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Péraldi-Roux S, Bayle M, M'Kadmi C, Damian M, Vaillé J, Fernandez G, Paula Cornejo M, Marie J, Banères JL, Ben Haj Salah K, Fehrentz JA, Cantel S, Perello M, Denoyelle S, Oiry C, Neasta J. Design and Characterization of a Triazole-Based Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Modulator Inhibiting the Glucoregulatory and Feeding Actions of Ghrelin. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Giorgioni G, Del Bello F, Quaglia W, Botticelli L, Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Piergentili A. Advances in the Development of Nonpeptide Small Molecules Targeting Ghrelin Receptor. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3098-3118. [PMID: 35157454 PMCID: PMC8883476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is an octanoylated peptide acting by the activation of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, namely, GHS-R1a. The involvement of ghrelin in several physiological processes, including stimulation of food intake, gastric emptying, body energy balance, glucose homeostasis, reduction of insulin secretion, and lipogenesis validates the considerable interest in GHS-R1a as a promising target for the treatment of numerous disorders. Over the years, several GHS-R1a ligands have been identified and some of them have been extensively studied in clinical trials. The recently resolved structures of GHS-R1a bound to ghrelin or potent ligands have provided useful information for the design of new GHS-R1a drugs. This perspective is focused on the development of recent nonpeptide small molecules acting as GHS-R1a agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists, bearing classical or new molecular scaffolds, as well as on radiolabeled GHS-R1a ligands developed for imaging. Moreover, the pharmacological effects of the most studied ligands have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - E Micioni Di Bonaventura
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - M V Micioni Di Bonaventura
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Haj Salah KB, Maingot M, Blayo AL, M'Kadmi C, Damian M, Mary S, Cantel S, Neasta J, Oiry C, Péraldi-Roux S, Fernandez G, Romero GG, Perello M, Marie J, Banères JL, Fehrentz JA, Denoyelle S. Development of Nonpeptidic Inverse Agonists of the Ghrelin Receptor (GHSR) Based on the 1,2,4-Triazole Scaffold. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10796-10815. [PMID: 32882134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
GHSR controls, among others, growth hormone and insulin secretion, adiposity, feeding, and glucose metabolism. Therefore, an inverse agonist ligand capable of selectively targeting GHSR and reducing its high constitutive activity appears to be a good candidate for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases. In this context, we present a study that led to the development of several highly potent and selective inverse agonists of GHSR based on the 1,2,4-triazole scaffold. We demonstrate that, depending on the nature of the substituents on positions 3, 4, and 5, this scaffold leads to ligands that exert an intrinsic inverse agonist activity on GHSR-catalyzed G protein activation through the stabilization of a specific inactive receptor conformation. Thanks to an in vivo evaluation, we also show that one of the most promising ligands not only exerts an effect on insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets but also affects the orexigenic effects of ghrelin in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathieu Maingot
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Blayo
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Céline M'Kadmi
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Marjorie Damian
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Mary
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Cantel
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémie Neasta
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Oiry
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Péraldi-Roux
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Romero
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Jacky Marie
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Denoyelle
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Structure and dynamics of G protein-coupled receptor-bound ghrelin reveal the critical role of the octanoyl chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17525-17530. [PMID: 31416915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin plays a central role in controlling major biological processes. As for other G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) peptide agonists, the structure and dynamics of ghrelin bound to its receptor remain obscure. Using a combination of solution-state NMR and molecular modeling, we demonstrate that binding to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor is accompanied by a conformational change in ghrelin that structures its central region, involving the formation of a well-defined hydrophobic core. By comparing its acylated and nonacylated forms, we conclude that the ghrelin octanoyl chain is essential to form the hydrophobic core and promote access of ghrelin to the receptor ligand-binding pocket. The combination of coarse-grained molecular dynamics studies and NMR should prove useful in improving our mechanistic understanding of the complex conformational space explored by a natural peptide agonist when binding to its GPCR. Such information should also facilitate the design of new ghrelin receptor-selective drugs.
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Daina A, Giuliano C, Pietra C, Wang J, Chi Y, Zou Z, Li F, Yan Z, Zhou Y, Guainazzi A, Garcia Rubio S, Zoete V. Rational Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel Ghrelin Receptor Inverse Agonists as Potential Treatment against Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11039-11060. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Daina
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Research and Preclinical Development Department, Helsinn Healthcare, CH-6912 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pietra
- Research and Preclinical Development Department, Helsinn Healthcare, CH-6912 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Junbo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Sundia MediTech, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yushi Chi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Sundia MediTech, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zack Zou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Sundia MediTech, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fugang Li
- Department of Discovery Biology, HD Biosciences, 590 Ruiqing Road Zhangjiang East Campus, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Zhonghua Yan
- Department of Discovery Biology, HD Biosciences, 590 Ruiqing Road Zhangjiang East Campus, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Discovery Biology, HD Biosciences, 590 Ruiqing Road Zhangjiang East Campus, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Angelo Guainazzi
- Research and Development Department, Helsinn Therapeutics (US), Inc., Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United-States
| | - Silvina Garcia Rubio
- Research and Development Department, Helsinn Therapeutics (US), Inc., Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United-States
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Lausanne University, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Route de la Corniche 9A, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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Ben Haj Salah K, Legrand B, Bibian M, Wenger E, Fehrentz JA, Denoyelle S. Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3- a]piperazin-6-ones: An Approach to the Triazole-Fused Ketopiperazine Scaffold. Org Lett 2018; 20:3250-3254. [PMID: 29763330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A stereoconservative synthesis to access the triazole-fused ketopiperazine (TKP) scaffold is presented. This underexplored platform offers a wide range of structural modulations with several points of diversity and chiral centers. A series of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a]piperazin-6-ones was synthesized from optically pure dipeptides. The methodology was then successfully applied to access the pyrrolo[1,2- a]triazolo[3,4- c]piperazin-6-one tricycle. Importantly, the crystal structures of representative TKPs confirmed that the configuration of the chiral centers was controlled during the synthetic route and facilitated description of the orientation of the substituents depending on their nature and position on the TKP scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoubaib Ben Haj Salah
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier , CNRS, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie , 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - Baptiste Legrand
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier , CNRS, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie , 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - Mathieu Bibian
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier , CNRS, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie , 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - Emmanuel Wenger
- CRM2 (UMR UL-CNRS 7036), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies , Université de Lorraine , 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier , CNRS, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie , 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - Séverine Denoyelle
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier , CNRS, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie , 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
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