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Zala AR, Tiwari R, Naik HN, Ahmad I, Patel H, Jauhari S, Kumari P. Design and synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine linked hybrids as α-amylase inhibitors: molecular docking, MD simulation, ADMET and antidiabetic screening. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1681-1695. [PMID: 37344700 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Novel pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the α-amylase enzyme in order to treat diabetes. In vitro antidiabetic analysis demonstrated excellent antidiabetic action for compounds 5b, 6c, 7a, and 7b, with IC50 values in the 0.252-0.281 mM range. At a 200 μg/mL concentration, the exceptional percent inhibition values for compounds 5a, 5b, 5d, and 6a varied from 97.79 ± 2.86% to 85.56 ± 4.13% overperforming the standard (acarbose). Molecular docking of all compounds performed with Bacillus paralicheniformis α-amylase enzyme. The most active compounds via in vitro and non-toxic via in silico ADMET and molecular docking analysis, hybrids 6c, 7a, and 7b displayed binding affinity from - 8.2 and - 8.5 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamic simulations of most active compound 5b and 7a investigated into the active sites of the Bacillus paralicheniformis α-amylase enzyme for a 100-ns indicating the stability of hybrid-protein complex. Consistent RGyr values for the two complexes under study further suggest that the system's proteins are closely packed in the dynamic state. Synthesized analogs' in vitro biological assessments, ADMET, molecular docking, and MD modelling reveal that 5b, 6c, 7a, and 7b hybrid analogs may be employed in the development of future antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajayrajsinh R Zala
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
| | - Ramgopal Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
| | - Hem N Naik
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424002, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Smita Jauhari
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
| | - Premlata Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India.
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Komkov AV, Sukhanova AА, Menchikov LG, Zavarzin IV. о-Aminopyrimidine Aldehydes and Ketones: Synthesis and use as Precursors to Fused Pyrimidines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-022-03141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Multicomponent synthesis and anti-proliferative screening of biaryl triazole-containing cyclophanes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127899. [PMID: 33722739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a practical two-step approach involving a Ugi 4-CR/ azide-alkyne cycloaddition for the synthesis of biaryl-containing cyclophanes. The series represents an extension of our previously reported macrocycles as an effort to enhance the anti-proliferative activity of this scaffold. In this variant, we incorporate a biphenyl moiety in the framework, thus enhancing the macrocycle size, lipophilicity, and structural diversity. Macrocycles were tested against different cell lines, being more cytotoxic against prostate (PC-3 and DU-145) and breast (MCF-7) tumor cells. Gratifyingly, the most active compound showed a significative enhancement of PC-3 growth inhibition with respect to our previous series, reaffirming the potential anti-proliferative activity of this kind of cyclophanes.
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Musumeci F, Greco C, Giacchello I, Fallacara AL, Ibrahim MM, Grossi G, Brullo C, Schenone S. An Update on JAK Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1806-1832. [PMID: 29589523 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180327093502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) are a family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, composed by four members, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2. JAKs are involved in different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as in malignancies, through the activation of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. Furthermore, the V617F mutation in JAK2 was identified in patients affected by myeloproliferative neoplasms. This knowledge prompted researchers from academia and pharmaceutical companies to investigate this field in order to discover small molecule JAK inhibitors. These efforts recently afforded to the market approval of four JAK inhibitors. Despite the fact that all these drugs are pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives, many compounds endowed with different heterocyclic scaffolds have been reported in the literature as selective or multi-JAK inhibitors, and a number of them is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review we will report many representative compounds that have been published in articles or patents in the last five years (period 2013-2017). The inhibitors will be classified on the basis of their chemical structure, focusing, when possible, on their structure activity relationships, selectivity and biological activity. For every class of derivatives, compounds disclosed before 2013 that have entered clinical trials will also be briefly reported, to underline the importance of a particular chemical scaffold in the search for new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giacchello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Fallacara
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Munjed M Ibrahim
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955-Makkah Al- Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giancarlo Grossi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Hosseininasab N, Davoodnia A, Rostami-Charati F, Tavakoli-Hoseini N, Khojastehnezhad A. Synthesis of New Pyrimido[4′,5′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,2-b
]phthalazine-4,7,12-triones: Derivatives of a New Heterocyclic Ring System. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amir Khojastehnezhad
- Young Researchers Club and Elites, Mashhad Branch; Islamic Azad University; Mashhad Iran
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Vazirimehr S, Davoodnia A, Beyramabadi SA, Nakhaei-Moghaddam M, Tavakoli-Hoseini N. Two new pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidines (7-deazapurines): ultrasonic-assisted synthesis, experimental and theoretical characterizations as well as antibacterial evaluation. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2017-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two new pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (7-deazapurines) were synthesized in high yields by the reaction of 2-amino-1-methyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile with triethyl orthoformate followed by cyclocondensation with methyl or benzyl amine in refluxing glacial acetic acid or using ultrasonic irradiation containing a catalytic amount of glacial acetic acid at 60°C. For each product, the correct structural isomer was identified using the FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy spectral and microanalytical data together with comparison of the experimental and calculated chemical shifts at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) by the agar dilution method using 24-well microtiter plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Vazirimehr
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch , Islamic Azad University , Mashhad , I.R. Iran
| | - Abolghasem Davoodnia
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch , Islamic Azad University , Mashhad , I.R. Iran , e-mail:
| | - S. Ali Beyramabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch , Islamic Azad University , Mashhad , I.R. Iran
| | | | - Niloofar Tavakoli-Hoseini
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch , Islamic Azad University , Mashhad , I.R. Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , I.R. Iran
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