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Hu C, Xu Z, Huang Z, Wang R, Zhang Y, Mao Z. Synthesis and Antifungal Evaluation of New Azole Derivatives against Candida albicans. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1448-1454. [PMID: 37849555 PMCID: PMC10577697 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed and prepared a series of new azole derivatives by recombination of fluconazole (FLC) and ketoconazole units, and in vitro antifungal activities against Candida albicans were evaluated. The results indicated that most azoles showed good antifungal activity against the drug-sensitive C. albicans strain, especially compounds 6a, 6e, 6n, 6p, 6r, 6s, 6t, and 6v, which displayed better antifungal activity (MIC50 < 1.0 μg/mL) than FLC against SC5314. The further mechanism study showed that compound 6r could significantly inhibit the formation of C. albicans biofilm, increase the permeability of the cell membrane, reduce the ergosterol level of the cell membrane, damage the membrane structure, and destroy the integrity of the cell structure to exert excellent antifungal activity. Subsequently, a molecular docking study indicated that azole compounds could inhibit cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase (CYP51). Therefore, these azole derivatives can be considered as potent antifungal drugs to treat fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhengxiao Huang
- School of Chinese Materia
Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia
Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia
Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zewei Mao
- School of Chinese Materia
Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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2
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Wróbel TM, Jørgensen FS, Pandey AV, Grudzińska A, Sharma K, Yakubu J, Björkling F. Non-steroidal CYP17A1 Inhibitors: Discovery and Assessment. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6542-6566. [PMID: 37191389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
CYP17A1 is an enzyme that plays a major role in steroidogenesis and is critically involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. Therefore, it remains an attractive target in several serious hormone-dependent cancer diseases, such as prostate cancer and breast cancer. The medicinal chemistry community has been committed to the discovery and development of CYP17A1 inhibitors for many years, particularly for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. The current Perspective reflects upon the discovery and evaluation of non-steroidal CYP17A1 inhibitors from a medicinal chemistry angle. Emphasis is placed on the structural aspects of the target, key learnings from the presented chemotypes, and design guidelines for future inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Wróbel
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Steen Jørgensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amit V Pandey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern and Translational Hormone Research Program, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Grudzińska
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katyayani Sharma
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern and Translational Hormone Research Program, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jibira Yakubu
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern and Translational Hormone Research Program, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fredrik Björkling
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kilbile JT, Tamboli Y, Gadekar SS, Islam I, Supuran CT, Sapkal SB. An insight into the biological activity and structure-based drug design attributes of sulfonylpiperazine derivatives. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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4
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Štěpánek O, Čmoková A, Procházková E, Grobárová V, Černý J, Sklapničková M, Zíková AP, Kolařík M, Baszczynski O. Piperazine‐modified ketoconazole derivatives show increased activity against fungal and trypanosomatid pathogens. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200385. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Štěpánek
- Charles University: Univerzita Karlova Department of Organic Chemistry CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Adéla Čmoková
- Institute of Microbiology Mikrobiologický ústav AV ČR, v.v.i. CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Eliška Procházková
- IOCB CAS: Ustav organicke chemie a biochemie Akademie ved Ceske republiky NMR department CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Valéria Grobárová
- Charles University: Univerzita Karlova Department of Cell Biology CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Jan Černý
- Charles University: Univerzita Karlova Department of Cell Biology CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Martina Sklapničková
- Institute of Parasitology Czech Academy of Sciences: Biologicke centrum Akademie ved Ceske republiky Parazitologicky ustav Parazitologicky ustav CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Alena Panicucci Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology Czech Academy of Sciences: Biologicke centrum Akademie ved Ceske republiky Parazitologicky ustav Parazitologicky ustav CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences: Mikrobiologicky ustav Akademie ved Ceske republiky Mikrobiologicky ustav CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Ondrej Baszczynski
- Univerzita Karlova Prirodovedecka fakulta Department of Organic Chemistry Hlavova 8/2030 12800 Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
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Blass BE, Puri S, Sharma R, Day BM. Antifungal properties of (2S, 4R)-Ketoconazole sulfonamide analogs. FRONTIERS IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 2:1000827. [PMID: 37214226 PMCID: PMC10198183 DOI: 10.3389/fddsv.2022.1000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis remains a significant health concern, as it is associated with a high mortality risk. In addition, the risk of infection is significantly elevated in immunocompromised patients such as those with HIV, cancer, or those taking imcmunosuppressive drugs as a result of organ transplantation. The majority of these cases are caused by C. albicans, and C. glabrata is the second most common cause. These infections are typically treated using approved antifungal agents, but the rise of drug-resistant fungi is a serious concern. As part of our on-going effort to identify novel antifungal agents, we have studied the in vitro antifungal properties of a series of sulfonamide analogs of (2S, 4R)-Ketoconazole. Herein we report on the in vitro activity against the key fungal pathogens C. albicans, and C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E. Blass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sumant Puri
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United Stated
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United Stated
| | - Brian M. Day
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Favero V, Cremaschi A, Falchetti A, Gaudio A, Gennari L, Scillitani A, Vescini F, Morelli V, Aresta C, Chiodini I. Management and Medical Therapy of Mild Hypercortisolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111521. [PMID: 34768949 PMCID: PMC8584167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild hypercortisolism (mHC) is defined as an excessive cortisol secretion, without the classical manifestations of clinically overt Cushing's syndrome. This condition increases the risk of bone fragility, neuropsychological alterations, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular events and mortality. At variance with Cushing's syndrome, mHC is not rare, with it estimated to be present in up to 2% of individuals older than 60 years, with higher prevalence (up to 10%) in individuals with uncontrolled hypertension and/or diabetes or with unexplainable bone fragility. Measuring cortisol after a 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test is the first-line test for searching for mHC, and the degree of cortisol suppression is associated with the presence of cortisol-related consequences and mortality. Among the additional tests used for diagnosing mHC in doubtful cases, the basal morning plasma adrenocorticotroph hormone, 24-h urinary free cortisol and/or late-night salivary cortisol could be measured, particularly in patients with possible cortisol-related complications, such as hypertension and diabetes. Surgery is considered as a possible therapeutic option in patients with munilateral adrenal incidentalomas and mHC since it improves diabetes and hypertension and reduces the fracture risk. In patients with mHC and bilateral adrenal adenomas, in whom surgery would lead to persistent hypocortisolism, and in patients refusing surgery or in whom surgery is not feasible, medical therapy is needed. Currently, promising though scarce data have been provided on the possible use of pituitary-directed agents, such as the multi-ligand somatostatin analog pasireotide or the dopamine agonist cabergoline for the-nowadays-rare patients with pituitary mHC. In the more frequently adrenal mHC, encouraging data are available for metyrapone, a steroidogenesis inhibitor acting mainly against the adrenal 11-βhydroxylase, while data on osilodrostat and levoketoconazole, other new steroidogenesis inhibitors, are still needed in patients with mHC. Finally, on the basis of promising data with mifepristone, a non-selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, in patients with mild cortisol hypersecretion, a randomized placebo-controlled study is ongoing for assessing the efficacy and safety of relacorilant, a selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, for patients with mild adrenal hypercortisolism and diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance and/or uncontrolled systolic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Favero
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Arianna Cremaschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy;
| | - Agostino Gaudio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Alfredo Scillitani
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetology “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy;
| | - Fabio Vescini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, University-Hospital S. M. Misericordia of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Valentina Morelli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carmen Aresta
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-61911-2738
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (A.C.); (I.C.)
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy;
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Fleseriu M, Auchus RJ, Pivonello R, Salvatori R, Zacharieva S, Biller BMK. Levoketoconazole: a novel treatment for endogenous Cushing's syndrome. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2021; 16:159-174. [PMID: 34380370 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2021.1945440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare, life-threatening endocrine disorder that is caused by chronic exposure to cortisol overproduction. Levoketoconazole (Recorlev), a 2S, 4R stereoisomer of ketoconazole, is a steroidogenesis inhibitor under investigation for the treatment of CS.Areas covered: This review covers the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of levoketoconazole for the treatment of patients with endogenous CS.Expert opinion: Based on the preclinical and clinical pharmacology findings, levoketoconazole appears to be the relevant enantiomer of ketoconazole for inhibition of steroidogenesis, with more potent inhibition of both cortisol and androgen synthesis relative to ketoconazole racemate and the 2R, 4S stereoisomer dextroketoconazole. Results from the phase III SONICS study showed that levoketoconazole was effective in normalizing cortisol levels and improving biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in a significant percentage of patients. In addition, treatment with levoketoconazole showed improvements in subjective clinical assessments of clinician-rated CS clinical signs and symptoms, patient-reported quality of life, and depression symptom severity. Testosterone levels decreased significantly in women. Levoketoconazole had an acceptable safety profile with no unexpected safety signals. The favorable pharmacology, efficacy, and safety profile of levoketoconazole supports its use as medical therapy for CS, if approved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fleseriu
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Neurological Surgery, and Pituitary Center, Portland, USA
| | - Richard J Auchus
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Università Federico II Di Napoli, Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Sezione Di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Pituitary Center, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sabina Zacharieva
- Medical University-Sofia, Department of Endocrinology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Beverly M K Biller
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroendocrine and Pituitary Tumor Clinical Center, Boston, USA
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Soley J, Taylor SD. Synthesis of β-Hydroxy-α,α-difluorosulfonamides from Carbanions of Difluoromethanesulfonamides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6577-6591. [PMID: 33847499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of β-hydroxy-α,α-difluorosulfonamides was achieved by reacting difluoromethanesulfonamides with KHMDS in the presence of an aldehyde or ketone. The reaction exhibited a dramatic counterion effect with KHMDS or NaHMDS usually giving excellent yields in minutes, while lithium bases gave little or no product. Excellent yields and high diastereomeric ratios were achieved with Nα-benzyl-Nα-phenylfluorenyl (PhF)-protected chiral amino aldehydes derived from amino acids. Following deprotection, a β-hydroxy-α,α-sulfonamide reacted under peptide coupling and Mitsunobu conditions to furnish a peptidomimetic in an excellent overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Soley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott D Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Santosh Kumar B, Madhu G, Ravindranath L. Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and in silico studies of novel 3,4-disubstituted pyrrolidinesulfonamides. CHEMICAL BULLETIN OF KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.15328/cb1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-Disubstituted pyrrolidinesulfonamides were synthesized and screened for their antimicrobial activity. Title compounds were established as potent antibacterial and antifungal agents. Noteworthy antimicrobial activity was found for the title compounds against the tested microorganisms. They exhibit comparable results with standard drugs. Besides the in vitro antimicrobial activity, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in silico inhibitory activity on active site of β-glucosidase enzyme. In silico studies were done by GOLD docking method against β-glucosidase 3VKK (PDB Id). In silico studies were conducted to evaluate the ability of synthesized compounds to inhibit the β-glucosidase enzyme. The results revealed that 3,4-disubstitutedpyrrolidinesulfonamides are the potent β-glucosidase inhibitors by binding at the active site. A sensible inhibition against β-glucosidases was observed for the compound with 13,4-oxadizole ring has higher β-glucosidase inhibition activity than the other compounds. The free energy of binding and inhibition constant (Ki) of the docked compounds were evaluated and presented.
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Blass BE, Iyer P, Abou-Gharbia M, Childers WE, Gordon JC, Ramanjulu M, Morton G, Arumugam P, Boruwa J, Ellingboe J, Mitra S, Reddy Nimmareddy R, Paliwal S, Rajasekhar J, Shivakumar S, Srivastava P, Tangirala RS, Venkataramanaiah K, Bobbala R, Yanamandra M, Krishnakanth Reddy L. Design and synthesis of functionalized piperazin-1yl-(E)-stilbenes as inhibitors of 17α-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase (Cyp17). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2270-2274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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