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Alniss HY, Kemp BM, Holmes E, Hoffmann J, Ploch RM, Ramadan WS, Msallam YA, Al-Jubeh HM, Madkour MM, Celikkaya BC, Scott FJ, El-Awady R, Parkinson JA. Spectroscopic, biochemical and computational studies of bioactive DNA minor groove binders targeting 5'-WGWWCW-3' motif. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107414. [PMID: 38733748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Spectroscopic, biochemical, and computational modelling studies have been used to assess the binding capability of a set of minor groove binding (MGB) ligands against the self-complementary DNA sequences 5'-d(CGCACTAGTGCG)-3' and 5'-d(CGCAGTACTGCG)-3'. The ligands were carefully designed to target the DNA response element, 5'-WGWWCW-3', the binding site for several nuclear receptors. Basic 1D 1H NMR spectra of the DNA samples prepared with three MGB ligands show subtle variations suggestive of how each ligand associates with the double helical structure of both DNA sequences. The variations among the investigated ligands were reflected in the line shape and intensity of 1D 1H and 31P-{1H} NMR spectra. Rapid visual inspection of these 1D NMR spectra proves to be beneficial in providing valuable insights on MGB binding molecules. The NMR results were consistent with the findings from both UV DNA denaturation and molecular modelling studies. Both the NMR spectroscopic and computational analyses indicate that the investigated ligands bind to the minor grooves as antiparallel side-by-side dimers in a head-to-tail fashion. Moreover, comparisons with results from biochemical studies offered valuable insights into the mechanism of action, and antitumor activity of MGBs in relation to their structures, essential pre-requisites for future optimization of MGBs as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Y Alniss
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Bryony M Kemp
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Elizabeth Holmes
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Joanna Hoffmann
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Rafal M Ploch
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yousef A Msallam
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadeel M Al-Jubeh
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moustafa M Madkour
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bekir C Celikkaya
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Fraser J Scott
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - John A Parkinson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK.
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2
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Alniss HY, Al-Jubeh HM, Msallam YA, Siddiqui R, Makhlouf Z, Ravi A, Hamdy R, Soliman SSM, Khan NA. Structure-based drug design of DNA minor groove binders and evaluation of their antibacterial and anticancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116440. [PMID: 38678825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial and chemotherapy resistance are escalating medical problem of paramount importance. Yet, research for novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents remains lagging behind. With their reported medical applications, DNA minor groove binders (MGBs) are worthy of exploration. In this study, the approach of structure-based drug design was implemented to generate 11 MGB compounds including a novel class of bioactive alkyne-linked MGBs. The NCI screening protocol was utilized to evaluate the antitumor activity of the target MGBs. Furthermore, a variety of bactericidal, cytopathogenicity, MIC90, and cytotoxicity assays were carried out using these MGBs against 6 medically relevant bacteria: Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Moreover, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, DNA melting, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analyses were utilized to explore the binding mode and interactions between the most potent MGBs and the DNA duplex d(CGACTAGTCG)2. NCI results showed that alkyne-linked MGBs (26 & 28) displayed the most significant growth inhibition among the NCI-60 panel. In addition, compounds MGB3, MGB4, MGB28, and MGB32 showed significant bactericidal effects, inhibited B. cereus and S. enterica-mediated cytopathogenicity, and exhibited low cytotoxicity. MGB28 and MGB32 demonstrated significant inhibition of S. pyogenes, whereas MGB28 notably inhibited S. marcescens and all four minor groove binders significantly inhibited B. cereus. The ability of these compounds to bind with DNA and distort its groove dimensions provides the molecular basis for the allosteric perturbation of proteins-DNA interactions by MGBs. This study shed light on the mechanism of action of MGBs and revealed the important structural features for their antitumor and antibacterial activities, which are important to guide future development of MGB derivatives as novel antibacterial and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Y Alniss
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hadeel M Al-Jubeh
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yousef A Msallam
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Zinb Makhlouf
- College of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anil Ravi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rania Hamdy
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naveed A Khan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey.
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3
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Tentellino C, Tipping WJ, McGee LMC, Bain LM, Wetherill C, Laing S, Tyson-Hirst I, Suckling CJ, Beveridge R, Scott FJ, Faulds K, Graham D. Ratiometric imaging of minor groove binders in mammalian cells using Raman microscopy. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1403-1415. [PMID: 36544571 PMCID: PMC9709774 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative drug imaging in live cells is a major challenge in drug discovery and development. Many drug screening techniques are performed in solution, and therefore do not consider the impact of the complex cellular environment in their result. As such, important features of drug-cell interactions may be overlooked. In this study, Raman microscopy is used as a powerful technique for semi-quantitative imaging of Strathclyde-minor groove binders (S-MGBs) in mammalian cells under biocompatible imaging conditions. Raman imaging determined the influence of the tail group of two novel minor groove binders (S-MGB-528 and S-MGB-529) in mammalian cell models. These novel S-MGBs contained alkyne moieties which enabled analysis in the cell-silent region of the Raman spectrum. The intracellular uptake concentration, distribution and mechanism were evaluated as a function of the pK a of the tail group, morpholine and amidine, for S-MGB-528 and S-MGB-529, respectively. Although S-MGB-529 had a higher binding affinity to the minor groove of DNA in solution-phase measurements, the Raman imaging data indicated that S-MGB-528 showed a greater degree of intracellular accumulation. Furthermore, using high resolution stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, the initial localisation of S-MGB-528 was shown to be in the nucleus before accumulation in the lysosome, which was demonstrated using a multimodal imaging approach. This study highlights the potential of Raman spectroscopy for semi-quantitative drug imaging studies and highlights the importance of imaging techniques to investigate drug-cell interactions, to better inform the drug design process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tentellino
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - William J. Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of StrathclydeGlasgow G1 1RDUK
| | - Leah M. C. McGee
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Laura M. Bain
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Corinna Wetherill
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Stacey Laing
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Izaak Tyson-Hirst
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Rebecca Beveridge
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Fraser J. Scott
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
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4
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Effects of N-terminus modified Hx-amides on DNA binding affinity, sequence specificity, cellular uptake, and gene expression. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 47:128158. [PMID: 34058343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Five X-HxIP (Hx-amides) 6a-e, in which the N-terminus p-anisyl moiety is modified, were designed and synthesised with the purpose of optimising DNA binding, improving cellular uptake/nuclear penetration, and enhancing the modulation of the topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) gene expression. The modifications include a fluorophenyl group and other heterocycles bearing different molecular shapes, size, and polarity. Like their parent compound HxIP 3, all five X-HxIP analogues bind preferentially to their cognate sequence 5'-TACGAT-3', which is found embedded on the 5' flank of the inverted CCAAT box-2 (ICB2) site in the TOP2A gene promoter, and inhibit protein complex binding. Interestingly, the 4-pyridyl analog 6a exhibits greater binding affinity for the target DNA sequence and abolishes the protein:ICB2 interaction in vitro, at a lower concentration, compared to the prototypical compound HxIP 3. Analogues 6b-e, display improved DNA sequence specificity, but reduced binding affinity for the cognate sequence, relative to the unmodified HxIP 3, with polyamides 6b and 6e being the most sequence selective. However, unlike 3 and 6b, 6a was unable to enter cells, access the nucleus and thereby affect TOP2A gene expression in confluent human lung cancer cells. These results show that while DNA binding affinity and sequence selectivity are important, consideration of cellular uptake and concentration in the nucleus are critical when exerting biological activity is the desired outcome. By characterising the DNA binding, cellular uptake and gene regulatory properties of these small molecules, we can elucidate the determinants of the elicited biological activity, which can be impacted by even small structural modifications in the polyamide molecular design.
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5
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Nafie MS, Arafa K, Sedky NK, Alakhdar AA, Arafa RK. Triaryl dicationic DNA minor-groove binders with antioxidant activity display cytotoxicity and induce apoptosis in breast cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 324:109087. [PMID: 32294457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer treatment modalities, DNA still stands as one of the targets for anticancer agents. DNA minor groove binders (MGBs) represent an important investigational chemotherapeutic class with promising cytotoxic capacity. Herein this study reports the potent cytotoxic effect of a series of repurposed flexible bis-imidamides 1-4, triaryl bis-guanidine 5 and bis-N-substituted guanidines 6,7 having a 1,4-diphenoxybenzene scaffold backbone on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Of these compounds, imidamide 4 was chosen for further in-vitro, in-vivo and molecular dynamics (MD) studies owing to its promising anti-tumor activity, with IC50 values on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines of 1.9 and 2.08 μM, respectively. Annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis assay revealed apoptosis induction on imidamide 4 treated MCF-7 cells. RT-PCR assay results demonstrated the proapoptotic effect of compound 4 through increase of mRNA levels of the pro-apoptotic genes; p53, PUMA, and Bax, and inhibiting the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, compound 4 induced a G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 in a dose-dependent manner. Corroborating in-vivo experiments on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice, reflected the anticancer strength of derivative 4. For further target validation, molecular dynamics (MD) studies demonstrated an energetically favorable binding of imidamide 4 with the DNA minor groove AT rich site. In effect, imidamide 4 can be viewed as a promising hit dicationic compound with good cytotoxic and apoptotic inducing activity against breast cancer that can be adopted for future optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Nafie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Kholoud Arafa
- Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada K Sedky
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, East Kantara Branch, New City, El Ismailia, 41611, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira A Alakhdar
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem K Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Cairo, Egypt; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Cairo, Egypt.
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6
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Alniss HY, Witzel II, Semreen MH, Panda PK, Mishra YK, Ahuja R, Parkinson JA. Investigation of the Factors That Dictate the Preferred Orientation of Lexitropsins in the Minor Groove of DNA. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10423-10440. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Y. Alniss
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ini-Isabée Witzel
- Core Technology Platform, New York University of Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120, Uppsala Sweden
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120, Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Materials and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - John A. Parkinson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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7
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Nichol RJO, Khalaf AI, Sooda K, Hussain O, Griffiths HBS, Phillips R, Javid FA, Suckling CJ, Allison SJ, Scott FJ. Selective in vitro anti-cancer activity of non-alkylating minor groove binders. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1620-1634. [PMID: 32952999 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cytotoxic agents which act through a DNA-alkylating mechanism are relatively non-specific, resulting in a small therapeutic window and thus limiting their effectiveness. In this study, we evaluate a panel of 24 non-alkylating Strathclyde Minor Groove Binders (S-MGBs), including 14 novel compounds, for in vitro anti-cancer activity against a human colon carcinoma cell line, a cisplatin-sensitive ovarian cancer cell line and a cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line. A human non-cancerous retinal epithelial cell line was used to measure selectivity of any response. We have identified several S-MGBs with activities comparable to cis-platin and carboplatin, but with better in vitro selectivity indices, particularly S-MGB-4, S-MGB-74 and S-MGB-317. Moreover, a comparison of the cis-platin resistant and cis-platin sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines reveals that our S-MGBs do not show cross resistance with cisplatin or carboplatin and that they likely have a different mechanism of action. Finally, we present an initial investigation into the mechanism of action of one compound from this class, S-MGB-4, demonstrating that neither DNA double strand breaks nor the DNA damage stress sensor protein p53 are induced. This indicates that our S-MGBs are unlikely to act through an alkylating or DNA damage response mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J O Nichol
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences , School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Abedawn I Khalaf
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , WestCHEM , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK .
| | - Kartheek Sooda
- Department of Pharmacy , School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Omar Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy , School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Hollie B S Griffiths
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences , School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Roger Phillips
- Department of Pharmacy , School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Farideh A Javid
- Department of Pharmacy , School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Colin J Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , WestCHEM , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK .
| | - Simon J Allison
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences , School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Fraser J Scott
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , WestCHEM , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK .
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8
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Rahman A, O'Sullivan P, Rozas I. Recent developments in compounds acting in the DNA minor groove. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 10:26-40. [PMID: 30774852 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00425k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The macromolecule that carries genetic information, DNA, is considered as an exceptional target for diseases depending on cellular division of malignant cells (i.e. cancer), microbes (i.e. bacteria) or parasites (i.e. protozoa). To aim for a comprehensive review to cover all aspects related to DNA targeting would be an impossible task and, hence, the objective of the present review is to present, from a medicinal chemistry point of view, recent developments of compounds targeting the minor groove of DNA. Accordingly, we discuss the medicinal chemistry aspects of heterocyclic small-molecules binding the DNA minor groove, as novel anticancer, antibacterial and antiparasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi Rahman
- School of Chemistry , Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , 152-160-Pearse Street , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
| | - Patrick O'Sullivan
- School of Chemistry , Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , 152-160-Pearse Street , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
| | - Isabel Rozas
- School of Chemistry , Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , 152-160-Pearse Street , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Y. Alniss
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Bhaduri S, Ranjan N, Arya DP. An overview of recent advances in duplex DNA recognition by small molecules. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1051-1086. [PMID: 29977379 PMCID: PMC6009268 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the carrier of genetic information, the DNA double helix interacts with many natural ligands during the cell cycle, and is amenable to such intervention in diseases such as cancer biogenesis. Proteins bind DNA in a site-specific manner, not only distinguishing between the geometry of the major and minor grooves, but also by making close contacts with individual bases within the local helix architecture. Over the last four decades, much research has been reported on the development of small non-natural ligands as therapeutics to either block, or in some cases, mimic a DNA–protein interaction of interest. This review presents the latest findings in the pursuit of novel synthetic DNA binders. This article provides recent coverage of major strategies (such as groove recognition, intercalation and cross-linking) adopted in the duplex DNA recognition by small molecules, with an emphasis on major works of the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli 122003, India
| | - Dev P Arya
- NUBAD, LLC, 900B West Faris Rd., Greenville 29605, SC, USA.,Clemson University, Hunter Laboratory, Clemson 29634, SC, USA
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11
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Scott FJ, Nichol RJO, Khalaf AI, Giordani F, Gillingwater K, Ramu S, Elliott A, Zuegg J, Duffy P, Rosslee MJ, Hlaka L, Kumar S, Ozturk M, Brombacher F, Barrett M, Guler R, Suckling CJ. An evaluation of Minor Groove Binders as anti-fungal and anti-mycobacterial therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:561-572. [PMID: 28544982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study details the synthesis and biological evaluation of a collection of 19 structurally related Minor Groove Binders (MGBs), derived from the natural product distamycin, which were designed to probe antifungal and antimycobacterial activity. From this initial set, we report several MGBs that are worth more detailed investigation and optimisation. MGB-4, MGB-317 and MGB-325 have promising MIC80s of 2, 4 and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively, against the fungus C. neoformans.MGB-353 and MGB-354 have MIC99s of 3.1 μM against the mycobacterium M. tuberculosis. The selectivity and activity of these compounds is related to their physicochemical properties and the cell wall/membrane characteristics of the infective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser J Scott
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Ryan J O Nichol
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Abedawn I Khalaf
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Giordani
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Gillingwater
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Soumya Ramu
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery (CO-ADD), Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alysha Elliott
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery (CO-ADD), Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Johannes Zuegg
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery (CO-ADD), Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paula Duffy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael-Jon Rosslee
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Lerato Hlaka
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Santosh Kumar
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Michael Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Reto Guler
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Colin J Suckling
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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