1
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Makanai H, Mochizuki D, Nishihara T, Tanabe K. Hoechst modification by strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition for transport of functional molecules into the cell nucleus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 112:129916. [PMID: 39116953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The delivery of functional molecules to the cell nucleus enables the visualization of nuclear function and the development of effective medical treatments. In this study, we successfully modified the Hoechst molecule, which is a well-documented nuclear-staining agent, using the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction. We prepared Hoechst derivatives bearing an azide group (Hoe-N3) and characterized their SPAAC reactions in the presence of corresponding molecules with a dibenzylcyclooctyne unit (DBCO). The SPAAC reaction of Hoe-N3 with alkylamine bearing DBCO, fluorescent TAMRA, or Cy5 molecules bearing DBCO led to the formation of the coupling products Hoe-Amine, Hoe-TAMRA, and Hoe-Cy5, respectively. These Hoechst derivatives retained their DNA-binding properties. In addition, Hoe-TAMRA and Hoe-Cy5 exhibited properties of dual accumulation in the cell nucleus and mitochondria. Initial incubation of these molecules in living cells resulted in its accumulation in mitochondria, while after mitochondrial depolarization, it was smoothly released from mitochondria and translocated into the cell nucleus. Thus, mitochondrial depolarization could be monitored by measuring the emission of Hoe-TAMRA and Hoe-Cy5 at the cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Makanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan.
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2
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Gui R, Jin H. Organic fluorophores-based molecular probes with dual-fluorescence ratiometric responses to in-vitro/in-vivo pH for biosensing, bioimaging and biotherapeutics applications. Talanta 2024; 275:126171. [PMID: 38703479 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, organic fluorophores-based molecular probes with dual-fluorescence ratiometric responses to in-vitro/in-vivo pH (DFR-MPs-pH) have been attracting much interest in fundamental application research fields. More and more scientific publications have reported the exploration of various DFR-MPs-pH systems that have unique dual-fluorescence ratiometry as the signal output, in-built and signal self-calibration functions to improve precise detection of targets. DFR-MPs-pH systems possess high-performance applications in biosensing, bioimaging and biomedicine fields. This review has comprehensively summarized recent advances of DFR-MPs-pH for the first time. First of all, the compositions and types of DFR-MPs-pH are introduced by summarizing different organic fluorophores-based molecule systems. Then, construction strategies are analyzed based on specific components, structures, properties and functions of DFR-MPs-pH. Afterward, biosensing and bioimaging applications are discussed in detail, primarily referring to pH sensing and imaging detection at the levels of living cells and small animals. Finally, biomedicine applications are fully summarized, majorly involving bio-toxicity evaluation, bio-distribution, biomedical diagnosis and therapeutics. Meanwhile, the current status, challenges and perspectives are rationally commented after detailed discussions of representative and state-of-the-art studies. Overall, this present review is comprehensive, in-time and in-depth, and can facilitate the following further exploration of new and versatile DFR-MPs-pH systems toward rational design, facile preparation, superior properties, adjustable functions and highly efficient applications in promising fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijun Gui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, PR China.
| | - Hui Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, PR China
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3
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Munan S, Yadav R, Pareek N, Samanta A. Ratiometric fluorescent probes for pH mapping in cellular organelles. Analyst 2023; 148:4242-4262. [PMID: 37581493 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00960b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular pH (pHi) in organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and nuclei, differs from the cytoplasmic pH, and thus maintaining the pH of these organelles is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Alterations in the intracellular pH (ΔpHi) in organelles lead to the disruption of cell proliferation, ion transportation, cellular homeostasis, and even cell death. Hence, accurately mapping the pH of organelles is crucial. Accordingly, the development of fluorescence imaging probes for targeting specific organelles and monitoring their dynamics at the molecular level has become the forefront of research in the last three decades. Among them, ratiometric fluorescent probes minimize the interference from the excitation wavelength of light, auto-fluorescence from probe concentration, environmental fluctuations, and instrument sensitivity through self-correction compared to monochromatic fluorescent probes, which are known as turn-on/off fluorescent probes. Small-molecular ratiometric fluorescent probes for detecting ΔpHi are challenging yet demanding. To date, sixty-two ratiometric pH probes have been reported for monitoring internal pH alterations in cellular organelles. However, a critical review on organelle-specific ratiometric probes for pH mapping is still lacking. Thus, in the present review, we report the most recent advances in ratiometric pH probes and the previous data on the role of mapping the ΔpHi of cellular organelles. The development strategy, including ratiometric fluorescence with one reference signal (RFRS) and ratiometric fluorescence with two reversible signals (RFRvS), is systematically illustrated. Finally, we emphasize the major challenges in developing ratiometric probes that merit further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Munan
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
| | - Niharika Pareek
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
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4
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Wang C, Fu H, Tan J, Zhang X. Rational Design of Oxazolidine-Based Red Fluorescent pH Probe for Simultaneous Imaging Two Subcellular Organelles. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090696. [PMID: 36140081 PMCID: PMC9496385 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A reversible pH-responsive fluorescent probe, BP, was rationally designed and synthesized, based on protonation and deprotonation gave rise to oxazolidine ring open and close. The fluorescence response of BP against pH ranges from 3.78 to 7.54, which is suitable for labeling intracellular pH-dependent organelles. BP displayed strong red emission at a relatively high pH in living HeLa cells and U87 cells. More importantly, this probe exhibited good colocalization with both mitochondria and lysosomes in these two cell lines, attributing to pH-induced structure tautomerism resulting in an oxazolidine ring open and close that triggered effective targeting of these two organelles. As organelle interactions are critical for cellular processes, this strategy of targeting dual organelles through the structure tautomerism is conducive to further developing more effective and advanced probes for real-time imaging of the interaction between mitochondria and lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfei Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Hengyi Fu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jingyun Tan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence:
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5
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Yong MJ, Kang B, Yang U, Oh SS, Je JH. Live Streaming of a Single Cell's Life over a Local pH-Monitoring Nanowire Waveguide. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6375-6382. [PMID: 35877544 PMCID: PMC9372996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal pH monitoring of single living cells across rigid cell and organelle membranes has been challenging, despite its significance in understanding cellular heterogeneity. Here, we developed a mechanically robust yet tolerably thin nanowire waveguide that enables in situ monitoring of pH dynamics at desired cellular compartments via direct optical communication. By chemically labeling fluorescein at one end of a poly(vinylbenzyl azide) nanowire, we continuously monitored pH variations of different compartments inside a living cell, successfully observing organelle-exclusive pH homeostasis and stimuli-selective pH regulations. Importantly, it was demonstrated for the first time that, during the mammalian cell cycle, the nucleus displays pH homeostasis in interphase but a tidal pH curve in the mitotic phase, implying the existence of independent pH-regulating activities by the nuclear envelope. The rapid and accurate local pH-reporting capability of our nanowire waveguide would be highly valuable for investigating cellular behaviors under diverse biological situations in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Jung Yong
- X-ray
Imaging Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Byunghwa Kang
- X-ray
Imaging Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Un Yang
- X-ray
Imaging Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Seung Soo Oh
- X-ray
Imaging Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Je
- X-ray
Imaging Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
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6
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Rodríguez-Sevilla P, Thompson SA, Jaque D. Multichannel Fluorescence Microscopy: Advantages of Going beyond a Single Emission. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Rodríguez-Sevilla
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG) Departamento de Física de Materiales Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Sebastian A. Thompson
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia) C/Faraday 9 Madrid 28049 Spain
- Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to the National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC-IMDEA) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG) Departamento de Física de Materiales Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 Madrid 28049 Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Ramón y Cajal Ctra. Colmenar km. 9,100 Madrid 28034 Spain
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7
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Assessing chromatin condensation for epigenetics with a DNA-targeting sensor by FRET and FLIM techniques. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Ding Z, Dou X, Wang C, Feng G, Xie J, Zhang X. Ratiometric pH sensing by fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based hybrid semiconducting polymer dots in living cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:245502. [PMID: 33636714 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abea38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pH plays a significant role in all cell activities. Due to their precise imaging capabilities, fluorescent probes have attracted much attention for the investigation of pH-regulated processes. Detecting intracellular pH values with high throughput is critical for cell research and applications. In this work, hybrid semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) were developed and characterized and were applied for cell imaging and exclusive ratiometric sensing of intracellular pH values. The reported Pdots were prepared by blending a synthesized block polymer (POMF) and a semiconducting polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEHPPV) to construct a fluorescence resonance energy transfer system for ratiometric sensing. Pdots showed many advantages, including high brightness, excellent photostability and biocompatibility, giving the pH probe high sensitivity and good stability. Our results proved the capability of POMF-MEHPPV Pdots for the detection of pH in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilin Dou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Feng
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, People's Republic of China
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9
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Studying Proton Gradients Across the Nuclear Envelope. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2175:47-63. [PMID: 32681483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0763-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The existence of nuclear pore complexes in the nuclear envelope has led to the assumption that ions move freely from the cytosol into the nucleus, and that the molecular mechanisms at the plasma membrane that regulate cytosolic pH also regulate nuclear pH. Furthermore, studies to measure pH in the nucleus have produced contradictory results, since it has been found that the nuclear pH is either similar to the cytosol or more alkaline than the cytosol. However, most studies of nuclear pH have lacked the rigor needed to understand pH regulation in the nucleus. A major problem has been the lack of in situ titrations in the nucleus and cytosol, since the intracellular environment is different in the cytosol and nucleus and the behavior of fluorescent pH probes is different in these environments. Here we present a method that uses the fluorescence of SNARF-1 that labels both cytosol and nucleus. Using ratio imaging microscopy, regions of interest corresponding to the nucleus and cytosol to perform steady-state pH measurements followed by in situ titrations, to correctly assign pH in those cellular domains.
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10
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Takaoka Y, Miyagawa S, Nakamura A, Egoshi S, Tsukiji S, Ueda M. Hoechst-tagged Fluorescein Diacetate for the Fluorescence Imaging-based Assessment of Stomatal Dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5333. [PMID: 32210301 PMCID: PMC7093514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, stomata regulate water loss through transpiration for plant growth and survival in response to various environmental stressors; and simple methods to assess stomatal dynamics are needed for physiological studies. Herein, we report a fluorescence-imaging-based method using fluorescein diacetate tagged with Hoechst 33342, a nuclear staining chemical probe (HoeAc2Fl) for the qualitative assessment of stomatal dynamics. In our method, the stomatal movement is inferred by simple monitoring of the fluorescence intensity in the nucleus of the stomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Takaoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
| | - Saki Miyagawa
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Syusuke Egoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsukiji
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan. .,Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan. .,Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science (FRIMS), Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan. .,Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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11
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Abstract
The geminivirus capsid architecture is unique and built from twinned pseudo T=1 icosahedrons with 110 copies of the coat protein (CP). The CP is multifunctional. It performs various functions during the infection of a wide range of agriculturally important plant hosts. The CP multimerizes via pentameric intermediates during assembly and encapsulates the ssDNA genome to generate the unique capsid morphology. The virus capsid protects and transports the genome in the insect vector and plant host enroute to the plant nucleus for replication and the production of progeny. This review further explores CP:CP and CP:DNA interactions, and the environmental conditions that govern the assembly of the geminivirus capsid. This analysis was facilitated by new data available for the family, including three-dimensional structures and molecular biology data for several members. In addition, current and promising new control strategies of plant crop infection, which can lead to starvation for subsistence farmers, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonette Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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12
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Wang KN, Cao Q, Liu LY, Zhao ZJ, Liu W, Zhou DJ, Tan CP, Xia W, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Charge-driven tripod somersault on DNA for ratiometric fluorescence imaging of small molecules in the nucleus. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10053-10064. [PMID: 32055359 PMCID: PMC6991190 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03594j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although fluorescence tracing of small bioactive molecules in living cells has been extensively studied, it is still a challenging task to detect their variations in the nucleus mainly due to the impermeable nuclear membrane and nucleic acid interference. Herein, we take advantage of the nucleic acid enriched environment in the nucleus to establish a strategy, named "charge-driven tripod somersault on DNA", for ratiometric fluorescence imaging of small bioactive molecules in the nucleus. Taking SO2 derivatives as a typical target analyte, a tripodal probe has been constructed by conjugating two DNA binding groups containing a SO2 derivative reaction site. Mechanism studies demonstrate that upon encountering and reacting with SO3 2-/HSO3 -, a charge variation occurs at the responsive arm of the tripodal probe, triggering a tripod somersault on DNA, resulting in the conformational rearrangement of the DNA binding modes with DNA-modulated fluorescence change, which allows the second emission feature to emerge. In this strategy, probe-DNA binding is not influenced by RNA or non-specific protein association, thus making it ideal for tracing nucleus-localized analytes. The application of this strategy has realized both in vitro and in vivo ratiometric fluorescence imaging of the variations of endogenous SO2 derivatives in the nucleus for the first time, with high specificity and selectivity. Also, in theory, this strategy opens up a new avenue for the design of fluorescence probes for the nucleus-localized biological analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Nan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Qian Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Liu-Yi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Zi-Jian Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Wenting Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Dan-Jie Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Wei Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China . ;
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13
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Zhou L, Xie L, Liu C, Xiao Y. New trends of molecular probes based on the fluorophore 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Bigdeli A, Ghasemi F, Abbasi-Moayed S, Shahrajabian M, Fahimi-Kashani N, Jafarinejad S, Farahmand Nejad MA, Hormozi-Nezhad MR. Ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobes for visual detection: Design principles and recent advances - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:30-58. [PMID: 31387719 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal generation techniques for visual detection of analytes have received a great deal of attention in various sensing fields. These approaches are considered to be advantageous when instrumentation cannot be employed, such as for on-site assays, point-of-care tests, and he althcare diagnostics in resource-constrained areas. Amongst various visual detection approaches explored for non-invasive quantitative measurements, ratiometric fluorescence sensing has received particular attention as a potential method to overcome the limitations of intensity-based probes. This technique relies on changes in the intensity of two or more emission bands (induced by an analyte), resulting in an effective internal referencing which improves the sensitivity of the detection. The self-calibration, together with the unique optophysical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) have made the ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobes more sensitive and reliable, which in turn, can result in more precise visual detection of the analytes. Over the past few years, a vast number of ratiometric sensing probes using nanostructured fluorophores have been designed and reported for a wide variety of sensing, imaging, and biomedical applications. In this work, a review on the NP-based ratiometric fluorescent sensors has been presented to meticulously elucidate their development, advances and challenges. With a special emphasis on visual detection, the most important steps in the design of fluorescent ratiometric nanoprobes have been given and based on different classes of analytes, recent applications of fluorescent ratiometric nanoprobes have been summarized. The challenges for the future use of the technique investigated in this review have been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafeh Bigdeli
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran
| | - Forough Ghasemi
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran; Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, 3135933151, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Shahrajabian
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Jafarinejad
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | | | - M Reza Hormozi-Nezhad
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran.
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15
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Morosanu AC, Dimitriu DG, Dorohoi DO. Excited state dipole moment of the fluorescein molecule estimated from electronic absorption spectra. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Zhang X, Ye Z, Zhang X, Man H, Huang Z, Li N, Xiao Y. A targetable fluorescent probe for dSTORM super-resolution imaging of live cell nucleus DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1951-1954. [PMID: 30681076 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08575g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
HoeSR, a nucleus specific probe for dSTORM super-resolution imaging of nucleus DNA in live cells, was designed by conjugating a rhodamine fluorophore and a Hoechst tag. HoeSR labels the cell nucleus in a wash-free way and emits intensive fluorescence exclusively in the nucleus. With the aid of HoeSR, nucleus nanostructures at different mitosis stages were observed through super-resolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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17
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Bennett A, Rodriguez D, Lister S, Boulton M, McKenna R, Agbandje-McKenna M. Assembly and disassembly intermediates of maize streak geminivirus. Virology 2018; 525:224-236. [PMID: 30300759 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maize streak virus (MSV) belongs to the Geminiviridae. Four forms of MSV coat protein (CP) assemblages were isolated from infected plants: geminate capsids, T = 1 icosahedral capsids, pentamers and decamers of CPs. Sequential exposure of geminate capsids to increasing pH, from 4.8 to 7.2 was used to monitor capsid disassembly. The capsids remain intact at pH4.8, disassemble to decamers and pentamers by pH6.4 and aggregate by pH7.2. Similarly, high salt and divalent cations cause disassembly. The disassembly process was reversed in low pH and low salt, but resulted in empty (no DNA) single and geminate capsid assemblies. This is likely due to disruption of CP-DNA interactions under acidic conditions and suggests a mechanism of capsid assembly in which the genome is packaged into preformed empty capsids. The pH assay developed in this study provides a method for characterizing the conditions that are the determinants of geminivirus assembly and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonette Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0245, United States
| | - David Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0245, United States
| | - Samantha Lister
- John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Margaret Boulton
- John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0245, United States
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0245, United States.
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18
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Razgoniaeva N, Rogers S, Moroz P, Cassidy J, Zamkov M. Improving the spectral resolution in fluorescence microscopy through shaped-excitation imaging. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 6:045006. [PMID: 30078787 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aad81c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of distinct molecular species represents an important challenge of bio-imaging research. In past decades, the development of multicolor fluorescent (FL) labels has greatly improved our ability to track biological analytes, paving the way for important advances in understanding the cell dynamics. It remains challenging, however, to visualize a large number of different fluorephores simultaneously. Owing to a spectrally broad absorption of fluorescent dyes, only up to five color categories can be resolved at once. Here, we demonstrate a general strategy for distinguishing between multiple fluorescent targets in acquired microscopy images with improved accuracy. The present strategy is enabled through spectral shaping of the excitation light with an optical filter that uniquely attenuates the light absorption of each fluorophore in the investigated sample. The resulting emission changes, induced by such excitation modulation, are therefore target-specific and can be used for identifying various fluorescent species. The technique is demonstrated through an accurate identification of 8 different CdSe dyes with absorption maxima spanning the 520-620 spectral range. It is subsequently applied for accurate measurements of the pH balance in buffers emulating a metabolism of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Razgoniaeva
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States of America. Department of Physics, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States of America
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19
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Bag SS, Gogoi H. Design of "Click" Fluorescent Labeled 2'-deoxyuridines via C5-[4-(2-Propynyl(methyl)amino)]phenyl Acetylene as a Universal Linker: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Interaction with BSA. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7606-7621. [PMID: 29877080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microenvironment-sensitive fluorescent nucleosides present attractive advantages over single-emitting dyes for sensing inter-biomolecular interactions involving DNA. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of triazolyl push-pull fluorophore-labeled uridines via the intermediacy of C5-[4-(2-propynyl(methyl)amino)]phenyl acetylene as a universal linker. The synthesized nucleosides showed interesting solvatochromic characteristic and/or intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) features. A few of them also exhibited dual-emitting characteristics evidencing our designing concept. The HOMO-LUMO distribution showed that the emissive states of these nucleosides were characterized with more significant electron redistribution between the C5-[4-(2-propynyl(methyl)amino)]phenyl triazolyl donor moiety and the aromatic chromophores linked to it, leading to modulated emission property. The solvent polarity sensitivity of these nucleosides was also tested. The synthesized triazolyl benzonitrile (10C), naphthyl (10E), and pyrenyl (10G) nucleosides were found to exhibit interesting ICT and dual (LE/ICT) emission properties. The dual-emitting pyrenyl nucleoside maintained a good ratiometric response in the BSA protein microenvironment, enabling the switch-on ratiometric sensing of BSA as the only protein biomolecule. Thus, it is expected that the new fluorescent nucleoside analogues would be useful in designing DNA probes for nucleic acid analysis or studying DNA-protein interactions via a drastic change in fluorescence response due to a change in micropolarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Sekhar Bag
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Hiranya Gogoi
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 , India
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20
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Bosch P, Sucunza D, Mendicuti F, Domingo A, Vaquero JJ. Dibenzopyridoimidazocinnolinium cations: a new family of light-up fluorescent DNA probes. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00236c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new family of weakly fluorescent azonia cations with DNA-binding ability by intercalation whose fluorescence intensity increases significantly upon DNA addition is reported. A live-cell staining cells analysis showed the capacity of these new compounds for active uptake and accumulation by living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Bosch
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - David Sucunza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Francisco Mendicuti
- Departamento de Química Analítica
- Química Física e Ingeniería Química
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Spain
| | - Alberto Domingo
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Spain
| | - Juan J. Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Madrid
- Spain
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21
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Ranjan N, Kellish P, King A, Arya DP. Impact of Linker Length and Composition on Fragment Binding and Cell Permeation: Story of a Bisbenzimidazole Dye Fragment. Biochemistry 2017; 56:6434-6447. [PMID: 29131946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules that modulate biological functions are targets of modern day drug discovery efforts. In a common platform fragment-based drug discovery, two fragments that bind to adjacent sites on a target are identified and are then linked together using different linkers to identify the linkage for optimum activity. What are not known from these studies are the effects these linkers, which typically contain C, H, and O atoms, have on the properties of the individual fragment. Herein, we investigate such effects in a bisbenzimidazole fragment whose derivatives have a wide range of therapeutic applications in nucleic acid recognition, sensing, and photodynamic therapy and as cellular probes. We report a dramatic effect of linker length and composition of alkynyl (clickable) Hoechst 33258 derivatives in target binding and cell uptake. We show that the binding of Hoechst 33258-modeled bisbenzimidazoles (1-9) that contain linkers of varying lengths (3-21 atoms) display length- and composition-dependent variation in B-DNA stabilization using a variety of spectroscopic methods. For a dodecamer DNA duplex, the thermal stabilization varied from 0.3 to 9.0 °C as the linker length increased from 3 to 21 atoms, respectively. Compounds with linker lengths of ≤11 atoms (such as compounds 1 and 5) are localized in the nucleus, while compounds with long linkers (such as compounds 8 and 9) are distributed in the extranuclear space, as well, with possible interactions with extranuclear targets. These findings provide insights into future drug design by revealing how linkers can influence the biophysical and cellular properties of individual drug fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Ranjan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Patrick Kellish
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Ada King
- NUBAD LLC , 900 B West Faris Road, Greenville, South Carolina 29605, United States
| | - Dev P Arya
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States.,NUBAD LLC , 900 B West Faris Road, Greenville, South Carolina 29605, United States
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