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Zhang J, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Jia W, Xia C, Wang F, Liu T. Multi-therapies Based on PARP Inhibition: Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16099-16127. [PMID: 36512711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear enzymes called poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARPs) are known to catalyze the process of PARylation, which plays a vital role in various cellular functions. They have become important targets for the discovery of novel antitumor drugs since their inhibition can induce significant lethality in tumor cells. Therefore, researchers all over the world have been focusing on developing novel and potent PARP inhibitors for cancer therapy. Studies have shown that PARP inhibitors and other antitumor agents, such as EZH2 and EGFR inhibitors, play a synergistic role in cancer cells. The combined inhibition of PARP and the targets with synergistic effects may provide a rational strategy to improve the effectiveness of current anticancer regimens. In this Perspective, we sum up the recent advance of PARP-targeted agents, including single-target inhibitors/degraders and dual-target inhibitors/degraders, discuss the fundamental theory of developing these dual-target agents, and give insight into the corresponding structure-activity relationships of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Zipeng Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Wenshuang Jia
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Fugang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
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2
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Peng X, Pan W, Jiang F, Chen W, Qi Z, Peng W, Chen J. Selective PARP1 Inhibitors, PARP1-based Dual-Target Inhibitors, PROTAC PARP1 Degraders, and Prodrugs of PARP1 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Rao S, Thibault B, Peyrard L, Larroque-Lombard AL, Rupp M, Thauvin C, Jean-Claude BJ. Quantitative Analysis of the Potency of Equimolar Two-Drug Combinations and Combi-Molecules Involving Kinase Inhibitors In Vitro: The Concept of Balanced Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179569. [PMID: 34502481 PMCID: PMC8430702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The median-effect principle proposed by Chou and Talalay is the most effective approach to parameterize interactions between several agents in combination. However, this method cannot be used to evaluate the effectiveness of equimolar drug combinations, which are comparative references for dual-targeting molecular design. Here, using data acquired through the development of “combi-molecules” blocking two kinases (e.g., EGFR-c-Src and EGFR-c-Met), we established potency indices for equimolar and dual-targeted inhibitors. If the fold difference (κ) between the IC50 of the two individual kinase inhibitors was >6, the IC50 of their equimolar combination resembled that of the more potent inhibitor. Hence, the “combi-targeting” of the two kinases was considered “imbalanced” and the combination ineffective. However, if κ ≤ 6, the IC50 of the combination fell below that of each individual drug and the combi-targeting was considered “balanced” and the combination effective. We also showed that combi-molecules should be compared with equimolar combinations only under balanced conditions and propose a new parameter Ω for validating their effectiveness. A multi-targeted drug is effective if Ω < 1, where Ω is defined as the IC50 of the drug divided by that of the corresponding equimolar combination. Our study provides a methodology to determine the in vitro potency of equimolar two-drug combinations as well as combi-/hybrid molecules inhibiting two different kinase targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoît Thibault
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (B.J.J.-C.); Tel.: +1-514-934-1934 (ext. 35841) (B.J.J.-C.)
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4
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Mu Y, Yang M, Li F, Iqbal Z, Jiang R, Hou J, Guo X, Yang Z, Tang D. Iodine-catalyzed sulfuration of isoquinolin-1(2 H)-ones applying ethyl sulfinates. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sulfuration of isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones at the C-4 position by employing ethyl sulfonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxiu Mu
- Agricultural Resource and Environment Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science
- Yinchuan 750002
- P. R. China
| | - Minghua Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Lishui University
- Lishui
- P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Li
- Agricultural Resource and Environment Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science
- Yinchuan 750002
- P. R. China
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Agricultural Resource and Environment Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science
- Yinchuan 750002
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Agricultural Resource and Environment Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science
- Yinchuan 750002
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Hou
- Agricultural Resource and Environment Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science
- Yinchuan 750002
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- North Minzu University
- Yinchuan 750002
- P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Lishui University
- Lishui
- P. R. China
| | - Dong Tang
- Agricultural Resource and Environment Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science
- Yinchuan 750002
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
- Lishui University
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5
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I
2
‐Promoted Direct C−H Sulfenylation of Isoquinolin‐1(2
H
)‐ones with Sulfonyl Chlorides. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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6
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Heterocyclic analogs of 5,12-naphthacenequinone 16*. Synthesis and properties of new DNA ligands based on 4,11-diaminoanthra[2,3-b]thiophene-5,10-dione. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Pavlović M, Tadić A, Gligorijević N, Poljarević J, Petrović T, Dojčinović B, Savić A, Radulović S, Grgurić-Šipka S, Aranđelović S. Synthesis, chemical characterization, PARP inhibition, DNA binding and cellular uptake of novel ruthenium(II)-arene complexes bearing benzamide derivatives in human breast cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 210:111155. [PMID: 32768729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) showed remarkable clinical efficacy in BRCA-mutated tumors. Based on the rational drug design, derivatives of PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), 2-amino-4-methylbenzamide (L1) and 3-amino-N-methylbenzamide (L2), were coordinated to the ruthenium(II) ion, to form potential drugs affecting DNA and inhibiting PARP enzyme. The four conjugated complexes of formula: C1 [(ƞ6-toluene)Ru(L1)Cl]PF6, C2 [(ƞ6-p-cymene)Ru(L1)Cl]PF6, C3 [(ƞ6-toluene)Ru(L2)Cl2] and C4 [(ƞ6-p-cymene)Ru(L2)Cl2], have been synthesized and characterized. Colorimetric 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed the highest antiproliferative activity of C1 in HCC1937, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Efficiency of inhibition of PARP-1 enzymatic activity in vitro decreased in order: C2 > C4 > 3-AB>C1 > C3. ICP-MS study of intracellular accumulation and distribution in BRCA1-mutated HCC1937 revealed that C1-C4 entered cells within 24 h. The complex C1 showed the highest intracellular accumulation, nuclear-targeting properties, and exhibited the highest DNA binding (39.2 ± 0.6 pg of Ru per μg of DNA) that resulted in the cell cycle arrest in the S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Pavlović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Tadić
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevenka Gligorijević
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Poljarević
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tamara Petrović
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Dojčinović
- Centre of Chemistry Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Savić
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Siniša Radulović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Grgurić-Šipka
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sandra Aranđelović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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Schmitt J, Huang S, Goodfellow E, Williams C, Jean-Claude BJ. Design and Synthesis of a Trifunctional Molecular System "Programmed" to Block Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Induce High Levels of DNA Damage, and Inhibit the DNA Repair Enzyme (Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase) in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5752-5762. [PMID: 32484346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy in advanced cancers can be mediated by different factors such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression and DNA repair enzymes. Therefore, current standards of care usually involve combinations of multiple treatments. Here, to reduce the adverse effects of multiple drug combinations and improve outcome, we proposed a single drug approach to block multiple overlapping effects that characterize chemoresistance. Thus, we designed a new linker that allows assembly of multiple functions (e.g., inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation, induction of DNA lesions, and blockade of their repair) into a single molecule. This led to the successful synthesis of a novel and potent combi-molecule JS230. Here, we demonstrated that in resistant prostate cancer cells overexpressing EGFR, it was capable of (a) inhibiting EGFR in a dose-dependent manner, (b) damaging DNA, and (c) sustaining the damage by inhibiting the DNA repair protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The triple mechanism of action of JS230 cumulated into growth inhibitory potency superior to that of classical two- or three-drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Schmitt
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center/Glen Hospital, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Shanlong Huang
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center/Glen Hospital, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Elliot Goodfellow
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center/Glen Hospital, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | | | - Bertrand J Jean-Claude
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center/Glen Hospital, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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9
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Francisco AP, Mendes E, Santos AR, Perry MJ. Anticancer Triazenes: from Bioprecursors to Hybrid Molecules. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1623-1642. [PMID: 31244412 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190617155749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triazenes are a very useful and diverse class of compounds that have been studied for their potential in the treatment of many tumors including brain tumor, leukemia and melanoma. Novel compounds of this class continue to be developed as either anticancer compounds or even with other therapeutic applications. This review focused on several types of triazenes from the simplest ones like 1,3-dialkyl-3-acyltriazenes to the more complex ones like combi-triazenes with an emphasis on how triazenes have been developed as effective antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Francisco
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Mendes
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana R Santos
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J Perry
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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Przybycinski J, Nalewajska M, Marchelek-Mysliwiec M, Dziedziejko V, Pawlik A. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) as a therapeutic target in the treatment of selected cancers. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:773-785. [PMID: 31394942 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1654458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The implementation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for therapy has created potential treatments for a wide spectrum of malignancies involving DNA damage repair gene abnormalities. PARPs are a group of enzymes that are responsible for detecting and repairing DNA damage and therefore play a key role in maintaining cell function and integrity. PARP inhibitors are drugs that target DNA repair deficiencies. Inhibiting PARP activity in cancer cells causes cell death. Areas covered: This review summarizes the role of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. We performed a systematic literature search in February 2019 in the electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE. Our search terms were the following: PARP, PARP inhibitors, PARPi, Poly ADP ribose polymerase, cancer treatment. We discuss PARP inhibitors currently being investigated in cancer clinical trials, their safety profiles, clinical resistance, combined therapeutic approaches and future challenges. Expert Opinion: The future could bring novel PARP inhibitors with greater DNA trapping potential, better safety profiles and improved combined therapies involving hormonal, chemo-, radio- or immunotherapies. Progress may afford wider indications for PARP inhibitors in the treatment of cancer and the utilization for cancer prevention in high-risk mutation carriers. Research efforts should focus on identifying novel drugs that target DNA repair deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Przybycinski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Magdalena Nalewajska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | | | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
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11
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Zhu Y, Niu Y, Hui L, He J, Zhu K. Reaction of Isoquinolin‐1(2
H
)‐Ones with Methylenecyclopropanes via Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You‐Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yun‐Xia Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Li‐Wen Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing‐Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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12
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Jain PG, Patel BD. Medicinal chemistry approaches of poly ADP-Ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors as anticancer agents - A recent update. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:198-215. [PMID: 30684797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase1 (PARP1) is a member of 17 membered PARP family having diversified biological functions such as synthetic lethality, DNA repair, apoptosis, necrosis, histone binding etc. It is primarily a chromatin-bound nuclear enzyme that gets activated by DNA damage. It binds to DNA signal- and double-strand breaks, does parylation of target proteins (using NAD+ as a substrate) like histones and other DNA repair proteins and modifies them as a part of DNA repair mechanism. Inhibition of PARP1 prevents the DNA repair and leads to cell death. Clinically, PARP1 Inhibitors have shown their potential in treating BRCAm breast and ovarian cancers and trials are going on for the treatment of other solid tumors like pancreatic, prostate, colorectal etc. as a single agent or in combination. There are currently three FDA approved PARP1 inhibitors namely Olaparib, Rucaparib and Niraparib in the market while Veliparib and Talazoparib are in the late stage of clinical development. All these molecules are nonselective PARP1 inhibitors with concurrent inhibition of PARP2 with similar potency. In addition, resistance to marketed PARP1 inhibitors has been reported. Overall, looking at the success rate of PARP1 inhibitors into various solid tumors, there is an urge of a novel and selective PARP1 inhibitors. This review provides an update on various newer heterocyclic PARP1 inhibitors reported in last three years along with their structural design strategies. We classified them into two main chemical classes; NAD analogues and non-NAD analogues and discussed the medicinal chemistry approaches of each class. To understand the structural features required for in-silico designing of next-generation PARP1 inhibitors, we also reported the crucial amino acid interactions of these inhibitors at the target site. Thus, present review provides the insight on recent development on new lead structures as PARP1 inhibitors, their SAR, an overview of in-vitro and in-vivo screening methods, current challenges and opinion on future designing of more selective and safe PARP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyancy G Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Bhumika D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
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13
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Zhu YQ, He JL, Niu YX, Kang HY, Han TF, Li HY. AgSbF6-Mediated Selective Thiolation and Selenylation at C-4 Position of Isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9958-9967. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing-Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yun-Xia Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hui-Ying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ting-Feng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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