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Long L, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Duan L, Fan D, Wang R, Xu S, Qiao D, Zhu W. Pyrrole-containing hybrids as potential anticancer agents: An insight into current developments and structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116470. [PMID: 38762915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant threat to human health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop potent anti-cancer drugs with excellent inhibitory activity and no toxic side effects. Pyrrole and its derivatives are privileged heterocyclic compounds with significant diverse pharmacological effects. These compounds can target various aspects of cancer cells and have been applied in clinical settings or are undergoing clinical trials. As a result, pyrrole has emerged as a promising drug scaffold and has been further probed to get novel entities for the treatment of cancer. This article reviews recent research progress on anti-cancer drugs containing pyrrole. It focuses on the mechanism of action, biological activity, and structure-activity relationships of pyrrole derivatives, aiming to assist in designing and synthesizing innovative pyrrole-based anti-cancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Long
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - ZhiHui Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Dang Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China.
| | - Dan Qiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China.
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China.
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Wang G, Sun S, Guo H. Current status of carbazole hybrids as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:113999. [PMID: 34838335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The drug resistance and low specificity of current available chemotherapeutics to cancer cells are the main reasons responsible for the failure of cancer chemotherapy and remain dramatic challenges for cancer therapy, creating an urgent need to develop novel anticancer agents. Carbazole nucleus, widely distributed in nature, is a predominant feature of a vast array of biologically active compounds. Carbazole derivatives exhibited potential antiproliferative activity against different cancer cell lines by diverse mechanisms, inclusive of arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis, and several anticancer agents are carbazole-based compounds. Thus, carbazole derivatives represent a fertile source for discovery of novel anticancer therapeutic agents. Over the past several years, a variety of carbazole hybrids have been developed as potential anticancer agents. The present review focuses on the recent progress, from 2016 until now, in knowledge on anticancer properties, structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action of carbazole hybrids to provide a basis for development of relevant therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Shaofa Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Hua Guo
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, 114005, Liaoning, PR China
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Nam Y, Hwang D, Kim N, Seo HS, Selim KB, Sim T. Identification of 1 H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives as potent ALK-L1196M inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1426-1438. [PMID: 31401883 PMCID: PMC6713165 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1639694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been recognised as a promising molecular target of targeted therapy for NSCLC. We performed SAR study of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines to override crizotinib resistance caused by ALK-L1196M mutation and identified a novel and potent L1196M inhibitor, 10g. 10g displayed exceptional enzymatic activities (<0.5 nM of IC50) against ALK-L1196M as well as against ALK-wt. In addition, 10g is an extremely potent inhibitor of ROS1 (<0.5 nM of IC50) and displays excellent selectivity over c-Met. Moreover, 10g strongly suppresses proliferation of ALK-L1196M-Ba/F3 and H2228 cells harbouring EML4-ALK via apoptosis and the ALK signalling blockade. The results of molecular docking studies reveal that, in contrast to crizotinib, 10g engages in a favourable interaction with M1196 in the kinase domain of ALK-L1196M and hydrogen bonding with K1150 and E1210. This SAR study has provided a useful insight into the design of novel and potent inhibitors against ALK gatekeeper mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Nam
- a KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkeun Hwang
- a KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Namdoo Kim
- b NDBio Therapeutics Inc. , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seog Seo
- a KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Khalid B Selim
- d Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,e Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Taebo Sim
- a KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,d Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Latif M, Ashraf Z, Basit S, Ghaffar A, Zafar MS, Saeed A, Meo SA. Latest perspectives of orally bioavailable 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine analogues (DAAPalogues) as anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors: discovery and clinical developments. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16470-16493. [PMID: 35540549 PMCID: PMC9080316 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The course of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy has improved impressively. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved crizotinib (Xalkori, Pfizer) as a first-in-class tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that demonstrated a substantial objective response rate (ORR) and remarkable progression-free survival (PFS). However, acquired resistance to crizotinib is still a major concern especially as the central nervous system (CNS) remains the most common sites of relapse. To combat disease resistance, limited PFS and poor CNS exposure exhibited by crizotinib (Xalkori, Pfizer) led to the discovery of numerous next generation ALK-TKIs and surprisingly most of them are 2,4-Diarylaminopyrimidine Analogues (DAAPalogues). To date, DAAPalogues have been investigated extensively to display their superior potency against numerous kinase targets especially ALK/ROS1. This review describes hit-to-drug evolution strategies, activity spectra, milestones related to medicinal chemistry discovery efforts and scalable synthetic pathways of clinically emerging DAAPalouges which are either progressing as investigational or preclinical candidates. In addition, the significance of DAAPalogues to treat the patients with ALK+-NSCLC in clinical settings has been detailed. This review is beneficial for medicinal chemists and researchers contributing to discovering ALK-TKIs to overcome existing issues related to DAAPalouges in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Latif
- College of Medicine, Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Sulman Basit
- College of Medicine, Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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