1
|
Huang Y, Peng X, Chen J, Shu L, Zhang M, Jin J, Jin Z, Chi YR. Discovery of Novel Chiral Indole Derivatives Containing the Oxazoline Moiety as Potential Antiviral Agents for Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6979-6987. [PMID: 38520352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is an important plant virus that has spread worldwide, causing significant economic losses. To search for novel structures as potent antiviral agents, a series of chiral indole derivatives containing oxazoline moieties were designed and synthesized and their anti-PVY activities were evaluated. Biological activity tests demonstrated that many chiral compounds exhibited promising anti-PVY activities and that their absolute configurations exhibited obvious distinctions in antiviral bioactivities. Notably, compound (S)-4v displayed excellent curative and protective efficacy against PVY, with EC50 values of 328.6 and 256.1 μg/mL, respectively, which were superior to those of commercial virucide ningnanmycin (NNM, 437.4 and 397.4 μg/mL, respectively). The preliminary antiviral mechanism was investigated to determine the difference in antiviral activity between the two enantiomers of 4v chiral compounds. Molecular docking indicated a stronger binding affinity between the coating proteins of PVY (PVY-CP) and (S)-4v (-6.5 kcal/mol) compared to (R)-4v (-6.2 kcal/mol). Additionally, compound (S)-4v can increase the chlorophyll content and defense-related enzyme activities more effectively than its enantiomer. Therefore, this study provides an important basis for the development of chiral indole derivatives containing oxazoline moieties as novel agricultural chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangzhen Shu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamiao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng H, Wang J, He W, Ye Y, Bai R, Zhang X, Ye XY, Xie T, Hui Z. Microwave-assisted rapid synthesis of chiral oxazolines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2312-2319. [PMID: 36637123 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02192g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chiral oxazoline compounds play an extremely important role in asymmetric synthesis and drug discovery. Herein a simpler, greener and more efficient microwave-assisted protocol to rapidly access chiral oxazolines is developed using aryl nitriles or cyano-containing compounds and chiral β-amino alcohols as starting materials. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of a recoverable heterogeneous catalyst in either concentrated solution or under solvent-free conditions. The advantages of this method include rapidness, convenience, environmental protection, high atom economy, and excellent yields. The protocol should find wider application in the community in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianshe Wang
- Drug Discovery, Hangzhou PurpleCrystal Pharma Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Wei He
- Chemical Manufacturing and Control, Adlai Nortye Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Discovery of oxazoline-triazole based hybrid molecules as DNA gyrase inhibitors: A new class of potential Anti-tubercular agents. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
4
|
Homobinuclear compounds based on a chiral oxazolidine ligand: From solid state study to aqueous solution dynamics. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
5
|
Shinde SR, Inamdar SN, Obakachi VA, Shinde M, Kajee A, Ghai M, Karpoormath R. Discovery of oxazole-dehydrozingerone based hybrid molecules as potential anti-tubercular agents and their docking for Mtb DNA gyrase. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
6
|
Pandia BK, Gunanathan C. Manganese(I) Catalyzed α-Alkenylation of Amides Using Alcohols with Liberation of Hydrogen and Water. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9994-10005. [PMID: 34254806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, unprecedented manganese-catalyzed direct α-alkenylation of amides using alcohols is reported. Aryl amides are reacted with diverse primary alcohols, which provided the α,β-unsaturated amides in moderate to good yields with excellent selectivity. Mechanistic studies indicate that Mn(I) catalyst oxidizes the alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and also plays an important role in efficient C═C bond formation through aldol condensation. This selective olefination is facilitated by metal-ligand cooperation by the aromatization-dearomatization process operating in the catalytic system. Biorenewable alcohols are used as alkenylation reagents for the challenging α-alkenylation of amides with the highly abundant base metal manganese as a catalyst, which results in water and dihydrogen as the only byproduct, making this catalytic transformation attractive, sustainable, and environmentally benign.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Keshari Pandia
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar-752050, India
| | - Chidambaram Gunanathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar-752050, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou X, Mao B, Zhang Z. Synthesis of 2-Oxazolines from Ring Opening Isomerization of 3-Amido-2-Phenyl Azetidines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040857. [PMID: 33562033 PMCID: PMC7914936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral 2-oxazolines are valuable building blocks and famous ligands for asymmetric catalysis. The most common synthesis involves the reaction of an amino alcohol with a carboxylic acid. In this paper, an efficient synthesis of 2-oxazolines has been achieved via the stereospecific isomerization of 3-amido-2-phenyl azetidines. The reactions were studied in the presence of both Brønsted and Lewis acids, and Cu(OTf)2 was found to be the most effective.
Collapse
|
8
|
Aguirre-Rentería SA, Carrizales-Castillo JJJ, Del Rayo Camacho Corona M, Hernández-Fernández E, Garza-González E, Rivas-Galindo VM, Arredondo-Espinoza E, Avalos-Alanís FG. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of antimycobacterial and cytotoxic activity of new α,β-unsaturated amide, oxazoline and oxazole derivatives from l-serine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127074. [PMID: 32151467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 19 compounds derived from l-serine and analogs of p-substituted cinnamic acid is reported. Oxazolines 9 and oxazoles 10 have high antitubercular activity with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.7812-25.0 µg/mL (3.21-100.3 µM), against two strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitive to first-line drugs Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF), Ethambutol (EMB), Pyrazinamide (PZE) (H37Rv) and a clinical isolate resistant to INH, RIF and EMB (G122). The cytotoxic evaluation shows that oxazoles have low activity, finding viability>96% against the VERO cell line. The results show these compounds could be considered as future alternatives for antitubercular treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saúl A Aguirre-Rentería
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Juan J J Carrizales-Castillo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - María Del Rayo Camacho Corona
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Hernández-Fernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Elvira Garza-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Servicio de Gastroenterología Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Av. Gonzalitos y Madero S/N, Col. Mitras Centro, CP 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Verónica M Rivas-Galindo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Av. Madero S/N, Col. Mitras Centro, CP 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Eder Arredondo-Espinoza
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Francisco G Avalos-Alanís
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mallick S, Baidya M, Mahanty K, Maiti D, De Sarkar S. Electrochemical Chalcogenation of
β,γ
‐Unsaturated Amides and Oximes to Corresponding Oxazolines and Isoxazolines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Mallick
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal India
| | - Mrinmay Baidya
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal India
| | - Kingshuk Mahanty
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Świtlicka A, Choroba K, Szlapa-Kula A, Machura B, Erfurt K. Experimental and theoretical insights into spectroscopy and electrochemistry of Re(I) carbonyl with oxazoline-based ligand. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Bikas R, Ajormal F, Emami M, Sanchiz J, Noshiranzadeh N, Kozakiewicz A. Crystal structure and magneto-structural investigation of alkoxido bridged dinuclear Fe(III) complexes with 1,3-oxazolidine ligands. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
12
|
Ortega-Villarreal AS, Hernández-Fernández E, Jensen C, Valdivia-Berroeta GA, Garrard S, López I, Smith SJ, Christensen KA, Reyes-González MA, Michaelis DJ. Synthesis and characterization of ethyl benzotriazolyl acrylate-based D-π-A fluorophores for live cell-based imaging applications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8759-8767. [PMID: 35517661 PMCID: PMC9061700 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00108e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of eight new ethyl (Z)-benzotriazolyl acrylates 6a-d and 7a-d have been synthesized by conventional heating and microwave irradiation from ethyl benzotriazolyl acetates 3 and 4 with the corresponding aromatic aldehydes. This work reports the synthetic approach and spectroscopic characterization (1H, 13C-NMR, HRMS) of all the synthesized compounds. X-ray diffraction analyses were performed for molecules 6a, 7a and 7d. Photophysical properties of compounds were evaluated. Finally, compound 6a was tested in a human cell line and showed low to no cytotoxicity at relevant concentrations. Initial testing demonstrates its potential use as a fluid-phase fluorescent marker for live cell imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Ortega-Villarreal
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria 66400 San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León Mexico +52 81 1340 4890 ext. 6293 +52 81 1340 4890 ext. 6293
| | - Eugenio Hernández-Fernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria 66400 San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León Mexico +52 81 1340 4890 ext. 6293 +52 81 1340 4890 ext. 6293
| | - Christopher Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University 84602 Provo Utah USA +1 801 422 9416
| | | | - Samuel Garrard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University 84602 Provo Utah USA +1 801 422 9416
| | - Israel López
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria 66400 San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León Mexico +52 81 1340 4890 ext. 6293 +52 81 1340 4890 ext. 6293
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología (CIBYN), Laboratorio de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología Autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo Km. 10, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (PIIT) 66629 Apodaca Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Stacey J Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University 84602 Provo Utah USA +1 801 422 9416
| | - Kenneth A Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University 84602 Provo Utah USA +1 801 422 9416
| | - Miguel A Reyes-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria 66400 San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León Mexico +52 81 1340 4890 ext. 6293 +52 81 1340 4890 ext. 6293
| | - David J Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University 84602 Provo Utah USA +1 801 422 9416
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gilbert A, Bertrand X, Paquin JF. Silver-Promoted Synthesis of 5-[(Pentafluorosulfanyl)methyl]-2-oxazolines. Org Lett 2018; 20:7257-7260. [PMID: 30370773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 5-[(pentafluorosulfanyl)methyl]-2-oxazolines is reported. The use of a silver promoter allows the intramolecular cyclization of N-[2-chloro-3-(pentafluorosulfanyl)propyl]amide to occur without elimination of the chlorine atom, a reaction pathway typically observed for β-chloro-SF5-alkyl compounds. The products, potentially valuable SF5-containing heterocycles, are obtained in up to 97% yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gilbert
- CGCC, PROTEO, Département de chimie , Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine , Québec, Québec G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- CGCC, PROTEO, Département de chimie , Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine , Québec, Québec G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- CGCC, PROTEO, Département de chimie , Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine , Québec, Québec G1V 0A6 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bikas R, Ajormal F, Emami M, Noshiranzadeh N, Kozakiewicz A. Catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohols by new Cu(II) complexes of 1,3-oxazolidine based ligand obtained from a solvent free reaction. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Patil Y, Shingare R, Chakraborty S, Borkute R, Sarkar D, Madje B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some bicyclic [2-(2,4-dimethylphenylthio)phenyl] aniline and its amide derivatives as potential antitubercular agents. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|