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Jadranin M, Savić D, Lupšić E, Podolski-Renić A, Pešić M, Tešević V, Milosavljević S, Krstić G. LC-ESI QToF MS Non-Targeted Screening of Latex Extracts of Euphorbia seguieriana ssp. seguieriana Necker and Euphorbia cyparissias and Determination of Their Potential Anticancer Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4181. [PMID: 38140508 PMCID: PMC10747863 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia seguieriana ssp. seguieriana Necker (ES) and Euphorbia cyparissias (EC) with a habitat in the Deliblato Sands were the subject of this examination. The latexes of these so far insufficiently investigated species of the Euphorbia genus are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds and warts on the skin. To determine their chemical composition, non-targeted screening of the latexes' chloroform extracts was performed using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry employing an electrospray ionization source (LC-ESI QTOF MS). The analysis of the obtained results showed that the latexes of ES and EC represent rich sources of diterpenes, tentatively identified as jatrophanes, ingenanes, tiglianes, myrsinanes, premyrsinanes, and others. Examination of the anticancer activity of the ES and EC latex extracts showed that both extracts significantly inhibited the growth of the non-small cell lung carcinoma NCI-H460 and glioblastoma U87 cell lines as well as of their corresponding multi-drug resistant (MDR) cell lines, NCI-H460/R and U87-TxR. The obtained results also revealed that the ES and EC extracts inhibited the function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in MDR cancer cells, whose overexpression is one of the main mechanisms underlying MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Jadranin
- University of Belgrade—Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danica Savić
- University of Belgrade—Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ema Lupšić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (E.L.); (A.P.-R.); (M.P.)
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (E.L.); (A.P.-R.); (M.P.)
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (E.L.); (A.P.-R.); (M.P.)
| | - Vele Tešević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Slobodan Milosavljević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (S.M.)
- Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Krstić
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (S.M.)
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Song K, Li M, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhu Q, Liu J, Wang A. Trigonostemon species in south China: Insights on its chemical constituents towards pharmacological applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114504. [PMID: 34371116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE The Euphorbiaceae family, which contains about 300 genera and more than 5000 species, is widely distributed in different regions. Trigonostemon genus comprises a wide group of tropical and temperate plants belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. This genus includes at least 50 species throughout tropical Asia, extending from India and Sri Lanka to New Guinea. They have been employed by local populations for the treatment of asthma, poisonous snake bites, and food poisoning. AIM OF THE REVIEW The main aim of the review is to critically analyze the reported traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Trigonostemon species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scientific databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, CNKI, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library and SciFinder, were searched using keywords such as "Trigonostemon", "South China", "chemical constituents", or "traditional use". Thus, available articles from 2000 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This paper provides systematic data that Trigonostemon species possess a diverse phytochemical composition, (including diterpenes, alkaloids, coumarins, lignins, sesquiterpenes, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols) found in different plant organs. Research on Trigonostemon plants has revealed critical therapeutic properties, such as antiviral, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal activities. CONCLUSIONS It is envisaged that the current review will add value to more scientific research on Trigonostemon species and enhance/promote the increased interest in the sustainable use of Trigonostemon species as well as lead to the validation of unverified ethnobotanical claims. Future studies on Trigonostemon species would focus on establishing the links between the traditional uses, active compounds and reported pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Meichen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yuqian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Fengxian Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, 201499, PR China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Andong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China.
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Minhas R, Bansal Y, Bansal G. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors: A comprehensive update. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:823-855. [PMID: 31502681 DOI: 10.1002/med.21636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is expressed in response to bacterial/proinflammatory stimuli, generates nitric oxide (NO) that provides cytoprotection. Overexpression of iNOS increases the levels of NO, and this increased NO level is implicated in pathophysiology of complex multifactorial diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Selective inhibition of iNOS is an effective approach in treatment of such complex diseases. l-Arginine, being a substrate for iNOS, is the natural lead to develop iNOS inhibitors. More than 200 research reports on development of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors by different research groups across the globe have appeared in literature so far. The first review on iNOS, in 2002, discussed the iNOS inhibitors under two classes that is, amino acid and non-amino acid derivatives. Other review articles discussing specific chemical classes of iNOS inhibitors also appeared during last decade. In the present review, all reports on both natural and synthetic iNOS inhibitors, published 2002 onwards, are studied, classified, and discussed to provide comprehensive information on iNOS inhibitors. The synthetic inhibitors are broadly classified into two categories that is, arginine and non-arginine analogs. The latter are further classified into amidines, five- or six-membered heterocyclics, fused cyclics, steroidal type, and chalcones analogs. Structures of the most/significantly potent compounds from each report are provided to know the functional groups important for incurring iNOS inhibitory activity and selectivity. This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive view to the medicinal chemists for rational designing of novel and potent iNOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Minhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Xi Y, An L, Yang X, Song Z, Zhang J, Tuerhong M, Jin DQ, Ohizumi Y, Lee D, Xu J, Guo Y. NO inhibitory phytochemicals as potential anti-inflammatory agents from the twigs of Trigonostemon heterophyllus. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:417-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang CS, Han SQ, Wang X, Zhou T, Dong XY, Bo P. RRLC-DAD-ESI-MS based and bioactivity guided phytochemical analysis and separation of coumarins from raw extracts of Trigonostemon lutescens. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 169:293-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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YANG GX, MA GL, LI H, HUANG T, XIONG J, HU JF. Advanced natural products chemistry research in China between 2015 and 2017. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:881-906. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lutescins A and B, two new ellagitannins from the twigs of Trigonostemon lutescens and their antiproliferative activity. Fitoterapia 2018; 130:31-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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9
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Utaipan T, Suksamrarn A, Kaemchantuek P, Chokchaisiri R, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W, Chunglok W. Diterpenoid trigonoreidon B isolated from Trigonostemon reidioides alleviates inflammation in models of LPS-stimulated murine macrophages and inflammatory liver injury in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:961-971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Liu F, Dong B, Yang X, Yang Y, Zhang J, Jin DQ, Ohizumi Y, Lee D, Xu J, Guo Y. NO inhibitors function as potential anti-neuroinflammatory agents for AD from the flowers of Inula japonica. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:168-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Liu F, Yang X, Liang Y, Dong B, Su G, Tuerhong M, Jin DQ, Xu J, Guo Y. Daphnane diterpenoids with nitric oxide inhibitory activities and interactions with iNOS from the leaves of Trigonostemon thyrsoideus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 147:57-67. [PMID: 29289737 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation to search for new nitric oxide (NO) inhibitors resulted in the isolation of seven previously undescribed daphnane diterpenoids, thyrsoidpenes A-G, from the leaves of Trigonostemon thyrsoideus. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR spectroscopic data analysis and the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Thyrsoidpenes B-G feature rare polycyclic caged structures of daphnane diterpenoid orthoester. The NO inhibitory effects were examined and all of the compounds showed inhibitory activities toward LPS-induced NO production in murine microglial BV-2 cells. The possible mechanism of NO inhibition of some bioactive compounds was also investigated using molecular docking, which revealed the interactions of bioactive compounds with the iNOS protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangjian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhetaer Tuerhong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Qing Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
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Wang P, Yang X, Liu F, Liang Y, Su G, Tuerhong M, Jin DQ, Xu J, Lee D, Ohizumi Y, Guo Y. Nitric oxide inhibitors with a spiro diterpenoid skeleton from Scutellaria formosana : Structures, NO inhibitory effects, and interactions with iNOS. Bioorg Chem 2018; 76:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Wang P, Liu F, Yang X, Liang Y, Li S, Su G, Jin DQ, Ohizumi Y, Xu J, Guo Y. Clerodane diterpenoids from Scutellaria formosana with inhibitory effects on NO production and interactions with iNOS protein. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 144:141-150. [PMID: 28934646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical study on Scutellaria formosana afforded five previously undescribed spiro-diterpenoids, scutellapenes A-E. The structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configurations of these compounds were established by the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Scutellapenes B-E possess a spiro-diterpenoid skeleton. All of the compounds showed inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in murine microglial BV-2 cells. The further molecular docking studies revealed that these bioactive compounds had strong interactions with the iNOS protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Qing Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
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Liu F, Yang X, Ma J, Yang Y, Xie C, Tuerhong M, Jin DQ, Xu J, Lee D, Ohizumi Y, Guo Y. Nitric oxide inhibitory daphnane diterpenoids as potential anti-neuroinflammatory agents for AD from the twigs of Trigonostemon thyrsoideus. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:149-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Phytochemicals with NO inhibitory effects and interactions with iNOS protein from Trigonostemon howii. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Hou WY, Wu YK. Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Cyclic Vinylogous Esters for the Synthesis of γ-Arylcyclohexenones and Total Synthesis of Aromatic Podocarpane Diterpenoids. Org Lett 2017; 19:1220-1223. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Hou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ku Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Li S, Sun X, Li Y, Liu F, Ma J, Tong L, Su G, Xu J, Ohizumi Y, Lee D, Guo Y. Natural NO inhibitors from the leaves of Callicarpa kwangtungensis: Structures, activities, and interactions with iNOS. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:670-674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial as opposed to marine sources and includes labdanes, clerodanes, abietanes, pimaranes, kauranes, cembranes and their cyclization products. The literature from January to December, 2016 is reviewed.
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Xu J, Wang M, Sun X, Ren Q, Cao X, Li S, Su G, Tuerhong M, Lee D, Ohizumi Y, Bartlam M, Guo Y. Bioactive Terpenoids from Salvia plebeia: Structures, NO Inhibitory Activities, and Interactions with iNOS. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2924-2932. [PMID: 27933899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation to obtain new NO inhibitors resulted in the identification of six new (1-6) and four known (7-10) terpenoids from Salvia plebeia. Compounds 1 and 2 are new diterpenoids, 3-5 are new meroditerpenoids, 6-9 are sesquiterpenoids, and 10 is a known meroditerpenoid. The structures of these isolates were determined by routine NMR experiments and X-ray diffraction, as well as the electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compounds 1-4 are diterpenoids carrying an oxygen bridge, and 6 is a rare copane-type sesquiterpenoid with a bridged tricyclic framework. The isolates inhibited NO generation induced by lipopolysaccharide in BV-2 cells. The possible mechanism of NO inhibition of some bioactive compounds was also investigated using molecular docking, which revealed interactions of bioactive compounds with the iNOS protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Muhetaer Tuerhong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, Kashgar University , Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka, Japan
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