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Faggal SI, El-Dash Y, Sonousi A, Abdou AM, Hassan RA. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel thiazole derivatives as PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2024:d4md00462k. [PMID: 39345714 PMCID: PMC11427869 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00462k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of anticancer drugs targeting both PI3K and mTOR pathways is recognized as a promising cancer therapeutic approach. In the current study, we designed and synthesized seventeen new thiazole compounds to investigate their effect on both PI3K and mTOR as well as their anti-apoptotic activity. All the synthesized thiazoles were investigated for their antiproliferative activity on a panel of 60 different cancer cell lines at the National Cancer Institute. Compounds 3b and 3e were selected for further investigation at five dose concentrations due to their effective growth inhibiting activity. Compounds 3b and 3e were further evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activities against PI3Kα and mTOR compared to alpelisib and dactolisib, respectively as reference drugs. The inhibitory effect of compound 3b on PI3Kα was similar to alpelisib, but it showed weaker inhibitory activity on mTOR compared to dactolisib. Moreover, compound 3b exhibited significantly higher inhibitory activity compared to compound 3e against both PI3Kα and mTOR. The cell cycle analysis showed that compounds 3b and 3e induced G0-G1 phase cell cycle arrest in the leukemia HL-60(TB) cell line. Meanwhile, they significantly increased the total apoptotic activity which was supported by an increase in the level of caspase-3 in leukemia HL-60(TB) cell lines. Molecular docking experiments provided additional explanation for these results by demonstrating the ability of these derivatives to form a network of key interactions, known to be essential for PI3Kα/mTOR inhibitors. All these experimental results suggested that 3b and 3e are potential PI3Kα/mTOR dual inhibitors and could be considered promising lead compounds for the development of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar I Faggal
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Yara El-Dash
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Amr Sonousi
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt
- University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation New Administrative Capital Cairo Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre Dokki, Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Rasha A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt
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2
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Hassan RA, Hamed MI, Abdou AM, El-Dash Y. Novel antiproliferative agents bearing substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold as dual VEGFR-2 and BRAF kinases inhibitors and apoptosis inducers; design, synthesis and molecular docking. Bioorg Chem 2022; 125:105861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mohan S, Dharani J, Natarajan R, Nagarajan A. Molecular docking and identification of G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) agonists as SARS COVID-19 MPro inhibitors. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:108. [PMID: 35849279 PMCID: PMC9289937 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has become a pandemic, and any new drug for treating the disease could save millions of lives. Several drugs already in use for other diseases and medical conditions are repurposed for treating COVID-19 in an attempt to find treatment for the disease without spending research time on ADME TOX and other studies on side effects. In this exercise, the drugs repurposed are from antiviral, antibiotics, antiviral for HIV and HCV, anti-cancer, natural medicines, etc. Possible repurposing anti-diabetic GPR-120 agonists used as for SAR-CoV-2 is attempted in the study by carrying out docking of 68 GPR-120 agonists. Ten of these compounds were found to have docking scores −8.3 to −8.0, and the best docking score was observed for an arylsulfonamide and a biarylpropanoic acid belonging to GPR120 agonists previously evaluated for the treatment of type II diabetes. These GPR120 agonists could serve as start point for novel inhibitors for the discovery of drugs to treat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sellappan Mohan
- Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641032, India.
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Zhu QF, Ge YH, An N, Li N, Xiao Y, Huang GX, Zhang LL, Feng YQ, Wu JL. Profiling of Branched Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Teas and Their Potential Sources in Fermented Tea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5369-5376. [PMID: 35445595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Branched fatty acid ester of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA) is a class of natural lipid with important biological functions. In this study, we first profiled natural-origin FAHFAs in different teas using the chemical labeling-assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Consequently, we observed rich molecular diversity of FAHFAs with multiple regioisomers in teas. Additionally, the FAHFA contents had a positive relationship with the tea fermentation degree and a negative relationship with homologous fatty acids. Moreover, the highly accumulated FAHFAs (e.g., 3-MAHMA) in some postfermented teas (e.g., Fu brick tea) were also basically interpreted with regiospecificity of FAHFAs in both teas and fungus. This study revealed that tea is a rich natural source of FAHFAs, and some abundant FAHFAs might be the functional molecules accounting for the antidiabetic function of teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Fei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078 Macau, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Hui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078 Macau, P. R. China
| | - Na An
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078 Macau, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078 Macau, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078 Macau, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078 Macau, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078 Macau, P. R. China
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Carullo G, Mazzotta S, Vega-Holm M, Iglesias-Guerra F, Vega-Pérez JM, Aiello F, Brizzi A. GPR120/FFAR4 Pharmacology: Focus on Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4312-4332. [PMID: 33843223 PMCID: PMC8154576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
activated by free fatty
acids (FFAs) have emerged as new and exciting drug targets, due to
their plausible translation from pharmacology to medicines. This perspective
aims to report recent research about GPR120/FFAR4 and its involvement
in several diseases, including cancer, inflammatory conditions, and
central nervous system disorders. The focus is to highlight the importance
of GPR120 in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GPR120 agonists, useful
in T2DM drug discovery, have been widely explored from a structure–activity
relationship point of view. Since the identification of the first
reported synthetic agonist TUG-891, the research has paved the way
for the development of TUG-based molecules as well as new and different
chemical entities. These molecules might represent the starting point
for the future discovery of GPR120 agonists as antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sarah Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Margarita Vega-Holm
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Iglesias-Guerra
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José Manuel Vega-Pérez
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, DoE 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Shcherbakova ES, Sall TS, Sitkin SI, Vakhitov TY, Demyanova EV. The role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ALMANAC OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 2020; 48:375-386. [DOI: 10.18786/2072-0505-2020-48-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The review deals with the role of aromatic amino acids and their microbial metabolites in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Pathological changes typical for NAFLD, as well as abnormal composition and/or functional activity of gut microbiota, results in abnormal aromatic amino acid metabolism. The authors discuss the potential of these amino acids and their bacterial metabolites to produce both negative and positive impact on the main steps of NAFLD pathophysiology, such as lipogenesis and inflammation, as well as on the liver functions through regulation of the intestinal barrier and microbiota-gut-liver axis signaling. The review gives detailed description of the mechanism of biological activity of tryptophan and its derivatives (indole, tryptamine, indole-lactic, indole-propyonic, indole-acetic acids, and indole-3-aldehyde) through the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), preventing the development of liver steatosis. Bacteria-produced phenyl-alanine metabolites could promote liver steatosis (phenyl acetic and phenyl lactic acids) or, on the contrary, could reduce liver inflammation and increase insulin sensitivity (phenyl propionic acid). Tyramine, para-cumarate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acids, being by-products of bacterial catabolism of tyrosine, can prevent NAFLD, whereas para-cresol and phenol accelerate the progression of NAFLD by damaging the barrier properties of intestinal epithelium. Abnormalities in bacterial catabolism of tyrosine, leading to its excess, stimulate fatty acid synthesis and promote lipid infiltration of the liver. The authors emphasize a close interplay between bacterial metabolism of aromatic amino acids by gut microbiota and the functioning of the human body. They hypothesize that microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids may represent not only therapeutic targets or non-invasive biomarkers, but also serve as bioactive agents for NAFLD treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T. S. Sall
- State Research Institute of Especially Purified Bioproducts
| | - S. I. Sitkin
- State Research Institute of Especially Purified Bioproducts;
North Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
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Synthesis and evaluation of 3-(4-(phenoxymethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid and N-phenylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives as FFA4 agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127650. [PMID: 33127539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4) has been recognized as an attractive target in metabolic diseases. To find potent and selective FFA4 agonist, 28 compounds of 3-(4-(phenoxymethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid and N-phenylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives were designed and synthesized, featuring OC and SO2-N linkage. For the OC linkage compounds, 1g showed the most potent FFA4 agonistic activity with a pEC50 of 5.81 ± 0.04 and exhibited at least 64-fold selectivity against FFA1. For SO2-N linkage agonists, 2m had a pEC50 of 5.66 ± 0.04 and displayed>46-fold selectivity against FFA1. Among these two series of compounds, 1g was the most potent agonist at FFA4 and the best selectivity against FFA1, demonstrated by docking simulation. Moreover, 1g showed receptor selectivity on other seven GPCRs. In anti-diabetic evaluation, 1g dose-dependently reduced blood glucose, which was better than a clinical phase III drug TAK875. This study provides guidance for FFA4 ligand design and drug optimization.
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Kuranov S, Luzina O, Khvostov M, Baev D, Kuznetsova D, Zhukova N, Vassiliev P, Kochetkov A, Tolstikova T, Salakhutdinov N. Bornyl Derivatives of p-(Benzyloxy)Phenylpropionic Acid: In Vivo Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110404. [PMID: 33228030 PMCID: PMC7699345 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of bornyl derivatives of p-(benzyloxy)phenylpropionic acid were prepared, and their hypoglycemic activities were examined by an oral glucose tolerance test in mice. The results of this test revealed two compounds, 1 and 3, that can reduce the blood level of glucose similarly to reference compound vildagliptin. Both compounds were tested in an experiment on mice with metabolic disorders: the C57BL/6Ay strain. Along with hypoglycemic properties, the two compounds showed different abilities to correct lipid metabolism disorders. In silico prediction revealed that the studied substances are most likely bifunctional multitarget hypoglycemic compounds whose mechanism of action is based on a pronounced reduction in insulin resistance and a strong incretin-mimetic effect. The difference in the size of effects of these compounds on biochemical parameters of blood in the experiment on C57BL/6Ay mice was in good agreement with the computational prediction of the priority ranking of biological targets for these compounds. These results indicate that bornyl derivatives of p-(benzyloxy)phenylpropionic acid have a good potential as new agents for diabetes mellitus treatment due to their hypoglycemic and lipid-normalizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Kuranov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (T.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Olga Luzina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (T.T.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (O.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Mikhail Khvostov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (T.T.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (O.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Dmitriy Baev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (T.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Darya Kuznetsova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (T.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Nataliya Zhukova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (T.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Pavel Vassiliev
- Reasearch Center of Innovative Medicines, Laboratory for Information Technology in Pharmacology and Computer Modeling of Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 400131 Volgograd, Russia; (P.V.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrey Kochetkov
- Reasearch Center of Innovative Medicines, Laboratory for Information Technology in Pharmacology and Computer Modeling of Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 400131 Volgograd, Russia; (P.V.); (A.K.)
| | - Tatyana Tolstikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (T.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Nariman Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.K.); (D.B.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (T.T.); (N.S.)
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Zhang X, Macielag MJ. GPR120 agonists for the treatment of diabetes: a patent review (2014 present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:729-742. [PMID: 32799609 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1811852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) is a Gαq coupled GPCR specifically activated by long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). Functionally, it has been identified as a member of a family of lipid-binding free fatty acid receptors including GPR40, GPR41, and GPR43. Upon stimulation by LCFAs, GPR120 can directly or indirectly modulate hormone secretion from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, and regulate lipid and/or glucose metabolism in adipose, liver, and muscle tissues. Additionally, GPR120 is postulated to mediate anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects in adipose and macrophages. These benefits suggest that GPR120 agonists have the potential to be an effective treatment for obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and other metabolic syndromes. AREA COVERED This article highlights and reviews research advances in this field that have been published in patent literature and peer-reviewed journals since 2014. EXPERT OPINION Current development has been hindered by species differences in GPR120 distribution, differences in GPR120-mediated signaling in distinct tissue types, and lack of available ligands with suitable selectivity for GPR120 over GPR40 in both human and rodents. The discovery of β-arrestin biased GPR120 agonists will help elucidate the potential of selective therapeutics that may discriminate between desirable and undesirable pharmacological effects. ABBREVIATIONS ALA: α-linolenic acid; AUC: area under the curve; BRET: bioluminescence resonance energy transfer; CCK: cholecystokinin; CHO-K1 cell: Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cell; db/db mouse: diabetic mouse; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; DIO: diet-induced obesity; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase 4; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; FA(s): fatty acid(s); FFA(s): free fatty acid(s); FFAR: free fatty acid receptor; FLIPR: fluorescent imaging plate reader; GIR: glucose infusion rate; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1; GP(C)R: G protein-coupled receptor; GSIS: glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; HEK293 cell: human embryonic kidney 293 cell; HOMA-IR: homeostatic measurement assessment of insulin resistance; IP1: inositol phosphate turnover; IPGTT: intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; LCFA(s): long-chain fatty acid(s); MEDmax: maximal efficacy; MIN6 cell: mouse insulin-secreting cell; NPY: neuropeptide Y; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; pERK: phosphorylated ERK; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; QD: once daily; SAR: structure-activity relationship; siRNA: small interfering ribonucleic acid; STC-1: intestinal secretin tumor cell; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; U2OS cell: human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell; uHTS: ultrahigh-throughput screening; ZDF: zucker diabetic fatty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Zhang
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Mark J Macielag
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development , Spring House, PA, USA
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10
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Gimeno RE, Briere DA, Seeley RJ. Leveraging the Gut to Treat Metabolic Disease. Cell Metab 2020; 31:679-698. [PMID: 32187525 PMCID: PMC7184629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
25 years ago, the future of treating obesity and diabetes focused on end organs known to be involved in energy balance and glucose regulation, including the brain, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas. Today, the most effective therapies are focused around the gut. This includes surgical options, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, that can produce sustained weight loss and diabetes remission but also extends to pharmacological treatments that simulate or amplify various signals that come from the gut. The purpose of this Review is to discuss the wealth of approaches currently under development that seek to further leverage the gut as a source of novel therapeutic opportunities with the hope that we can achieve the effects of surgical interventions with less invasive and more scalable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Gimeno
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Daniel A Briere
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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11
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He Q, Zhu S, Lin M, Yang Q, Wei L, Zhang J, Jiang X, Zhu D, Lu X, Chen YQ. Increased GPR120 level is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:196-201. [PMID: 30879764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120 or FFAR4) functions as a receptor for free fatty acids and plays a critical role in lipid metabolism. Studies have shown a close relationship between GDM and lipid metabolism disorders, whether GPR120 participates in the metabolic regulation of GDM remains unclear. In this study, 29 women with GDM and 33 normal pregnant women were enrolled. Lipid profiles were determined by lipidomics, expression of GPR120 and FGF21 was measured in the white blood cells, and regulation of FGF21 by GPR120 was investigated in THP-1 cells as well as human peripheral blood monocytes. Lipidomics reveal altered lipid metabolism in patients with GDM. The expression of both GPR120 and FGF21 is significantly higher in the GDM than in the control at the 32nd and 37th weeks of pregnancy, but the differences disappear by the 2nd day post-delivery. Generally positive correlations are found between the total amount of lipids and expression levels of GPR120 and FGF21 in GDM patients. FGF21 expression is induced by GPR120 activation in THP-1 cells and WBCs. GPR120 may act as a metabolic regulator, through the induction of FGF21, to control lipid metabolism, and GDM patients may manifest a GPR120 insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen He
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengyuan Lin
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lengyun Wei
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Doudou Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuyang Lu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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12
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Hoque M, Ali S, Hoda M. Current status of G-protein coupled receptors as potential targets against type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:2237-2244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Winters MP, Sui Z, Wall M, Wang Y, Gunnet J, Leonard J, Hua H, Yan W, Suckow A, Bell A, Clapper W, Jenkinson C, Haug P, Koudriakova T, Huebert N, Murray WV. Discovery of N-arylpyrroles as agonists of GPR120 for the treatment of type II diabetes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:841-846. [PMID: 29456108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a novel series of N-arylpyrroles as agonists of GPR120 (FFAR4) is discussed. One lead compound is a potent GPR120 agonist, has good selectivity for related receptor GPR40 (FFAR1), has acceptable PK properties, and is active in 2 models of Type 2 Diabetes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Winters
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Zhihua Sui
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Mark Wall
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Yuanping Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Joseph Gunnet
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - James Leonard
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Hong Hua
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Wen Yan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Arthur Suckow
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Austin Bell
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Wilmelenne Clapper
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Celia Jenkinson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Peter Haug
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Tatiana Koudriakova
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Norman Huebert
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - William V Murray
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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14
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The acute glucose lowering effect of specific GPR120 activation in mice is mainly driven by glucagon-like peptide 1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189060. [PMID: 29206860 PMCID: PMC5716539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism behind the glucose lowering effect occurring after specific activation of GPR120 is not completely understood. In this study, a potent and selective GPR120 agonist was developed and its pharmacological properties were compared with the previously described GPR120 agonist Metabolex-36. Effects of both compounds on signaling pathways and GLP-1 secretion were investigated in vitro. The acute glucose lowering effect was studied in lean wild-type and GPR120 null mice following oral or intravenous glucose tolerance tests. In vitro, in GPR120 overexpressing cells, both agonists signaled through Gαq, Gαs and the β-arrestin pathway. However, in mouse islets the signaling pathway was different since the agonists reduced cAMP production. The GPR120 agonists stimulated GLP-1 secretion both in vitro in STC-1 cells and in vivo following oral administration. In vivo GPR120 activation induced significant glucose lowering and increased insulin secretion after intravenous glucose administration in lean mice, while the agonists had no effect in GPR120 null mice. Exendin 9–39, a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, abolished the GPR120 induced effects on glucose and insulin following an intravenous glucose challenge. In conclusion, GLP-1 secretion is an important mechanism behind the acute glucose lowering effect following specific GPR120 activation.
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15
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Im DS. FFA4 (GPR120) as a fatty acid sensor involved in appetite control, insulin sensitivity and inflammation regulation. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 64:92-108. [PMID: 28887275 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids have been suggested to be beneficial in the context of cardiovascular disorders based in epidemiologic studies conducted in Greenland and Mediterranean. DHA and EPA are omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids that are plentiful in fish oil, and oleic acid is an omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acid, rich in olive oil. Dietary intake of these unsaturated long-chain fatty acids have been associated with insulin sensitivity and weight loss, which contrasts with the impairment of insulin sensitivity and weight gain associated with high intakes of saturated long-chain fatty acids. The recent discovery that free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4, also known as GPR120) acts as a sensor for unsaturated long-chain fatty acids started to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial functions played by these unsaturated long-chain fatty acids in various physiological processes, which include the secretions of gastrointestinal peptide hormones and glucose homeostasis. In this review, the physiological roles and therapeutic significance of FFA4 in appetite control, insulin sensitization, and inflammation reduction are discussed in relation to obesity and type 2 diabetes from pharmacological viewpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Soon Im
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Milligan G, Alvarez-Curto E, Hudson BD, Prihandoko R, Tobin AB. FFA4/GPR120: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Opportunities. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:809-821. [PMID: 28734639 PMCID: PMC5582618 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Free Fatty Acid receptor 4 (FFA4), also known as GPR120, is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) responsive to long-chain fatty acids that is attracting considerable attention as a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although no clinical studies have yet been initiated to assess efficacy in this indication, a significant number of primary publications and patents have highlighted the ability of agonists with potency at FFA4 to improve glucose disposition and enhance insulin sensitivity in animal models. However, the distribution pattern of the receptor suggests that targeting FFA4 may also be useful in other conditions, ranging from cancer to lung function. Here, we discuss and contextualise the basis for these ideas and the results to support these conclusions. Substantial focus on the therapeutic potential of FFA4/GPR120 is currently directed towards type 2 diabetes. Progress in the identification and characterisation of FFA4/GPR120 agonist ligands is apparent in both the primary scientific and patent literatures. In models of glucose handling, FFA4/GPR120 agonists appear highly effective. Recent indications provide support for consideration of FFA4/GPR120 ligands in areas of cancer treatment. High levels of expression of FFA4/GPR120 in the lung suggest utility in analysis of the potential therapeutic roles of FFA4/GPR120 ligands in both acute and chronic airway inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Elisa Alvarez-Curto
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Brian D Hudson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rudi Prihandoko
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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