115340. [PMID: 37054559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuance of novel scaffolds with promising antiplasmodial and anti-inflammatory activity, a series of twenty-one compounds embraced with most promising penta-substituted pyrrole and biodynamic hydroxybutenolide in single skeleton was designed and synthesized. These pyrrole-hydroxybutenolide hybrids were evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum parasite. Four hybrids 5b, 5d, 5t and 5u exhibited good activity with IC50 of 0.60, 0.88, 0.97 and 0.96 μM for chloroquine sensitive (Pf3D7) strain and 3.92, 4.31, 4.21 and 1.67 μM for chloroquine resistant (PfK1) strain, respectively. In vivo efficacy of 5b, 5d, 5t and 5u was studied against the P. yoelii nigeriensis N67 (a chloroquine-resistant) parasite in Swiss mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 4 days via oral route. 5u was found to show maximum 100% parasite inhibition with considerably increased mean survival time. Simultaneously, the series of compounds was screened for anti-inflammatory potential. In preliminary assays, nine compounds showed more than 85% inhibition in hu-TNFα cytokine levels in LPS stimulated THP-1 monocytes and seven compounds showed more than 40% decrease in fold induction in reporter gene activity analyzed via Luciferase assay. 5p and 5t were found to be most promising amongst the series, thus were taken up for further in vivo studies. Wherein, mice pre-treated with them showed a dose dependent inhibition in carrageenan induced paw swelling. Moreover, the results of in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that the synthesized pyrrole-hydroxybutenolide conjugates abide by the required criteria for the development of orally active drug and thus this scaffold can be used as pharmacologically active framework that should be considered for the development of potential antiplasmodial and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Raj Pandey
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Suriya Pratap Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Prince Joshi
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Kunwar Satyadeep Srivastav
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Smriti Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Kanchan Yadav
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Renu Tripathi
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Barthwal
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, U.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India.
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8
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Yadav M, Kumar A, Lal K, Singh MB, Kumari K. Facile synthesis, antimicrobial screening and docking studies of pyrrole-triazole hybrids as potential antimicrobial agents. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Ivan BC, Barbuceanu SF, Hotnog CM, Anghel AI, Ancuceanu RV, Mihaila MA, Brasoveanu LI, Shova S, Draghici C, Olaru OT, Nitulescu GM, Dinu M, Dumitrascu F. New Pyrrole Derivatives as Promising Biological Agents: Design, Synthesis, Characterization, In Silico, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8854. [PMID: 36012121 PMCID: PMC9408590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study describes the synthesis, physicochemical characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation of a new series of pyrrole derivatives in order to identify new bioactive molecules. The new pyrroles were obtained by reaction of benzimidazolium bromide derivatives with asymmetrical acetylenes in 1,2-epoxybutane under reflux through the Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition of several ylide intermediates to the corresponding dipolarophiles. The intermediates salts were obtained from corresponding benzimidazole with bromoacetonitrile. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, spectral techniques (i.e., IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated on plant cells (i.e., Triticum aestivum L.) and animal cells using aquatic crustaceans (i.e., Artemia franciscana Kellogg and Daphnia magna Straus). The potential antitumor activity of several of the pyrrole derivatives was studied by performing in vitro cytotoxicity assays on human adenocarcinoma-derived cell lines (i.e., LoVo (colon), MCF-7 (breast), and SK-OV-3 (ovary)) and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The obtained results of the cytotoxicity assessment indicated that the tested compounds had nontoxic activity on Triticum aestivum L., while on Artemia franciscana Kellogg nauplii, only compounds 2c and 4c had moderate toxicity. On Daphnia magna, 4b and 4c showed high toxicity; 2a, 2b, and 2c moderate to high toxicity; only 4a and 4d were nontoxic. The compound-mediated cytotoxicity assays showed that several pyrrole compounds demonstrated dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic activity against all tested tumor cell lines, the highest antitumor properties being achieved by 4a and its homologue 4d, especially against LoVo colon cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice-Cristina Ivan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefania-Felicia Barbuceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Mia Hotnog
- Center of Immunology, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 285 Mihai Bravu Ave., 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Iuliana Anghel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Robert Viorel Ancuceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Antonela Mihaila
- Center of Immunology, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 285 Mihai Bravu Ave., 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lorelei Irina Brasoveanu
- Center of Immunology, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 285 Mihai Bravu Ave., 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Draghici
- “C.D. Nenitescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry Romanian Academy, 202B Splaiul Independenței, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Mihai Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florea Dumitrascu
- “C.D. Nenitescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry Romanian Academy, 202B Splaiul Independenței, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
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10
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He JP, Zhan ZZ, Luo N, Zhang MM, Huang GS. Direct synthesis of 2,3,5-trisubstituted pyrroles via copper-mediated one-pot multicomponent reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9831-9835. [PMID: 33245315 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01952f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a copper-mediated one-pot synthesis of 2,3,5-trisubstituted pyrroles from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and acrylates using ammonium acetate as a nitrogen source. The reaction achieves C-C and C-N bond formation and provides an efficient approach to access highly functionalized pyrroles without further raw material preparation. This method is operationally simple, compatible with a wide range of functional groups, and provides the target products in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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11
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Boechat N, Carvalho RCC, Ferreira MDLG, Coutinho JP, Sa PM, Seito LN, Rosas EC, Krettli AU, Bastos MM, Pinheiro LCS. Antimalarial and anti-inflammatory activities of new chloroquine and primaquine hybrids: Targeting the blockade of malaria parasite transmission. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115832. [PMID: 33166927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a disease that requires new drugs not only to fight Plasmodium but also to reduce symptoms of infection such as fever and inflammation. A series of 21 hybrid compounds were designed from chloroquine (CQ) and primaquine (PQ) linked to the pharmacophoric group present in phenylacetic anti-inflammatory drugs. These compounds were designed to have dual activity: namely, to be capable of killing Plasmodium and still act on the inflammatory process caused by malaria infection. The compounds were assayed with nine different biological methods. The carbonylated CQ derivative 6 (n = 3; R1 = Cl) was more potent than CQ in vitro, and 8 (n = 4; R1 = H) reduced P. berghei parasitemia up to 37% on day 7. The carbonylated PQ derivative 17 (R = Br) was slightly less potent than PQ. The gem-difluoro PQ derivative 20 (R = Cl) exhibited high transmission blockade of the malaria sporogonic cycle in mosquitoes. Compounds 6 and 20 dose-dependently reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and inhibited TNFα production by LPS-stimulated J774A.1 macrophages. Our results indicate a viable and interesting approach in planning new chemical entities that act as transmission-blocking drugs for treating malaria caused by P. falciparum and P. vivax and the anti-inflammatory process related to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nubia Boechat
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-250, Brazil.
| | - Rita C C Carvalho
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes G Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Julia Penna Coutinho
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, CPqRR - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Paula M Sa
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Leonardo N Seito
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Rosas
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
| | - Antoniana U Krettli
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, CPqRR - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Monica M Bastos
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Luiz C S Pinheiro
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-250, Brazil
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12
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Silveira FF, de Souza JO, Hoelz LVB, Campos VR, Jabor VAP, Aguiar ACC, Nonato MC, Albuquerque MG, Guido RVC, Boechat N, Pinheiro LCS. Comparative study between the anti-P. falciparum activity of triazolopyrimidine, pyrazolopyrimidine and quinoline derivatives and the identification of new PfDHODH inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112941. [PMID: 33158577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we designed and synthesized 35 new triazolopyrimidine, pyrazolopyrimidine and quinoline derivatives as P. falciparum inhibitors (3D7 strain). Thirty compounds exhibited anti-P. falciparum activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.030 to 9.1 μM. The [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives were more potent than the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and quinoline analogues. Compounds 20, 21, 23 and 24 were the most potent inhibitors, with IC50 values in the range of 0.030-0.086 μM and were equipotent to chloroquine. In addition, the compounds were selective, showing no cytotoxic activity against the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. All [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives inhibited PfDHODH activity in the low micromolar to low nanomolar range (IC50 values of 0.08-1.3 μM) and did not show significant inhibition against the HsDHODH homologue (0-30% at 50 μM). Molecular docking studies indicated the binding mode of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives to PfDHODH, and the highest interaction affinities for the PfDHODH enzyme were in agreement with the in vitro experimental evaluation. Thus, the most active compounds against P. falciparum parasites 20 (R = CF3, R1 = F; IC50 = 0.086 μM), 21 (R = CF3; R1 = CH3; IC50 = 0.032 μM), 23, (R = CF3, R1 = CF3; IC50 = 0.030 μM) and 24 (R = CF3, 2-naphthyl; IC50 = 0.050 μM) and the most active inhibitor against PfDHODH 19 (R = CF3, R1 = Cl; IC50 = 0.08 μM - PfDHODH) stood out as new lead compounds for antimalarial drug discovery. Their potent in vitro activity against P. falciparum and the selective inhibition of the PfDHODH enzyme strongly suggest that this is the mechanism of action underlying this series of new [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia F Silveira
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, PGQu Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana O de Souza
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1.100, Jd. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas V B Hoelz
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Vinícius R Campos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valquíria A P Jabor
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna C C Aguiar
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1.100, Jd. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M Cristina Nonato
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Magaly G Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, PGQu Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael V C Guido
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1.100, Jd. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, PGQu Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Luiz C S Pinheiro
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brazil.
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13
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Mamedov VA, Khafizova EA, Algaeva NE, Latypov SK, Sinyashin OG. Acid-Catalyzed Multicomponent Rearrangements via 2-((Quinoxalin-3(4 H)-on-2-yl)(aryl)methylene)malononitriles, Generated In Situ, for Divergent Synthesis of Pyrroles with Different Substitution Patterns. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9887-9904. [PMID: 32588636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New three-component domino reactions, providing divergent approaches to multifunctionalized pyrroles with different substitution patterns, have been established (47 examples). In this work, a new rearrangement of quinoxalinones with the participation of the in situ-generated 2-en-1-imine moiety of the substituent at C3 makes it possible to construct two new heterocyclic systems, namely, a benzimidazolone and a pyrrole, simultaneously under one-pot reaction conditions. The reaction is easy to perform simply by mixing three common reactants of acetic acid with heating. Secondary amines or primary alcohols as the third component of the reaction, along with quinoxalin-3(4H)-ones and malononitrile, not only initiate the rearrangement but also are responsible for the nature of substituents at position 5 of the pyrrole ring in the newly formed new biheterocyclic system. The reaction proceeds smoothly and can be finished within 7 h, which makes workup convenient to give up to 97% chemical yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vakhid A Mamedov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Khafizova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya E Algaeva
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Shamil K Latypov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg G Sinyashin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
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14
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Joshi MC, Egan TJ. Quinoline Containing Side-chain Antimalarial Analogs: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Application. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:617-697. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200127141550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The side-chains of quinoline antimalarial agents are the major concern of focus to build
novel and efficaciaous bioactive and clinical antimalarials. Bioative antimalarial analogs may play a
critical role in pH trapping in the food vacuole of RBC’s with the help of fragmented amino acid, thus
lead to β-hematin inhibition. Here, the authors tried to summarize a useful, comprehensive compilation
of side-chain modified ACQs along with their synthesis, biophysical and therapeutic applications etc.
of potent antiplasmodial agents and therefore, opening the door towards the potential clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh C. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru College, Benito Juarez Marg, South Campus, University of Delhi, New Delhi- 110021, India
| | - Timothy J. Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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15
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Zorc B, Perković I, Pavić K, Rajić Z, Beus M. Primaquine derivatives: Modifications of the terminal amino group. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111640. [PMID: 31472472 PMCID: PMC7126120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous modifications of the well-known antimalarial drug primaquine, both at the quinoline ring and at the primary amino group, have been reported, mostly to obtain antimalarial agents with improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity and/or prolonged activity. Modifications of the terminal amino group were made with the main idea to prevent the metabolic pathway leading to inactive and toxic carboxyprimaquine (follow-on strategy), but also to get compounds with different activity (repurposing strategy). The modifications undertaken until 2009 were included in a review published in the same year. The present review covers various classes of primaquine N-derivatives with diverse biological profiles, prepared in the last decade by our research group as well as the others. We have summarized the synthetic procedures applied for their preparation and discussed the main biological results. Several hits for the development of novel antiplasmodial, anticancer, antimycobacterial and antibiofilm agents were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Zorc
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Perković
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Pavić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Beus
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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C. S. Pinheiro L, M. Feitosa L, O. Gandi M, F. Silveira F, Boechat N. The Development of Novel Compounds Against Malaria: Quinolines, Triazolpyridines, Pyrazolopyridines and Pyrazolopyrimidines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224095. [PMID: 31766184 PMCID: PMC6891514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on medicinal chemistry tools, new compounds for malaria treatment were designed. The scaffolds of the drugs used to treat malaria, such as chloroquine, primaquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine and sulfadoxine, were used as inspiration. We demonstrated the importance of quinoline and non-quinoline derivatives in vitro with activity against the W2 chloroquine-resistant (CQR) Plasmodium falciparum clone strain and in vivo against Plasmodium berghei-infected mouse model. Among the quinoline derivatives, new hybrids between chloroquine and sulfadoxine were designed, which gave rise to an important prototype that was more active than both chloroquine and sulfadoxine. Hybrids between chloroquine-atorvastatin and primaquine-atorvastatin were also synthesized and shown to be more potent than the parent drugs alone. Additionally, among the quinoline derivatives, new mefloquine derivatives were synthesized. Among the non-quinoline derivatives, we obtained excellent results with the triazolopyrimidine nucleus, which gave us prototype I that inspired the synthesis of new heterocycles. The pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives stood out as non-quinoline derivatives that are potent inhibitors of the P. falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) enzyme. We also examined the pyrazolopyridine and pyrazolopyrimidine nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C. S. Pinheiro
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil (L.M.F.); (M.O.G.); (F.F.S.)
| | - Lívia M. Feitosa
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil (L.M.F.); (M.O.G.); (F.F.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, PPGFQM, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Marilia O. Gandi
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil (L.M.F.); (M.O.G.); (F.F.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, PPGFQM, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Flávia F. Silveira
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil (L.M.F.); (M.O.G.); (F.F.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, PGQu Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil (L.M.F.); (M.O.G.); (F.F.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, PPGFQM, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, PGQu Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-3977-2464
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Feng LS, Xu Z, Chang L, Li C, Yan XF, Gao C, Ding C, Zhao F, Shi F, Wu X. Hybrid molecules with potential in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activity against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:931-971. [PMID: 31692025 DOI: 10.1002/med.21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a tropical disease, leading to around half a million deaths annually. Antimalarials such as quinolines are crucial to fight against malaria, but malaria control is extremely challenged by the limited pipeline of effective pharmaceuticals against drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum which are resistant toward almost all currently accessible antimalarials. To tackle the growing resistance, new antimalarial drugs are needed urgently. Hybrid molecules which contain two or more pharmacophores have the potential to overcome the drug resistance, and hybridization of quinoline privileged antimalarial building block with other antimalarial pharmacophores may provide novel molecules with enhanced in vitro and in vivo activity against drug-resistant (including multidrug-resistant) P falciparum. In recent years, numerous of quinoline hybrids were developed, and their activities against a panel of drug-resistant P falciparum strains were screened. Some of quinoline hybrids were found to possess promising in vitro and in vivo potency. This review emphasized quinoline hybrid molecules with potential in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activity against drug-resistant P falciparum, covering articles published between 2010 and 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi Xu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Le Chang
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Li
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Feng Shi
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
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18
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Narula AK, Azad CS, Nainwal LM. New dimensions in the field of antimalarial research against malaria resurgence. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Marella A, Verma G, Shaquiquzzaman M, Khan MF, Akhtar W, Alam MM. Malaria Hybrids: A Chronological Evolution. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1144-1177. [PMID: 30887923 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190315100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Malaria, an upsetting malaise caused by a diverse class of Plasmodium species affects about 40% of the world's population. The distress associated with it has reached colossal scales owing to the development of resistance to most of the clinically available agents. Hence, the search for newer molecules for malaria treatment and cure is an incessant process. After the era of a single molecule for malaria treatment ended, there was an advent of combination therapy. However, lately there had been reports of the development of resistance to many of these agents as well. Subsequently, at present most of the peer groups working on malaria treatment aim to develop novel molecules, which may act on more than one biological processes of the parasite life cycle, and these scaffolds have been aptly termed as Hybrid Molecules or Double Drugs. These molecules may hold the key to hitherto unknown ways of showing a detrimental effect on the parasite. This review enlists a few of the recent advances made in malaria treatment by these hybrid molecules in a sequential manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garima Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Md Shaquiquzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Md Faraz Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Md Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
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20
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Rogerio KR, Graebin CS, Pinto Domingues LH, Oliveira LS, de Souza Fernandes da Silva V, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Carvalho LJM, Boechat N. Novel Quinolinyl-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2,5-dione Derivatives Against Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 20:99-110. [PMID: 31648638 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191019100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this work DHPMs were combined with the quinoline nucleus to obtain new quinolinyl-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2,5-dione compounds with improved antiplasmodial activity as well as decreased cytotoxicity. Nineteen quinolinyl-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2,5-dione derivatives connected by a linker group to quinolone ring moieties with different substituents were synthesized and assayed against P. falciparum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen quinolinyl-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2,5-dione derivatives connected by a linker group to quinoline ring moieties with different substituents were synthesized and assayed against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, along with the reference drug chloroquine. Among these compounds, the derivatives with two methylene carbon spacers showed the best activity accompanied by low cytotoxicity. RESULTS The derivative without substituents on the aromatic ring (2a) and the derivative with a chlorine group at position 4 (2d) provided the best results, with IC50 = 1.15 µM and 1.5 µM, respectively. CONCLUSION Compared to the parent drugs, these compounds presented marked decreases in cytotoxicity, with MDL50 values over 1,000 µM and selectivity indexes of >869.5 and >666.6, respectively. The quinolinyl-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2,5-dione framework appears to be promising for further studies as an antimalarial for overcoming the burden of resistance in P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Rodrigues Rogerio
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, PGQu Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Malaria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cedric Stephan Graebin
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Quimica, Laboratorio de Diversidade Molecular e Quimica Medicinal, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiza Helena Pinto Domingues
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Quimica, Laboratorio de Diversidade Molecular e Quimica Medicinal, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana Santos Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Malaria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitoria de Souza Fernandes da Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Quimica, Laboratorio de Diversidade Molecular e Quimica Medicinal, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo J M Carvalho
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Malaria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, PGQu Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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21
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Combination Therapy Strategies for the Treatment of Malaria. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193601. [PMID: 31591293 PMCID: PMC6804225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a vector- and blood-borne infection that is responsible for a large number of deaths around the world. Most of the currently used antimalarial therapeutics suffer from drug resistance. The other limitations associated with the currently used antimalarial drugs are poor drug bioavailability, drug toxicity, and poor water solubility. Combination therapy is one of the best approaches that is currently used to treat malaria, whereby two or more therapeutic agents are combined. Different combination therapy strategies are used to overcome the aforementioned limitations. This review article reports two strategies of combination therapy; the incorporation of two or more antimalarials into polymer-based carriers and hybrid compounds designed by hybridization of two antimalarial pharmacophores.
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Repurposing Strategy of Atorvastatin against Trypanosoma cruzi: In Vitro Monotherapy and Combined Therapy with Benznidazole Exhibit Synergistic Trypanocidal Activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00979-18. [PMID: 29987140 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00979-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis, but other biological properties, such as antimicrobial effects, have also been assigned to them, leading to their designation as pleiotropic agents. Our goal was to investigate the activity and selectivity of atorvastatin (AVA) against Trypanosoma cruzi by using in vitro models, aiming for more effective and safer therapeutic options through drug repurposing proposals for monotherapy and therapy in combination with benznidazole (BZ). Phenotypic screening was performed with different strains (Tulahuen [discrete typing unit {DTU} VI] and Y [DTU II]) and forms (intracellular forms, bloodstream trypomastigotes, and tissue-derived trypomastigotes) of the parasite. On assay of the Tulahuen strain, AVA was more active against intracellular amastigotes (selectivity index [SI] = 3). Also, against a parasite of another DTU (Y strain), this statin was more active (2.1-fold) and selective (2.4-fold) against bloodstream trypomastigotes (SI = 51) than against the intracellular forms (SI = 20). A cytomorphological approach using phalloidin-rhodamine permitted us to verify that AVA did not induced cell density reduction and that cardiac cells (CC) maintained their typical cytoarchitecture. Combinatory approaches using fixed-ratio methods showed that AVA and BZ gave synergistic interactions against both trypomastigotes and intracellular forms (mean sums of fractional inhibitory concentration indexes [∑FICIs] of 0.46 ± 0.12 and 0.48 ± 0.03, respectively). Thus, the repurposing strategy for AVA, especially in combination with BZ, which leads to a synergistic effect, is encouraging for future studies to identify novel therapeutic protocols for Chagas disease treatment.
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Ahmad S, Alam O, Naim MJ, Shaquiquzzaman M, Alam MM, Iqbal M. Pyrrole: An insight into recent pharmacological advances with structure activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:527-561. [PMID: 30119011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole is a heterocyclic ring template with multiple pharmacophores that provides a way for the generation of library of enormous lead molecules. Owing to its vast pharmacological profile, pyrrole and its analogues have drawn much attention of the researchers/chemists round the globe to be explored exhaustively for the benefit of mankind. This review focusses on recent advancements; pertaining to pyrrole scaffold, discussing various aspects of structure activity relationship and its bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujauddin Ahmad
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India.
| | - Mohd Javed Naim
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India
| | - M Mumtaz Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Synthesis and anti-Plasmodium falciparum evaluation of novel pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hu YQ, Gao C, Zhang S, Xu L, Xu Z, Feng LS, Wu X, Zhao F. Quinoline hybrids and their antiplasmodial and antimalarial activities. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:22-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Are Antimalarial Hybrid Molecules a Close Reality or a Distant Dream? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00249-17. [PMID: 28289029 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00249-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains has led to a situation of haste in the scientific and pharmaceutical communities. Hence, all their efforts are redirected toward finding alternative chemotherapeutic agents that are capable of combating multidrug-resistant parasite strains. In light of this situation, scientists have come up with the concept of hybridization of two or more active pharmacophores into a single chemical entity, resulting in "antimalarial hybrids." The approach has been applied widely for generation of lead compounds against deadly diseases such as cancer and AIDS, with a proven potential for use as novel drugs, but is comparatively new in the sphere of antimalarial drug discovery. A sudden surge has been evidenced in the number of studies on the design and synthesis of hybrids for treating malaria and may be regarded as proof of their potential advantages over artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). However, it is evident from recent studies that most of the potential advantages of antimalarial hybrids, such as lower toxicity, better pharmacokinetics, and easier formulation, have yet to be realized. A number of questions left unaddressed at present need to be answered before this approach can progress to the late stages of clinical development and prove their worth in the clinic. To the best of our knowledge, this compilation is the first attempt to shed light on the shortcomings that are surfacing as more and more studies on molecular hybridization of the active pharmacophores of known antimalarials are being published.
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Gao Y, Hu C, Wan JP, Wen C. Metal-free cascade reactions of aldehydes and primary amines for the synthesis of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrroles. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Design, synthesis and anti-P. falciparum activity of pyrazolopyridine–sulfonamide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4492-4498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Meyer AU, Berger AL, König B. Metal-free C–H sulfonamidation of pyrroles by visible light photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10918-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Blue light and catalytic amounts of an acridinium dye are sufficient for the C–H sulfamidation of pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Uwe Meyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Anna Lucia Berger
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
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